CN114440120A - 用于填充加压气体储罐的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于填充加压气体储罐的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114440120A
CN114440120A CN202111203163.6A CN202111203163A CN114440120A CN 114440120 A CN114440120 A CN 114440120A CN 202111203163 A CN202111203163 A CN 202111203163A CN 114440120 A CN114440120 A CN 114440120A
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China
Prior art keywords
buffer storage
storage tank
compressor
pressure
tank
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CN202111203163.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
E·韦尔伦
C·德维利耶
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of CN114440120A publication Critical patent/CN114440120A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
    • F17D1/065—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours
    • F17D1/07—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours by compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0146—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels with details of the manifold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/035—Flow reducers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0364—Pipes flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0367—Arrangements in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于填充加压气体储罐的装置，该加压气体储罐特别是机动车辆的氢气储罐，该装置包括至少一个气体源和包括连接到源的至少一个上游端和可移除地连接到待填充的储罐的至少一个下游分配端的输送回路，该装置包括经一组相应的连接阀在上游端和下游端之间并联连接到输送回路的一组缓冲储存罐，回路还包括具有经由上游阀连接到回路的上游端的吸入口的压缩机，该压缩机包括经由一组排放阀连接到缓冲储存罐的排放出口，回路包括将回路的上游端连接到缓冲储存罐的平衡管线，平衡管线包括限流构件并且配置为允许通过压力平衡将流体流从源输送到缓冲储存罐。本发明还涉及一种使用根据前述装置来填充加压气体储罐的方法。

Description

用于填充加压气体储罐的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于填充加压气体储罐的装置和方法。
本发明更具体地涉及一种用于填充加压气体储罐、特别是机动车辆的氢气储罐的装置，该装置包括至少一个气体源、输送回路，该输送回路包括连接到气体源的至少一个上游端和适于可移除地连接到待填充储罐的至少一个下游分配端，该装置包括一组缓冲储存罐，该缓冲储存罐通过一组相应的连接阀在上游端和下游端之间并联连接到输送回路，输送回路还包括至少一个压缩机，压缩机具有通过至少一个上游阀连接到回路的上游端的吸入口，压缩机包括通过一组排放阀连接到缓冲储存罐的排放出口。
背景技术
这种填充站通常设置有一组固定的缓冲储存罐，这些缓冲储存罐由源(通常是可运输的并且典型地是承载大型高压储存罐的半挂车)和/或使用一个或多个压缩机填充。
当气体源的压力高于缓冲储存罐的压力时，不可能或不希望通过压缩机将气体从气体源输送到缓冲储存罐。如果在压缩机的吸入口施加的压力比在排放出口施加的压力高，则存在压缩机的阀将打开并引起颤动的风险，这将导致它们的迅速损坏。此外，管道中存在输送过快和速度过高的风险。
优化正排量压缩机的使用来提高站的性能导致当源处于低压时，在压缩机的吸入口使用某些缓冲储存罐。通过这种类型的操作，已经观察到：当源即将结束使用时，某些缓冲储存罐的压力相对较低。更换源后(用满的换掉空的)，可能会出现源的压力高于某些缓冲储存罐的情况。这禁止使用这些缓冲储存罐，直到源的压力下降到足以允许通过压缩机输送到这些缓冲储存罐。高压源(300巴、450巴或650巴或更高)尤其如此。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是克服现有技术的所有或一些上述缺点。
为此，在其他方面符合上述前序部分中提供的一般定义的根据本发明的装置的主要特征在于，该回路包括将该回路的至少一个上游端连接到缓冲储存罐的平衡管线，所述平衡管线包括限流构件并且被配置为允许通过压力平衡将流体流从源输送到缓冲储存罐。
通过安装校准孔或等同物(即，对流体的通过产生约束以限制其流量的元件，例如，小直径管或调节针阀)和可选的控制阀，本发明允许气体从源安全地输送到缓冲储存罐。因此，当压差不合适时，可以避免通过压缩机的输送。
该回路优选设有(一个或多个)止回阀。可对回路的阀进行控制以便引导流过这些限流构件，从而使得当源中的压力相对较高时将氢输送到缓冲储存罐。
因此，当吸入压力高于排放压力时，可以禁止和避免使用压缩机来填充缓冲储存罐。
