CN113410739A - Pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device and system thereof - Google Patents
Pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113410739A CN113410739A CN202110676262.XA CN202110676262A CN113410739A CN 113410739 A CN113410739 A CN 113410739A CN 202110676262 A CN202110676262 A CN 202110676262A CN 113410739 A CN113410739 A CN 113410739A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
- H01S3/06741—Photonic crystal fibre, i.e. the fibre having a photonic bandgap
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
Abstract
The invention provides a pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, which comprises: the device comprises a femtosecond laser front-end module, a pre-chirp management module, a pulse beam splitter module, an optical fiber amplifier module, a pulse beam combiner module, a pulse compression module and a time delay adjustment module. The invention adopts the pre-chirp technology to increase the spectrum broadening amount, adopts the coherent synthesis technology to increase the output average power, and can output the ultra-short pulse with the average power of five hundred watt and 50 femtoseconds by two paths of coherent synthesis; meanwhile, the invention has strong expansibility, a plurality of rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fibers can be added in parallel on the basis of the existing system to further improve the output average power, and a pulse separation/synthesis unit on time can be added to improve the output pulse energy of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrafast lasers, in particular to an ultrafast fiber laser technology, and specifically relates to a device for generating and amplifying high-average-power ultrashort femtosecond pulses.
Background
The ytterbium-doped fiber laser has the advantages of high average power, excellent heat dissipation performance, high-efficiency electro-optic conversion efficiency, excellent beam quality, relatively low cost, relatively small space volume and the like, and is more and more widely applied to the fields of basic science, industrial processing, biomedical treatment and the like.
To achieve pulses with high average power while reducing cumulative non-linearities, ultrafast fiber laser systems, on the one hand, typically employ Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) techniques. However, due to the limitations of insufficient bandwidth of the gain medium, narrow gain during amplification, and mismatch of dispersion compensation during amplification and compression, the pulse width output by the optical fiber CPA system is usually greater than 200 fs. On the other hand, to cover more application scenarios and application ranges, obtaining femtosecond pulses with higher average power will face several challenges, for example, the femtosecond pulses will accumulate too many nonlinear phases in the optical fiber to affect the compression quality of the output pulse; the pulse peak power is higher than a certain threshold value and can damage the optical fiber; after the average power reaches a certain threshold, a Transverse Mode Instability (TMI) phenomenon also occurs, further limiting the output average power.
The defects of the prior CPA technology are as follows:
1. the output pulse width of the optical fiber CPA amplifying system is wider, generally more than 200fs, and cannot meet the requirements of some applications requiring shorter pulses.
2. Due to the presence of the TMI threshold, the single fiber CPA amplification system cannot output an average power that exceeds the TMI threshold.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks and limitations of the prior art and to provide a specific multi-channel ultrashort pulse laser coherent combining (CBC) apparatus based on the pre-chirp managed amplification technology (PCMA), in which a nonlinear amplification technology PCMA can output a shorter pulse (sub-50 fs) than a CPA system, and a coherent combining technology can break through the power limitation of a single large mode field fiber and output a pulse (500W) with a higher average power.
To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification apparatus, comprising: the system comprises a femtosecond laser front-end module, a pre-chirp management module, a pulse beam splitter module, an optical fiber amplifier module, a pulse beam combiner module, a pulse compression module and a time delay adjustment module; wherein:
the input end of the pre-chirp management module is connected with the output end of the femtosecond laser front-end module, and the femtosecond laser front-end module is used for outputting an ultrashort pulse sequence;
the input end of the pulse beam splitter module is connected with the output end of the pre-chirp management module, and the pre-chirp management module is used for adjusting the chirp quantity of input pulses;
the input end of the optical fiber amplifier module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam splitter module, and the pulse beam splitter module is used for spatially splitting a single pulse into a plurality of pulses;
the input end of the pulse beam combiner module is connected with the output end of the optical fiber amplifier module, and the optical fiber amplifier module is used for broadening a spectrum of the pulse output by the beam splitter module by utilizing a nonlinear effect and amplifying the power of the pulse;
the input end of the pulse compression module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam combiner module, and the pulse beam combiner module is used for combining a plurality of beams of pulses into one beam;
the output end of the pulse compression module outputs compressed pulses, and the pulse compression module is used for performing dispersion compensation on the pulses output from the output end of the pulse beam combiner module;
the monitoring end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam combiner module and is used for monitoring the phase delay of the multipath pulse time;
and the braking end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the pulse beam splitter module and is used for compensating an error signal at the monitoring end of the time delay adjusting module and carrying out active phase feedback locking.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device is characterized in that the femtosecond laser front-end module is a fiber laser or a solid-state laser, preferably an ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator or a ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier;
preferably, the femtosecond laser front-end module outputs a femtosecond pulse sequence with 5-20W of average power, wherein the average power is preferably 5-16W, and more preferably 10-16W; and/or the central wavelength range of the ultrashort pulse sequence emitted by the oscillator in the femtosecond laser front-end module is 1-1.06 μm, and the most preferable range is 1.04 μm;
more preferably, the femtosecond laser front-end module is a fiber laser oscillator including a mode-locked laser oscillator, and the mode-locked mode of the fiber laser oscillator is preferably selected from one or more of the following modes: a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, a nonlinear polarization rotating, nonlinear optical ring mirror;
further preferably, the mode-locked fiber laser oscillator is an ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator capable of protecting mode locking of the absorption mirror based on a semiconductor.
The pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises a pre-chirp management module, a pre-chirp management module and a pre-chirp management module, wherein the pre-chirp management module comprises a dispersion regulation and control device;
preferably, the dispersion regulating device is a grating pair and/or a prism pair, and more preferably a grating pair;
more preferably, the pre-chirp management module further comprises a first plane mirror, an angular mirror and an optical isolator; the ultra-short pulse sequence emitted by the femtosecond laser front-end module is emitted to the dispersion regulation and control device without blocking, then is reflected back by the angular reflector and reduced in height, then penetrates through the dispersion regulation and control device again, is reflected on the first plane reflector, and then penetrates through the optical isolator to output the pre-chirped pulse.
The pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises a first half wave plate, a first polarization beam splitter, a first quarter wave plate and a second plane mirror.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises an optical fiber amplifier module, a pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device and a pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, wherein the optical fiber amplifier module comprises two or more rod-shaped optical fiber amplifier optical paths;
more preferably, the rod-shaped fiber amplifier is selected from one or more of the following: the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber, the double-cladding gain fiber and the disc-shaped gain fiber are preferably selected from the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber and the double-cladding gain fiber, and the most preferably selected from the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber;
further preferably, the diameter of the core of the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber is 40-100 μm, and preferably 85 μm; and/or the length of the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber is 60-120 cm, preferably 80 cm.
The pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises a pulse beam splitter module, a first pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying module and a second pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying module, wherein the pulse beam splitter module comprises a pulse beam splitter device, and the pulse beam splitter device is selected from a polarization beam splitter prism and/or a thin film polaroid;
preferably, the pulse beam splitting device is a thin film polarizer, and the pulses are spatially separated by using the difference of reflectivity and transmissivity of the thin film polarizer to the pulses with different polarization directions.
The pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises a pulse beam combiner module, a first pulse beam splitter module, a second pulse beam splitter module and a third pulse beam splitter module, wherein the pulse beam combiner module comprises a pulse beam combining device, and the pulse beam combining device is selected from a polarization beam splitting prism and/or a thin film polaroid;
preferably, the pulse beam combining device is a thin film polarizer, and the pulses are spatially separated by using the difference of reflectivity and transmissivity of the thin film polarizer to the pulses with different polarization directions.
The pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises a time delay adjusting module, a pulse beam combiner module and a pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, wherein the time delay adjusting module monitors and processes phase information of a light beam output by the pulse beam combiner module by using an active phase control method;
preferably, the active phase control method is selected from one or more of:
couillaud method, single detector electronic frequency tagging technique, random parallel gradient descent algorithmLocking technology and reinforcement learning locking method.
The pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises a pulse compression module, a pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device and a pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, wherein the pulse compression module comprises a dispersion compensation device;
preferably, the dispersion compensation device is selected from a grating pair, a prism pair or a chirped mirror;
more preferably, the pulse compression module includes an eighth plane mirror, a first chirped mirror, and a second chirped mirror.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification system, which includes the pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification apparatus according to the first aspect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying apparatus, including: the system comprises a femtosecond laser front-end module, a pre-chirp management module, a pulse beam splitter module, an optical fiber amplifier module, a pulse beam combiner module, a pulse compression module and a time delay adjustment module; wherein:
the output end of the femtosecond laser front-end module is connected with the input end of the pre-chirp management module, and the femtosecond laser front-end module is used for transmitting an ultrashort pulse sequence with certain power;
the output end of the pre-chirp management module is connected with the input end of the optical fiber amplifier module, and the pre-chirp management module is used for adjusting the chirp quantity of input pulses;
the input end of the pulse beam splitter module is connected with the output end of the pre-chirp management module, and the pulse beam splitter module is used for spatially splitting a single pulse into a plurality of pulses.
The input end of the optical fiber amplifier module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam splitter module, and the optical fiber amplifier module widens the spectrum by utilizing the nonlinear effect and simultaneously amplifies the power of the pulse;
the input end of the pulse beam combiner module is connected with the output end of the optical fiber amplifier module, and the pulse beam combiner module is used for combining multiple beams into one beam.
