CN114434719A - 一种聚氨酯弹性垫板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚氨酯弹性垫板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114434719A
CN114434719A CN202210146955.2A CN202210146955A CN114434719A CN 114434719 A CN114434719 A CN 114434719A CN 202210146955 A CN202210146955 A CN 202210146955A CN 114434719 A CN114434719 A CN 114434719A
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mould
polyurethane
raw material
polyurethane elastic
pouring
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CN114434719B (zh
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刘志
张勇
张彬
赵微微
贾彤珺
于毫勇
肖俊恒
张松琦
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Beijing Tieke Shougang Rail Tech Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/08—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using several expanding or moulding steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
    • B29C33/60—Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/1266—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being completely encapsulated, e.g. for packaging purposes or as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
    • B29C44/38—Feeding the material to be shaped into a closed space, i.e. to make articles of definite length
    • B29C44/40—Feeding the material to be shaped into a closed space, i.e. to make articles of definite length by gravity, e.g. by casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B32B5/20—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material foamed in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2071/00—Use of polyethers, e.g. PEEK, i.e. polyether-etherketone or PEK, i.e. polyetherketone or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚氨酯弹性垫板及其制备方法，该制备方法包括以下步骤：S1)制备及预热聚氨酯发泡原料；S2)向模具中第一次浇注聚氨酯发泡原料并自由发泡熟化5‑15min；S3)向模具中浇注剩余量的聚氨酯发泡原料，并在浇注完成后的5min内将连接层铺于模具内并嵌入第二层未发泡的聚氨酯发泡原料内，同时将模具上盖盖合在模具上合模；S4)合模5‑15min后，脱模取出产品。该制备方法所制得的聚氨酯弹性垫板设备投入低、技术操作简单、尺寸和质量稳定，连接层嵌入牢固不易剥离。

Description

一种聚氨酯弹性垫板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及铁路工务技术领域，具体地涉及一种聚氨酯弹性垫板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前该种弹性垫板的制备方法主要有两种：
一种是采用连续发泡工艺，将树脂浇注在宽度1米以上的层压机或钢带机上，在树脂未固化前，将连接层铺于物料上，待物料发泡固化完全后，形成一个整体，再切割成需要的尺寸，该种方法生产设备复杂，价格昂贵，尺寸不能控制，需要后期再加工进行裁切，对树脂要求较高，需要在较短的时间内流平，技术难度大，树脂要求高，价格也相对较高；
另一种是先将垫板在模具中浇注发泡成型后，再将连接层通过胶黏剂粘在垫板上，该种方法操作简单，且质量和尺寸容易控制，但采用粘接的方法，连接层仅靠胶黏剂粘接，非嵌入式的整体结构，连接层容易剥离，影响使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种聚氨酯弹性垫板及其制备方法，该制备方法所制得的聚氨酯弹性垫板设备投入低、技术操作简单、尺寸和质量稳定，连接层嵌入牢固不易剥离。
为了实现上述目的，本发明一方面提供了一种聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，该制备方法包括以下步骤：S1)制备及预热聚氨酯发泡原料；S2)向模具中第一次浇注聚氨酯发泡原料并自由发泡熟化5-15min；S3)向模具中浇注剩余量的聚氨酯发泡原料，并在浇注完成后的5min内将连接层铺于模具内并嵌入第二层未发泡的聚氨酯发泡原料内，同时将模具上盖盖合在模具上合模；S4)合模5-15min后，脱模取出产品。
优选地，在步骤S1)中，将异氰酸酯组分和聚醚多元醇组分按照混合比50-100：100混合后在工作罐中预热至35-45℃，形成待使用的聚氨酯发泡原料。
优选地，在步骤S2)中，向模具中浇注60-80％的聚氨酯发泡原料并自由发泡熟化5-15min。
优选地，在步骤S2)进行浇注之前，向模具中喷涂脱模剂，并将模具预热至50-80℃。
优选地，模具设置有多个，且可以通过切换装置切换使用，其中待用的模具设置在预热装置中进行预热。
优选地，预热装置的前端还设置有喷涂装置，所述喷涂装置用于向待预热的模具内喷涂脱模剂。
优选地，在步骤S2)和步骤S3)中，聚氨酯发泡原料的浇注量为100-250g/s，浇注压力为120-180bar。
优选地，所述聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法还包括将脱模后的产品通过履带机或钢带机传输至下一个工序。
优选地，所述履带机或钢带机的宽度不小于2000mm。
