CN114438611A - 仿生并列复合纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种仿生并列复合纤维及其制备方法。该仿生并列复合纤维包括纤维本体,纤维本体的中部设置有第一并列复合体和第二并列复合体,第一并列复合体和第二并列复合体间隔设置有若干个三维卷曲,三维卷曲将第一并列复合体和第二并列复合体分隔形成若干个气腔,气腔的中部设置有沿纤维本体的长度方向延伸的纤维芯体,纤维芯体的两端与三维卷曲连接。根据本发明的仿生并列复合纤维,通过采用并列式三维空间卷曲,防止气体逸出,从而提高纤维的保暖性能,同时使其不易变形。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维,特别涉及一种仿生并列复合纤维及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着生活品质的提高,人们功能纤维的性能要求越来越高,如舒适性、排汗性、保暖性、透气性等。而目前市面上这些功能纤维的性能还远未达到人们的要求。
中空纤维由于其特殊的结构被广泛用作于保暖织物。如图1所示,纤维本体中部设有中空部,因此纤维呈空心圆柱状,外层为聚酯纤维熔体凝固所组成的圆柱壳,内层为气体组成的空心圆柱。由于内层气体较外层纤维具有较好的隔热性,所以中空纤维具有较好的保暖性能。然而由于空心圆柱中储存的气体未被封闭,其易从纤维圆柱底面逸出,尤其在受到挤压时,气体从中空纤维中大量逃逸,使中空纤维的保温性能大幅下降。
另一方面,中空纤维在经长久使用和搓洗后易变形,使织物失去原有的形状,使其失去原有的美观性,因此,中空纤维多作为填充物使用。所以,需要进一步改善中空纤维在保暖的同时,还需要使其不易变形。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的在于,提供一种仿生并列复合纤维及其制备方法,能够有效避免气体的逸出,提高纤维的保暖性能,同时不易变形。
为实现上述目的,根据本发明的第一方面,仿生并列复合纤维包括纤维本体,纤维本体的中部设置有第一并列复合体和第二并列复合体,第一并列复合体和第二并列复合体间隔设置有若干个三维卷曲,三维卷曲将第一并列复合体和第二并列复合体分隔形成若干个气腔,气腔的中部设置有沿纤维本体的长度方向延伸的纤维芯体,纤维芯体的两端与三维卷曲连接。
优选地,纤维本体、纤维芯体和三维卷曲由聚合物熔体凝固而成。
优选地,聚合物熔体为涤纶、尼龙和丙纶中的任一项,气腔内储存有气体。
优选地,聚合物熔体为涤纶、尼龙和丙纶中任一项的聚合物改性材料,气腔内储存有气体。
根据本发明的第二方面,仿生并列复合纤维的制备方法用于制备上述第一方面的仿生并列复合纤维,其包括:聚合物熔体通入步骤,其以持续通入的方式将聚合物熔体通入喷丝装置的喷丝部;压缩空气通入步骤,其以间歇通入的方式将压缩空气通入所述喷丝装置的供气部。
根据本发明的仿生并列复合纤维,由于采用了并列式气腔,大幅提高了三维卷曲纤维的中空率,使其具有较好的蓬松性以及回弹性,从而提高纤维的保暖性能;纤维芯体增强了气腔在沿纤维长度方向上的抗变形强度,保证三维卷曲纤维的保暖性的同时使三维卷曲纤维更加有形,不易变形,使三维卷曲纤维可以制作外套等较硬衣料。
附图说明
图1为现有的中空纤维的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的仿生并列复合纤维的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细地说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图2所示,本发明的仿生并列复合纤维,包括纤维本体10,纤维本体10的中部设置有第一并列复合体和第二并列复合体,该第一并列复合体和该第二并列复合体间隔设置有若干个三维卷曲20,三维卷曲20将上述第一并列复合体和上述第二并列复合体分隔形成若干个气腔21,气腔21的中部设置有沿纤维本体10的长度方向延伸的纤维芯体11,纤维芯体11的两端与三维卷曲20连接,气腔21的横截面呈圆环状。
需要说明的是,以上说明了设置有两个并列复合体的情况,但也可以设置三个或三个以上的并列复合体,并列复合体的数量不作限制。
纤维本体10、纤维芯体11和三维卷曲20由聚合物熔体凝固而成。
上述聚合物熔体可以为涤纶、丙纶、锦纶,气腔21内储存有气体。聚合物熔体选择涤纶。涤纶耐化学性能良好,不怕霉菌和虫蛀;耐热性好,具有热塑性;弹性恢复能力好,其织物坚牢耐用、抗皱免烫;耐光性好,与腈纶面料相当,原料却比腈纶便宜。气体选用压缩空气。相对于如氮气、氧气、氦气等的其他气体,压缩空气的制备成本低廉,且无原料获取成本,其还具有相对较好的稳定性,不易在纤维的制备与使用过程中产生爆炸等危险事故。压缩空气的制备采用空气压缩机,空气压缩机将空气压缩成具有一定压力的气流,经气管后实现吹气的功能。
作为本发明的制备仿生并列复合纤维的方法,采用喷丝装置,将聚合物熔体通过熔体流道持续通入包括喷丝孔和入料管在内的喷丝部内,将压缩空气间歇通入包括气体流道与气管在内的供气部内。通入喷丝孔内的聚合物熔体形成纤维本体10,通入入料管内的聚合物熔体形成纤维芯体11,间歇通入气管的气体,使纤维本体内形成气腔21。这里的将压缩空气间歇通入气体流道与气管内,是指在一段时间内通气与停止通气不间断地交替进行。
如上所述,参照附图对本发明的示例性具体实施方式进行了详细的说明。应当了解,本发明并非意在使这些具体细节来构成对本发明保护范围的限制。在不背离根据本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可对示例性具体实施方式的结构和特征进行等同或类似的改变,这些改变将也落在本发明所附的权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种仿生并列复合纤维,其特征在于,包括纤维本体,所述纤维本体的中部设置有第一并列复合体和第二并列复合体,所述第一并列复合体和所述第二并列复合体间隔设置有若干个三维卷曲,所述三维卷曲将所述第一并列复合体和所述第二并列复合体分隔形成若干个气腔,所述气腔的中部设置有沿所述纤维本体的长度方向延伸的纤维芯体,所述纤维芯体的两端与所述三维卷曲连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的仿生并列复合纤维,其特征在于,所述纤维本体、所述纤维芯体和所述三维卷曲由聚合物熔体凝固而成。
3.如权利要求2所述的仿生并列复合纤维,其特征在于,所述聚合物熔体为涤纶、尼龙和丙纶中的任一项,所述气腔内储存有气体。
4.如权利要求2所述的仿生并列复合纤维,其特征在于,所述聚合物熔体为涤纶、尼龙和丙纶中任一项的聚合物改性材料,所述气腔内储存有气体。
5.一种仿生并列复合纤维的制备方法,用于制备权利要求1所述的仿生并列复合纤维,其特征在于,包括:
聚合物熔体通入步骤,其以持续通入的方式将聚合物熔体通入喷丝装置的喷丝部;
压缩空气通入步骤,其以间歇通入的方式将压缩空气通入所述喷丝装置的供气部。
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