The input end of the pulse compression module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam combiner module, and the pulse compression module is used for performing dispersion compensation on pulses output from the output end of the pulse beam combiner module.
The monitoring end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam combiner and is used for monitoring the phase delay of two paths of pulses in time; and the braking end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the pulse beam splitter module and is used for compensating the error signal of the monitoring end of the time delay adjusting module.
According to the pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, the femtosecond laser front-end module can output a femtosecond pulse sequence with certain power.
Preferably, the femtosecond laser front-end module uses a mode-locked fiber oscillator and a fiber amplifier. The central wavelength range of an ultrashort pulse sequence emitted by an oscillator in the femtosecond laser front-end module is 1-1.06 mu m, and the most preferable wavelength range is 1.04 mu m;
preferably, the mode locking mode of the mode locking fiber laser oscillator is selected from one or more of the following modes: a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, a nonlinear polarization rotating, nonlinear optical ring mirror;
more preferably, the mode-locked fiber laser oscillator is an ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator capable of protecting mode locking of the absorption mirror based on a semiconductor.
According to the femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device for managing the pre-chirp, the pre-chirp management module comprises a dispersion regulation and control device;
preferably, the dispersion tuning device is a grating pair and/or a prism pair, more preferably a grating pair.
According to the pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, the pre-chirp management module further comprises a first plane reflector, an angular reflector and an optical isolator;
the ultra-short pulse sequence emitted by the femtosecond laser oscillator module is emitted to the dispersion regulation and control device without blocking, is returned by the angular reflector and reduced by a certain height, then penetrates through the dispersion regulation and control device again, is reflected on the first plane reflector, and then penetrates through the optical isolator to output pre-chirped pulses;
according to the pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, a beam splitter module comprises a first half wave plate, a first polarization beam splitter, a first quarter wave plate, a second plane mirror and first piezoelectric ceramics (PZT).
Wherein the pulse splitting/combining device is selected from any one of the following: a polarizing beam splitter prism, a thin film polarizer;
preferably, the pulse beam splitting/combining device is a thin film polarizer, and the pulses are spatially split and combined by using the reflectivity and transmittance difference of the thin film polarizer to the pulses with different polarization directions;
the fiber amplifier module comprises a third plane mirror, a second quarter wave plate, a first plano-convex lens, a first rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber, a second plano-convex lens, a first double-chromatic mirror, a fourth plane mirror, a third plano-convex lens, a first diode pump laser source, a third quarter wave plate, a fifth plane mirror, a fourth quarter wave plate, a fourth plano-convex lens, a second rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber, a fifth plano-convex lens, a second dichroic mirror, a sixth plane mirror, a sixth plano-convex lens, a second diode pump laser source, a fifth quarter wave plate, a second half-wave plate and a second polarization beam splitter which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and from left to right;
according to the pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, the diameter of a fiber core of the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber is 40-100 mu m, and preferably 85 mu m; and/or
The length of the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber is 60-120 cm, and preferably 80 cm.
According to the pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter are the same in model and can work under higher average power;
the pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises a time delay adjusting module, a phase delay adjusting module and a phase delay adjusting module, wherein the time delay adjusting module comprises an active phase control element.
Preferably, the time delay adjustment module according to the invention is based on
-a couillaud (hc) method comprising, in order, a first window plate, a sixth quarter wave plate, a third polarizing beam splitter, a seventh plane mirror, a first balanced photodetector, a first high speed servo controller, a first voltage amplifier, and a first piezoceramic (pzt); the module detects the phase difference of two beams of pulses through a first balanced photoelectric detector, a first high-speed servo controller receives signals and transmits output control voltage signals to a first voltage amplifier, and finally the output control voltage signals are transmitted to a first pzt to compensate the phase delay in time;
the pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises a pulse compression module, a pulse compression module and a pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device, wherein the pulse compression module comprises a dispersion compensation device;
preferably, the dispersion compensation device is selected from a grating pair, a prism pair or a chirped mirror;
more preferably, the pulse compression module includes an eighth plane mirror, a first chirped mirror, and a second chirped mirror.