本发明另一方面提供了一种聚氨酯弹性垫板，该聚氨酯弹性垫板由所述制备方法制得。
根据上述技术方案，本发明中的制备方法所制得的聚氨酯弹性垫板设备投入低、技术操作简单、尺寸和质量稳定，连接层嵌入牢固不易剥离。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备状态图；
图2是聚氨酯弹性垫板产品图。
附图标记说明
1-模具；2-第一层弹性层；3-第二层弹性层；4-连接层；5-模具上盖；6-弹性层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
在本发明中，在未作相反说明的情况下，“上下左右、前后内外”等包含在术语中的方位词仅代表该术语在常规使用状态下的方位，或为本领域技术人员理解的俗称，而不应视为对该术语的限制。
参见图1所示的聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备状态，该制备方法包括以下步骤：S1)制备及预热聚氨酯发泡原料；S2)向模具1中第一次浇注聚氨酯发泡原料并自由发泡熟化5-15min；S3)向模具1中浇注剩余量的聚氨酯发泡原料，并在浇注完成后的5min内将连接层4铺于模具1内并嵌入第二层未发泡的聚氨酯发泡原料内，同时将模具上盖5盖合在模具1上合模；S4)合模5-15min后，脱模取出产品。
通过上述技术方案的实施，所形成的聚氨酯弹性垫板自下往上具有第一层弹性层2和第二层弹性层3，第一层弹性层2和第二层弹性层3形成整体弹性层6结构，同时，连接层4为镶嵌在第二层弹性内的，不易脱落。
此外，因在模具1中，底面积为产品实际面积，聚氨酯发泡原料流动空间受限，聚氨酯发泡原料可迅速流平，自由发泡后的一层弹性层6厚度保持一致，且密度和发泡均匀一致。
所制得的聚氨酯弹性垫板设备投入低、技术操作简单、尺寸和质量稳定，连接层4嵌入牢固不易剥离。
在该实施方式中，为了进一步提供一种聚氨酯发泡原料的制备方法，在步骤S1)中，将异氰酸酯组分和聚醚多元醇组分按照混合比50-100：100混合后在工作罐中预热至35-45℃，形成待使用的聚氨酯发泡原料。
在该实施方式中，为了进一步提供一种更优的第一次浇注聚氨酯发泡原料的比例，在步骤S2)中，向模具1中浇注60-80％的聚氨酯发泡原料并自由发泡熟化5-15min。通过先浇注60-80％的聚氨酯发泡原料，使得连接层4的嵌入深度不超过弹性层6总厚度的40％，可以增加嵌入连接层4的稳定性，使得嵌入的更加平整。
在该实施方式中，为了进一步便于脱模，在步骤S2)进行浇注之前，向模具1中喷涂脱模剂，并将模具1预热至50-80℃。
在该实施方式中，为了增加工作效率，模具1设置有多个，且可以通过切换装置切换使用，其中待用的模具1设置在预热装置中进行预热。切换装置如设置有能够夹持模具1的且可以行走运行的夹爪，夹爪设置有多个可以分别将模具1抓取至不同的工序中。
在该实施方式中，为了进一步提升自动化运行程度，预热装置的前端还设置有喷涂装置，所述喷涂装置用于向待预热的模具1内喷涂脱模剂。
在该实施方式中，为了增加浇注的效果，在步骤S2)和步骤S3)中，聚氨酯发泡原料的浇注量为100-250g/s，浇注压力为120-180bar。通过控制浇注量为100-250g/s，浇注压力为120-180bar，使得聚氨酯发泡原料有足够的时间流平，在不影响浇注效率的基础上，可以增加产品的密度均匀性。
在该实施方式中，为了进一步提升自动化生产效率，所述聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法还包括将脱模后的产品通过履带机或钢带机传输至下一个工序。
在该实施方式中，由于模具1的最大尺寸为1000mm×260mm×25mm，为了增加产品的运输效果和效率，所述履带机或钢带机的宽度不小于2000mm。使用该履带机或钢带机可以同时运输两块聚氨酯弹性垫板，另外，履带机或钢带机的长度根据需要设置，高度可以设置为25mm。
本发明另一方面提供了一种聚氨酯弹性垫板，该聚氨酯弹性垫板由所述制备方法制得。
此外，为了进一步提升自动化运行程度，喷涂装置的前端还可以设置有清洗烘干装置，所述清洗烘干装置用于将脱模后的模具1进行清洗烘干。
使用时，脱模后的模具1通过夹爪抓取运送至清洗烘干装置中，烘干后通过夹爪抓取至喷涂装置中，喷涂完脱模剂后再通过夹爪抓取运送至聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备工位中，脱模后的产品通过履带机或钢带机传输至下一个工序，模具1再运送至清洗烘干装置中，如此循环。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1)制备及预热聚氨酯发泡原料；
S2)向模具(2)中第一次浇注聚氨酯发泡原料并自由发泡熟化5-15min；
S3)向模具(2)中浇注剩余量的聚氨酯发泡原料，并在浇注完成后的5min内将连接层(4)铺于模具(2)内并嵌入第二层未发泡的聚氨酯发泡原料内，同时将模具上盖(5)盖合在模具(2)上合模；
S4)合模5-15min后，脱模取出产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S1)中，将异氰酸酯组分和聚醚多元醇组分按照混合比50-100：100混合后在工作罐中预热至35-45℃，形成待使用的聚氨酯发泡原料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S2)中，向模具(2)中浇注60-80％的聚氨酯发泡原料并自由发泡熟化5-15min。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S2)进行浇注之前，向模具(2)中喷涂脱模剂，并将模具(2)预热至50-80℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，其特征在于，模具(2)设置有多个，且可以通过切换装置切换使用，其中待用的模具(2)设置在预热装置中进行预热。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，其特征在于，预热装置的前端还设置有喷涂装置，所述喷涂装置用于向待预热的模具(2)内喷涂脱模剂。
7.根据权利要求1或3所述的聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S2)和步骤S3)中，聚氨酯发泡原料的浇注量为100-250g/s，浇注压力为120-180bar。
8.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法还包括将脱模后的产品通过履带机或钢带机传输至下一个工序。
9.根据权利要求8所述的聚氨酯弹性垫板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述履带机或钢带机的宽度不小于2000mm。
10.一种聚氨酯弹性垫板，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯弹性垫板由权利要求1-9中的任意一项所述的制备方法制得。
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