此外，本发明的实施例可包括以下特征中的一者或多者:
-压缩机的吸入口也通过一组吸入阀连接到缓冲储存罐；
-平衡管线各自包括单独的部分，所述单独的部分由将该压缩机的吸入口经由一组吸入阀连接到所述缓冲储存罐的回路部分的至少一部分构成；
-平衡管线各自包括与限流构件串联的隔离阀和/或止回阀；
-该源包括以下至少一者:一个或多个加压气体储存罐，特别是移动储存罐；加压气体网络；与加热器和/或泵相关联的液化气体储存罐；和电解器；
-该装置包括多个缓冲储存罐，所述多个缓冲储存器经由相应的平衡管线和相应的限流构件并联地连接到所述至少一个上游端；
-缓冲储存罐经由相应的下游管线和相应的连接阀并联地连接至所述至少一个下游端；
-压缩机的吸入口通过各自单独的吸入管线连接到每个缓冲储存罐，所述吸入管线各自均包括吸入阀；
-该输送回路包括多个独立的下游分配端；
-该输送回路包括并联连接到所述气体源的多个上游端和配置为选择供应所述输送回路的一个或多个气体源的一组受控阀。
本发明还涉及一种使用根据以上或以下任何一个特征的装置来填充加压气体储罐，特别是机动车辆的氢气储罐的方法，该方法包括通过压力平衡而经由平衡管线和限流构件将加压气体从气体源输送至待填充的缓冲储存罐的步骤。
根据一个可能的特定特征，该方法包括将所述气体源的压力与所述待填充的缓冲储存罐的压力进行比较的步骤，并且当所述气体源的压力比所述待填充的缓冲储存罐的压力高一预定值时，通过压力平衡而经由平衡管线和限流构件将加压气体从所述气体源输送到所述待填充的缓冲储存罐，并且当所述气体源的压力低于所述待填充的缓冲储存罐的压力时(其中存在预定的压力公差)，经由所述压缩机将所述加压气体从所述气体源输送到所述缓冲储存罐，所述预定的压力公差优选小于10MPa。
本发明还可涉及落在权利要求的范围内的、包括以上或以下特征的任何组合的任何替代设备或方法。
附图说明
通过阅读下面参照附图给出的描述，进一步的具体特征和优点将变得显而易见，其中:
图1是示出根据本发明的装置的结构和操作的一个示例的局部示意图。
具体实施方式
图示的用于填充加压气体储罐的装置1例如是用于填充机动车辆的氢气储罐的站。
装置1包括至少一个气体源2和至少一个输送回路3，输送回路3包括至少一个连接到气体源2的上游端122和至少一个适于可移除地连接到待填充的储罐5的下游分配端4(例如经由设置有喷嘴的柔性软管可移除地连接到待填充的储罐5的下游分配端4)。
源2通常包括一个或多个加压气体储存罐，特别是移动储存罐(例如安装在半挂车上的移动储存罐)。当然，可以设想任何其他类型的源(加压气体网络、与加热器和/或泵相关联的液化气体储存罐、电解槽等)。
此外，可以提供多个源2，并且所述多个源2可并联连接到上游端122或连接到输送回路的多个单独的上游端122。装置1优选地被配置为在并联连接的多个填充气体源之间进行选择。
例如，数个移动储存罐(挂车)或同一移动储存罐的数个隔室可连接到压缩机的吸入口或者可用于经由一组适当的阀进行的至缓冲储存罐的输送。
装置1包括一组缓冲储存罐6、7、8，它们通过一组相应的连接阀16、17、18；26、27、28在上游端和下游端之间并联连接到输送回路3。在该示例中，示出了三个缓冲储存罐6、7、8，但是可以设想仅一个、两个或多于三个的缓冲储存罐。优选地，这些缓冲储存罐6、7、8是固定的或静止的。
输送回路3还包括压缩机9，压缩机9设置有通过至少一个上游阀10连接到回路3的上游端的吸入口。换句话说，可以向压缩机9供应直接来自源2的气体。
压缩机9的这个吸入口也可以通过一组相应的吸入阀36、37、38连接到缓冲储存罐6、7、8。换句话说，可以向压缩机9供应来自缓冲储存罐6、7、8的气体。例如，压缩机9的吸入口通过各自独立的吸入管线连接到每个缓冲储存罐6、7、8，这些吸入管线各自包括一个吸入阀36、37、38。
压缩机9包括通过一组相应的阀46、47、48连接到缓冲储存罐6、7、8的压缩气体排放出口。换句话说，压缩机可以填充缓冲储存罐6、7、8。
缓冲储存罐6、7、8并联连接到下游端4。这使得例如通过压力平衡(特别是使用级联原理)来填充储罐5成为可能。例如，缓冲储存罐6、7、8经由相应的下游管线和相应的连接阀16、17、18；26、27、28并联连接至下游端4，从而允许每个下游端4均能由任何一个缓冲储存罐供应(可选地每个下游端4甚至能由多于一个的缓冲储存罐同时供应)。
同样，优选地，压缩机9的排放出口也可以连接到回路的下游端4，以便将加压气体直接输送到储罐5中(可选地与缓冲储存罐6、7、8的输送同时进行)。
回路3还包括将回路3的上游端122连接到缓冲储存罐6、7、8的平衡管线11、12、13。这些平衡管线11、12、13包括限流构件21、22、23(校准孔或其他构件)，并且被配置成允许(在不经过压缩机9的情况下)通过压力平衡将流体流从源2直接输送到缓冲储存罐6、7、8。
如图所示，平衡管线11、12、13优选地各自包括单独的、由回路3的将压缩机9的吸入口经由一组吸入阀连接到缓冲储存罐6、7、8的那部分回路的至少一部分构成的部分。例如，专用管线并联连接到回路3的上游端122。
如图所示，与缓冲储存罐相关联的每个平衡管线11、12、13可以包括与相应限流构件串联的相应隔离阀31、32、33和/或相应止回阀14。
当然，作为变型，这些构件的全部或一部分可以在回路的对于平衡管线11、12、13而言所共用的部分中共享。
这种布置使得当源2的压力高于待填充的所述缓冲储存罐的压力时，可以通过与源2的压力平衡来填充缓冲储存罐6、7、8。当源2的压力等于或接近待填充的缓冲储存罐的压力时，可以使用压缩机9进行输送和填充。
因此，当可运输的源2中的压力高于所讨论的缓冲储存罐的压力时，缓冲储存罐6、7、8的填充可以使用专用平衡管线11、12、13，并且当可运输的源2中的压力接近或低于缓冲储存罐6、7、8的压力时，使用通过压缩机9的输送。
例如，当源2的压力低于待填充的缓冲储存罐的压力时(其中存在预定的压力公差)，通过压缩机9进行输送，其中，该预定的压力公差优选小于10MPa(100巴)，例如小于或等于1MPa(10巴)。换句话说，如果例如源处于30MPa(300巴)并且缓冲储存罐处于大于29MPa(290巴)的压力，压缩机9可以用于源2和缓冲储存罐之间的输送。
平衡管线11、12、13中的限流构件21、22、23的存在防止了压力过度突然升高。在平衡管线11、12、13中存在止回阀是一个优选的实施例，其可以防止流体返回压缩机9。