Based on the above device, the present invention provides a technical solution, which has a strong expansibility, wherein the amplification module can be easily expanded into a plurality of modules, for convenience of drawing and description, the present invention uses two amplifiers as an example for illustration, and it should not be understood that the present invention is limited to two circuits. The scheme is as follows:
a high average power pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device comprises: the system comprises a femtosecond laser front-end module, a pre-chirp management module, a pulse beam splitter module, an optical fiber amplifier module, a pulse beam combiner module, a pulse compression module and a time delay adjustment module; the output end of the femtosecond laser front-end module is connected with the input end of a pre-chirp management module, and the output end of the pre-chirp management module is connected with the input end of a pulse beam splitter module; the output end of the pulse beam splitter module is connected with the input end of the optical fiber amplifier module; the output end of the optical fiber amplifier module is connected with the input end of the pulse beam combiner module; the output end of the pulse beam combiner module is connected with the input end of the pulse compression module; the monitoring end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam combiner, and the braking end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the pulse beam splitter module;
the femtosecond laser front-end module is used for transmitting a beam of ultrashort pulse sequence A with certain power; the pre-chirp management module consists of a dispersion regulation and control device and is used for regulating the chirp quantity of an input pulse and outputting a pre-chirp pulse B; the beam splitter module is used for splitting a beam into two beams of pulses C and D with equal success rate and orthogonal polarization; the two optical fiber amplifier modules are used for respectively carrying out pass-type power amplification on the pulses output by the beam splitter module, broadening the spectrum corresponding to the pulses by utilizing a nonlinear effect and outputting amplified pulses E and F; the pulse beam combiner module is used for spatially combining the output pulses of the two beams of optical fiber amplifier modules into a beam of pulse G; the pulse compression module is used for carrying out dispersion compensation on the pulse output from the output end of the pulse beam combiner module so as to compress the pulse width and generate the ultrashort femtosecond pulse H with high peak power. The monitoring end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam combiner to monitor pulse phase information, and the braking end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the pulse beam splitter module and used for transmitting compensation information processed by the monitoring end to pzt to compensate time delay among pulses;
further, the femtosecond laser front-end module comprises an oscillator and an amplifier, preferably a mode-locked fiber laser oscillator and a fiber amplifier. The mode-locked fiber laser oscillator can adopt a mode-locked mode such as a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, a nonlinear polarization rotation mode, a nonlinear optical ring mirror and the like, and is preferably an ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator with a central wavelength working at 1.04 mu m and mode-locked by the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror; and subsequently, an amplifier is connected into the front-end module for power amplification, so that a pulse sequence A with certain power is output.
Furthermore, the pre-chirp management module consists of a reflector and a grating pair, and comprises a first plane reflector, a first transmission grating, a second transmission grating and an angular reflector; the first transmission grating and the second transmission grating are arranged in parallel, and the second transmission grating is arranged on the precise adjustable displacement platform and used for adjusting the distance between the grating pairs so as to change the chirp quantity of the incident pulse and then outputting the pre-chirped pulse B from the optical isolator.
Furthermore, the pulse beam splitter module comprises a first half wave plate, a first polarization beam splitter, a first quarter wave plate, a second plane mirror and a first piezoelectric ceramic (PZT), wherein the pulse polarization direction is adjusted to form an included angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction by adjusting the first half wave plate, the pulse is divided into horizontal polarization and vertical polarization equal energy pulses by the first polarization beam splitter, one pulse C directly penetrates through the first polarization beam splitter and enters the optical fiber amplifier module, and the other pulse rotates the polarization for 90 degrees by passing through the first quarter wave plate and the second plane mirror twice and then penetrates through the first polarization beam splitter to become a pulse D which enters the optical fiber amplifier module.
Further, a rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber is used for providing higher gain for laser signals so as to realize high-power amplification and complete synthesis; the device specifically comprises a third plane reflector, a second quarter-wave plate, a first plano-convex lens, a first rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber, a second plano-convex lens, a first dichroic mirror, a fourth plane reflector, a third plano-convex lens, a first diode pump laser source, a third quarter-wave plate, a fifth plane reflector, a fourth quarter-wave plate, a fourth plano-convex lens, a second rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber, a fifth plano-convex lens, a second dichroic mirror, a sixth plane reflector, a sixth plano-convex lens, a second diode pump laser source, a fifth quartet-wave plate, a second half-wave plate and a second polarization beam splitter which are sequentially arranged; the third plane mirror and the first plano-convex lens are adjusted to efficiently couple the pre-chirped pulse C into the fiber core of the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber; the second quarter-wave plate is used for converting the linear polarization pulse into a circular polarization pulse, and the third plano-convex lens, the fourth plane mirror, the first dichroic mirror and the second plano-convex lens are used for coupling the pump light output by the first diode pump laser source into a cladding of the gain fiber to provide gain for the pre-chirped pulse C; the first dichroic mirror is also used for spatially separating an amplified pulse E output by the gain fiber from the pump laser, and the separated signal pulse E is used for converting a circular polarization pulse into a linear polarization pulse through the third quarter-wave plate and then is reflected by the fifth plane mirror to enter the second polarization beam splitter for transmission; the pre-chirped pulse D can be efficiently coupled into a fiber core of the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber by adjusting the second plane mirror and the fourth plane convex lens; the fourth quarter-wave plate is used for converting the linear polarization pulse into a circular polarization pulse, and the fourth plano-convex lens, the sixth plane mirror, the second dichroic mirror and the fifth plano-convex lens are used for coupling the pump light output by the second diode pump laser source into a cladding of the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber to provide gain for the pre-chirped pulse D; the second dichroic mirror is also used for spatially separating an amplification pulse F output by the gain fiber from the pump laser, the separated signal pulse F is used for converting a circular polarization pulse into a linear polarization pulse through the fifth quarter-wave plate, and the linear polarization pulse enters the second polarization beam splitter for reflection after the polarization direction is rotated by 90 degrees through the second half-wave plate; the second polarization beam splitter is used for spatially synthesizing the amplified pulses E and F amplified by the rod-shaped photonic crystal fiber, and the third quarter wave plate, the fifth quarter wave plate and the second half wave plate are adjusted in the synthesizing process, so that the synthesizing efficiency of the output pulse G is the highest, and a small amount of non-synthesized light leaks from the other direction of the second polarization beam splitter.
Further, the time delay adjusting module sequentially comprises a first window plate, a sixth quarter wave plate, a third polarization beam splitter, a seventh plane mirror, a first balanced photoelectric detector, a first high-speed servo controller, a first voltage amplifier and a first piezoelectric ceramic (pzt); the first window plate enters the third polarization beam splitter after entering the sixth quarter wave plate through reflecting a small amount of synthetic pulses G, the first window plate is divided into two beams of pulses and enters the first balanced photoelectric detector, the first balanced photoelectric detector converts the two beams of pulse signals into electric signals to be differentiated to obtain time delay phase information, the time delay phase information is transmitted to the first high-speed servo controller, the voltage signal of the phase information is output and compensated, the voltage signal is transmitted to the first voltage amplifier to be used for controlling the first pzt, the purpose of compensating the time delay of the two beams of pulses C and D is achieved, and the synthetic efficiency is highest.
Further, the pulse compression module comprises an eighth plane mirror, a first chirped mirror and a second chirped mirror; the first chirped mirror and the second chirped mirror are used for compensating dispersion and compressing the amplified pulse G to generate an ultrashort femtosecond pulse H.
The device of the present invention may have, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects:
1. the advantages of the pre-chirp management amplification technology and the coherent synthesis technology are fully combined, a plurality of rod-shaped photonic crystal gain optical fiber amplifiers can break through various power limitations of a single rod-shaped optical fiber amplifier, pulses shorter than the chirp pulse amplification technology can be obtained, and finally, ultrashort femtosecond pulses with average power of five hundred watt magnitude and sub 50fs can be obtained through two-path coherent synthesis.
2. The device has strong expansibility, a plurality of rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fibers can be added in parallel on the basis of the existing system to further improve the output average power, and a pulse separation/synthesis unit on time can be added at the later stage to improve the output pulse energy of the system.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
fig. 1 shows a device for managing femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification based on pre-chirp.
Fig. 2 shows a very extensive demonstration diagram of a femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device based on pre-chirp management.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a femtosecond laser front-end module; 2. a pre-chirp management module; 3. a pulse beam splitter module; 4. the optical fiber amplifier module and the pulse beam combiner module; 5. a time delay adjustment module; 6. a pulse compression module; 7. a first planar mirror; 8. a first transmission grating; 9. a second transmission grating; 10. an angular reflector; 11. an optical isolator; 12. a first half wave plate; 13. a first polarizing beam splitter; 14. a first quarter wave plate; 15. a second planar mirror; 16. a first piezoelectric ceramic; 17. a third plane mirror; 18. a second quarter wave plate; 19. a first plano-convex lens; 20. a first rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber; 21. a second plano-convex lens; 22. a first diode-pumped laser source; 23. a third plano-convex lens; 24 a fourth planar mirror; 25. a first dichroic mirror; 26. a third quarter wave plate; 27. a fifth plane mirror; 28. a second diode-pumped laser source; 29. a fourth plano-convex lens; 30. a sixth plane mirror; 31. a fourth quarter wave plate; 32. a fifth plano-convex lens; 33. a second rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber; 34. a sixth plano-convex lens; 35. a second dichroic mirror; 36. a fifth quarter wave plate; 37. a second half-wave plate; 38. a second polarizing beam splitter; 39. a first window piece; 40. a sixth quarter wave plate; 41. a third polarization beam splitter; 42. a seventh plane mirror; 43. a first balanced photodetector; 44. a first high-speed servo controller; 45. a first voltage amplifier; 46. an eighth plane mirror; 47. a first chirped mirror; 48. a second chirped mirror.