这些输送中的所有或一部分输送可以自动化，例如通过使用受控阀。
如果需要进行各种优化，可以将该逻辑与其他标准相结合，以控制站内的气体输送。
这种架构和使用使得例如在不使用该装置的模式期间(不填充储罐5)和/或在填充储罐5期间可以安全地填充缓冲储存罐(如果适用的话)。以这种方式填充的缓冲储存罐可以用于在填充储罐5的过程中输送加压气体。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于填充加压气体储罐的装置，该加压气体储罐特别是机动车辆的氢气储罐，该装置(1)包括至少一个气体源(2)和输送回路(3)，该输送回路包括连接到气体源(2)的至少一个上游端(122)和适于可移除地连接到待填充的储罐(5)的至少一个下游分配端(4)，该装置(1)包括一组缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)，该一组缓冲储存罐经由一组相应的连接阀(16、17、18；26、27、28)在所述上游端和所述下游端之间并联地连接到所述输送回路(3)，所述输送回路(3)还包括至少一个压缩机(9)，所述压缩机(9)具有经由至少一个上游阀(10)连接到所述输送回路(3)的上游端的吸入口，所述压缩机(9)包括经由一组排放阀(46、47、48)连接到所述缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)的排放出口，其特征在于，所述输送回路(3)包括将所述输送回路(3)的所述至少一个上游端(122)连接到所述缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)的平衡管线(11、12、13)，所述平衡管线(11、12、13)包括限流构件(21、22、23)并且配置为允许通过压力平衡将流体流从所述气体源(2)输送到所述缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述压缩机的吸入口还经由一组吸入阀(36、37、38)连接到所述缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述平衡管线(11、12、13)各自包括单独的部分，所述单独的部分由将该压缩机(9)的吸入口经由一组吸入阀(36、37、38)连接到所述缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)的输送回路(3)的至少一部分构成。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述平衡管线(11、12、13)各自包括与所述限流构件(21、22、23)串联的隔离阀(31、32、33)和/或止回阀(14)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述气体源(2)包括以下中的至少一者：一个或多个加压气体储存罐，特别是移动储存罐；加压气体网络；与加热器和/或泵相关联的液化气体储存罐；和电解器。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括多个缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)，所述多个缓冲储存器经由相应的平衡管线(11、12、13)和相应的限流构件(21、22、23)并联地连接至所述至少一个上游端(122)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)经由相应的下游管线和相应的连接阀(16、17、18；26、27、28)并联地连接至所述至少一个下游端(4)。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的装置，其特征在于，每个所述缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)经由单独的吸入管线连接到所述压缩机(9)的吸入口，所述吸入管线各自均包括吸入阀(36、37、38)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该输送回路(3)包括多个独立的下游分配端(4)。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该输送回路(3)包括并联地连接到所述气体源(2)的多个上游端(122)和配置为选择供应所述输送回路(3)的一个或多个气体源(2)的一组受控阀。
11.使用根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置来填充加压气体储罐(5)的方法，该加压气体储罐特别是机动车辆的氢气储罐，该方法包括经由压缩机(9)和/或通过压力平衡而经由平衡管线(11、12、13)和限流构件(21、22、23)将加压气体从气体源(2)输送至待填充的缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)的步骤。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括将所述气体源(2)的压力与所述待填充的缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)的压力进行比较的步骤，当所述气体源(2)的压力比所述待填充的缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)的压力高一预定值时，通过压力平衡而经由平衡管线(11、12、13)和限流构件(21、22、23)将加压气体从所述气体源(2)输送到所述待填充的缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)，并且当所述气体源(2)的压力在存在预定的压力公差的情况下低于所述待填充的缓冲储存罐的压力时，经由所述压缩机(9)将加压气体从所述气体源(2)输送到所述缓冲储存罐(6、7、8)，所述预定的压力公差优选小于10MPa。
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