A. An ultrashort pulse sequence emitted by a femtosecond laser front end 1; B. the pre-chirp management module 2 outputs pre-chirp pulses; c, D, two pulse beams separated by the beam splitter module 3; e and F, and pulses C and D are respectively amplified by the amplifier module 4; G. the pulses E and F are synthesized by the beam combiner module; H. the pulse compression module 6 compresses the output ultrashort femtosecond pulses.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which, however, are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
This section generally describes the materials used in the testing of the present invention, as well as the testing methods. Although many materials and methods of operation are known in the art for the purpose of carrying out the invention, the invention is nevertheless described herein in as detail as possible. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the materials and methods of operation used in the present invention are well within the skill of the art, provided that they are not specifically illustrated.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
This embodiment is used to illustrate the structure of the pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying apparatus according to the present invention.
The invention has strong expansibility, wherein the amplification module can be easily expanded into a plurality of modules, for convenience of drawing and description, the embodiment uses two amplifiers as an example for illustration, and the invention is not understood to be limited to two paths.
Fig. 1 is a femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying device based on pre-chirp management. It includes: the system comprises a femtosecond laser front-end module 1, a pre-chirp management module 2, a pulse beam splitter module 3, a fiber amplifier module and pulse beam combiner module 4, a time delay adjustment module 5 and a pulse compression module 6. In this embodiment, the femtosecond laser front-end module 1 adopts an ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator capable of protecting mode locking of the absorption mirror by using a semiconductor, and the output ultra-short pulse sequence has the corresponding parameters: the center wavelength is 1.04 mu m, the full width at half maximum of the spectrum is 16nm, the repetition frequency is 45MHz, and an ultrashort pulse sequence A with the average power of 20W can be output after two-stage pre-amplification. Directly injecting a grating pair consisting of a first transmission grating 8 and a second transmission grating 9, wherein the first transmission grating 8 and the second transmission grating 9 are placed in parallel, the second transmission grating 9 is installed on a precise adjustable displacement platform, the grating pair interval can be flexibly controlled, a pulse sequence is turned back downwards through an angular reflector 10, is reduced by a certain height, returns again and penetrates through the grating pair, and finally is reflected by a first plane reflector 7 at an angle of 45 degrees and then penetrates through an optical isolator 11, and a pre-chirped pulse B is output;
the linear polarization pre-chirped pulse B is rotated in the polarization direction by a first half-wave plate 12, forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction, and is spatially divided into two pulses with equal energy and orthogonal polarization by a first polarization beam splitter 13. One of the pulses C directly penetrates through the first polarization beam splitter 13 and enters the optical fiber amplifier and optical fiber amplifier module and the pulse beam combiner module 4 after being incident to the third plane reflector 17, the other pulse is reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 13, is rotated into circularly polarized light through the first quarter-wave plate 14 and then returns through the second plane reflector 15 in the original path, passes through the first quarter-wave plate 14 for the second time, and is rotated by 90 degrees in the polarization direction and then penetrates through the first polarization beam splitter 13 to become a pulse D which enters the optical fiber amplifier and optical fiber amplifier module and the pulse beam combiner module 4.
The polarization direction of the pulse C is converted into circular polarization after passing through the second quarter-wave plate 18, so that the peak power of the amplified pulse can be effectively improved, and the peak power can be generally improved to 1.5 times of the linear polarization pulse energy. And then coupled into a first rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber 20 through a first plano-convex lens 19. The pump light output by the first diode pump laser source 22 is coupled into the cladding of the first rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber 20 through the third plano-convex lens 23, the fourth plane mirror 24, the first dichroic mirror 25 and the second plano-convex lens 21 to provide gain. The first dichroic mirror 25 is configured to spatially separate the amplified pulse from the pump light, and the separated pulse E passes through the third quarter-wave plate 26, then is changed into linearly polarized light, passes through the fifth plane mirror 27, and then is transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter 38. The process of pulse F is similar to that of pulse E and is not described in detail here. The only difference is that since the pulse F has the same polarization direction as the pulse E after passing through the fifth quarter wave plate 36, a second half wave plate 37 is added to rotate the polarization direction of the pulse F by 90 degrees and then enter the second polarization beam splitter 38 for reflection.
The orthogonal polarization pulses E and F are respectively incident on two surfaces of the second polarization beam splitter 38 and are combined to output a combined pulse G, and a small amount of the combined pulse G leaks from the fourth surface of the second polarization beam splitter 38 due to device factors.
The time delay adjusting module can monitor the phase information of the light beam output by the beam combiner module, and feeds the phase information back to the beam splitter module after certain processing to adjust the time delay and improve the combining efficiency. The time delay adjusting module also has strong expansibility, and different modes can be used along with the increase of the number of the synthesis paths. The method used by the time delay adjusting module can be selected from the following methods:
couillaud (hc) method, single detector electronic frequency tagging (LOCSET), random parallel gradient descent algorithm locking (SPGD) and reinforcement learning locking method. In this example use
The couillaud (hc) method is for convenience of illustration, and the phase control precision is the highest, but the phase locking method of the present invention does not only include the above four active phase locking methods.
As indicated above, the time delay adjustment module in this embodiment is based on
A Couillad (HC) method, in which the synthesized pulse G reflects a small amount of light into the monitoring end of the time delay adjustment module 5 through the first window sheet 39, and the separated small amount of pulse light passes throughThe sixth quarter wave plate 40 enters the third polarization beam splitter 41 and is split into two beams, one beam enters one input end of the balanced photodetector 43, and the other beam enters the other input end of the balanced photodetector 43 after being reflected by the seventh plane mirror 42. The balanced photodetector 43 converts the two input end pulse light signals into electric signals and then performs differential processing, the differential signals are related to the phase difference of the two input end pulses before synthesis, namely the phase difference of the two input end pulses before the second polarization beam splitter 38, the signals are transmitted to the high-speed servo controller 44 as error signals, the high-speed servo controller 44 can output electric signals for compensating the error signals through integral differential processing, the electric signals can reach the working voltage of the first piezoelectric ceramic 16 after passing through the voltage amplifier 45, and the first piezoelectric ceramic 16 receives the voltage signals to change the optical path of the pulse D so as to compensate the phase difference of the two input end pulses. Therefore, the purpose of compensating the pulse D time delay is achieved, and the synthesis efficiency is the highest.
The output composite pulse sequence G is reflected by the eighth plane mirror 46, and then reflected for a plurality of times between the first chirped mirror 47 and the second chirped mirror 48 to realize the dispersion compensation function, and the reflection times are determined according to the dispersion quantity required to be compensated, namely beta'2＝n×β2Of which is beta'2For the second-order dispersion to be compensated after amplification, n is the number of reflections, beta2The amount of chromatic dispersion provided for a single chip chirped mirror. After dispersion compensation, the obtained>500W，<A high power ultrashort femtosecond pulse H of 50 fs.
In the embodiment, by combining the characteristic that the pre-chirped amplification technology directly generates the sub-fifty femtosecond pulses and the advantage of the coherent synthesis technology, the ultra-short pulse output with the average power of five hundred watts and the pulse width of less than 50fs can be realized by respectively amplifying and re-coherent synthesizing two rod-shaped optical fibers. The invention is beneficial to improving the power level of the fiber laser and simultaneously expanding the application field of the fiber laser.
Example 2
This embodiment is used to illustrate the development of the pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplifying apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing that the amplification device for coherent synthesis of femtosecond pulse laser based on pre-chirp management has strong expansibility. Compared with the coherent synthesis technology of the two-path pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse, the part only increases more channels. Accordingly, the output power of the femtosecond pulse front-end module needs to be increased, and at least the output power of 4/5 multiplied by the number of channels is generally needed. The pre-chirp management module adds pre-chirp to the front-end output pulse. The beam splitter module achieves the aim of averagely dividing the pulse into several paths only by connecting a plurality of beam splitter devices in parallel, the main amplifier part is the same as the main amplifier part, the beam combiner module and the beam splitter module are symmetrically arranged to complete the beam combining process, and finally the beam combiner module enters the compressor module, wherein the time delay adjusting module is used for adjusting the phase information during beam combining.
Through measurement and calculation, the threshold values of different gain fibers are different, the output power of a single-channel large-mode-field rod-shaped photonic crystal fiber can reach 250W generally, the total output power of the channel number multiplied by 250W can be theoretically reached along with the increase of the number of parallel channels, but the final output power is smaller than the power due to the increase of loss of each part and the difficulty of phase control, and the final output power is far higher than the output power of a single rod-shaped fiber in any way.
The embodiment fully combines the advantages of the pre-chirp management amplification technology and the coherent synthesis technology, and utilizes a plurality of rod-shaped photonic crystal gain optical fiber amplifiers to break through various power limitations of a single rod-shaped optical fiber amplifier and obtain pulses shorter than the chirp pulse amplification technology, and finally two-path coherent synthesis can obtain ultra-short femtosecond pulses with the average power of five hundred watt and sub 50 fs.
Although the present invention has been described to a certain extent, it is apparent that appropriate changes in the respective conditions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but is to be accorded the scope consistent with the claims, including equivalents of each element described.
Claims (10)
1. A pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification device, characterized in that the device comprises: the system comprises a femtosecond laser front-end module, a pre-chirp management module, a pulse beam splitter module, an optical fiber amplifier module, a pulse beam combiner module, a pulse compression module and a time delay adjustment module; wherein:
the input end of the pre-chirp management module is connected with the output end of the femtosecond laser front-end module, and the femtosecond laser front-end module is used for outputting an ultrashort pulse sequence;
the input end of the pulse beam splitter module is connected with the output end of the pre-chirp management module, and the pre-chirp management module is used for adjusting the chirp quantity of input pulses;
the input end of the optical fiber amplifier module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam splitter module, and the pulse beam splitter module is used for spatially splitting a single pulse into a plurality of pulses;
the input end of the pulse beam combiner module is connected with the output end of the optical fiber amplifier module, and the optical fiber amplifier module is used for broadening a spectrum of the pulse output by the beam splitter module by utilizing a nonlinear effect and amplifying the power of the pulse;
the input end of the pulse compression module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam combiner module, and the pulse beam combiner module is used for combining a plurality of beams of pulses into one beam;
the output end of the pulse compression module outputs compressed pulses, and the pulse compression module is used for performing dispersion compensation on the pulses output from the output end of the pulse beam combiner module;
the monitoring end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the output end of the pulse beam combiner module and is used for monitoring the phase delay of the multipath pulse time;
and the braking end of the time delay adjusting module is connected with the pulse beam splitter module and is used for compensating an error signal at the monitoring end of the time delay adjusting module and carrying out active phase feedback locking.
2. The pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification device according to claim 1, wherein the femtosecond laser front-end module is a fiber laser or a solid-state laser, preferably an ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator or a ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier;
preferably, the femtosecond laser front-end module outputs a femtosecond pulse sequence with the average power of 5-20W, wherein the average power is preferably 5-16W, and more preferably 10-16W;
the central wavelength range of an ultrashort pulse sequence emitted by an oscillator in the femtosecond laser front-end module is 1-1.06 mu m, and the most preferable wavelength range is 1.04 mu m;
more preferably, the femtosecond laser front-end module is a fiber laser oscillator including a mode-locked laser oscillator, and the mode-locked mode of the fiber laser oscillator is preferably selected from one or more of the following modes: a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, a nonlinear polarization rotating, nonlinear optical ring mirror;
further preferably, the mode-locked fiber laser oscillator is an ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator capable of protecting mode locking of the absorption mirror based on a semiconductor.
3. The pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pre-chirp management module comprises a dispersion regulation and control device;
preferably, the dispersion regulating device is a grating pair and/or a prism pair, and more preferably a grating pair;
more preferably, the pre-chirp management module further comprises a first plane mirror, an angular mirror and an optical isolator; the ultra-short pulse sequence emitted by the femtosecond laser front-end module is emitted to the dispersion regulation and control device without blocking, then is reflected back by the angular reflector and reduced in height, then penetrates through the dispersion regulation and control device again, is reflected on the first plane reflector, and then penetrates through the optical isolator to output the pre-chirped pulse.
4. The pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulsed laser coherent synthesis amplification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pulse beam splitter module comprises a first half wave plate, a first polarization beam splitter, a first quarter wave plate and a second plane mirror.
5. The pre-chirped management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the optical fiber amplifier module comprises two or more rod-shaped optical fiber amplifier optical paths;
more preferably, the rod-shaped fiber amplifier is selected from one or more of the following: the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber, the double-cladding gain fiber and the disc-shaped gain fiber are preferably selected, and the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber and the double-cladding gain fiber are most preferably selected;
further preferably, the diameter of the core of the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber is 40-100 μm, and preferably 85 μm; and/or the length of the rod-shaped photonic crystal gain fiber is 60-120 cm, preferably 80 cm.
6. The pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulsed laser coherent synthesis amplification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pulse beam splitter module comprises a pulse beam splitting device selected from a polarizing beam splitting prism and/or a thin film polarizer;
preferably, the pulse beam splitting device is a thin film polarizer, and the pulses are spatially separated by using the difference of reflectivity and transmissivity of the thin film polarizer to the pulses with different polarization directions.
7. The pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulsed laser coherent synthesis amplification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pulse beam combiner module comprises a pulse beam combining device selected from a polarization beam splitting prism and/or a thin film polarizer;
preferably, the pulse beam combining device is a thin film polarizer, and the pulses are spatially separated by using the difference of reflectivity and transmissivity of the thin film polarizer to the pulses with different polarization directions.
8. The pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the time delay adjustment module monitors and processes phase information of the output beam of the pulse beam combiner module by using an active phase control method;
preferably, the active phase control method is selected from one or more of:
the method comprises a single detector electronic frequency tag technology, a random parallel gradient descent algorithm locking technology and a reinforcement learning locking method.
9. The pre-chirped managed femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pulse compression module comprises a dispersion compensation device;
preferably, the dispersion compensation device is selected from a grating pair, a prism pair or a chirped mirror;
more preferably, the pulse compression module includes an eighth plane mirror, a first chirped mirror, and a second chirped mirror.
10. A pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification system, characterized in that the pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification system comprises the pre-chirp management femtosecond pulse laser coherent synthesis amplification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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