CN114434686B

CN114434686B - Plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment and application method

Info

Publication number: CN114434686B
Application number: CN202011121316.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田志鸿; 朱振兴; 韩颖; 何金龙; 刘亚林; 李学锋; 张翊
Original assignee: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing; China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Current assignee: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing; China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Priority date: 2020-10-19
Filing date: 2020-10-19
Publication date: 2023-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-19
Also published as: CN114434686A

Abstract

The plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment comprises a plurality of plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting devices which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom: the device comprises a double-shaft shredder, a rotary knife chopper, a spiral wool roller cleaner and a liquid density separator, wherein the upper part of the double-shaft shredder is connected with a conical hopper, the bottom of the double-shaft shredder is connected with an inlet of the rotary knife chopper, a discharge hole of the rotary knife chopper is connected with a particle inlet of the spiral wool roller cleaner, the discharge hole of the spiral wool roller cleaner is connected with the liquid density separator through the conical hopper, a light plastic particle outlet is formed in the surface of a liquid layer of the liquid density separator, a rotary separation valve is installed at the bottom of the rotary separation valve, the bottom of the rotary separation valve is a heavy plastic particle outlet, and a liquid discharge hole is formed in the side face of the rotary separation valve. The plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment provided by the invention can realize the continuous crushing, cleaning and sorting processes of waste plastic.

Description

Plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment and application method

Technical Field

The present technology relates to a waste plastic recycling device and method, and more particularly to a device and method for efficient pulverization, cleaning and separation of waste plastic before recycling.

Background

Plastic has been the main material in many fields such as sanitation, building and electronic products, because of its characteristics of stable performance, wide application, light weight, low price, etc. Many plastics become waste after a certain period of use due to their short life cycle, but plastics have to survive for a long time with these waste due to their stable performance, they seriously affect the health of humans, and the total global production polymer and fiber yield reaches 78 hundred million tons from 1950 to 2015, about 80% becomes a landfill.

On the other hand, waste plastics can also be recycled as a resource, for example, after Polyethylene (PE) is combusted, 43 MJ/kg of heat (combustion value 42.30 MJ/kg of gasoline; kerosene, 46.50 MJ/kg, diesel oil, 45.20 MJ/kg) can be released, so that if the waste plastics can be recycled, the waste plastics can not only solve the problem of the emission of harmful substances such as dioxin and secondary pollutants thereof caused by incineration and open air incineration, but also be effectively utilized as resources.

The plastic recycling and reusing device has the advantages that the plastic recycling and reusing device needs to be crushed, cleaned and separated, the size of waste plastic can be reduced through crushing, so that the waste plastic is convenient to transport during utilization, mud, sand, metal blocks and other impurities insoluble in water in the waste plastic are cleaned and removed, the impurities during recycling are reduced, the waste plastic is classified, the crushed materials after cleaning are purer in quality, and the waste plastic of different types is conveniently applied to different purposes, and is an indispensable technological process in the recycling of the waste plastic.

CN102574304a describes a method and apparatus for separating waste plastics, which are waste materials, especially in urban landfills, and contain a large amount of impurities such as soil, and cleaning is an indispensable step in the pretreatment of waste plastics, and this technology only describes the pulverizing and separating technology in detail, but there is no mention of how to efficiently remove impurities such as soil in plastics, and thus there is a limitation in application.

CN103739871B describes a method for sorting polyvinyl chloride plastics from mixed waste plastics, the process of which is: crushing waste plastic into waste plastic fragments with the size of 2-10 cm, repeatedly rubbing and washing in sodium hydroxide solution, washing with clear water to be neutral, dehydrating and drying: placing the treated mixed plastic into a separation solution, fully stirring, standing after stirring, and separating the polyvinyl chloride plastic from other plastics after the polyvinyl chloride plastic is settled from the solution; and then cleaning the polyvinyl chloride plastics obtained by sorting with clear water, and dehydrating, drying and granulating. The technology has no detailed corresponding detailed equipment structure description, and has certain difficulty in implementation.

CN107597794a describes an integrated garbage sorting, recycling and treating device, which has limited cleaning function for treating impurities such as soil, sand and stone contained in urban landfill waste plastics.

The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency crushing, cleaning and separating process device and method, which can effectively crush, clean and sort waste plastics into secondary used raw materials before use.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a spiral wool roller cleaning machine and an application method thereof, which are applicable to cleaning and recycling waste plastics.

The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a plastic crushing and cleaning device and an application method thereof based on the prior art, which are applicable to cleaning and recycling waste plastics.

The invention provides plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment and an application method thereof on the basis of the prior art, so that waste plastic is effectively crushed, cleaned and sorted into secondary utilized raw materials before being utilized.

In a first aspect, the invention provides a spiral hair roller cleaning machine, which consists of a cylindrical shell, a rotating shaft, a spiral hair roller wrapped outside the rotating shaft and a power system, wherein a cleaning liquid inlet, a particle inlet and a discharge hole are sequentially formed in the shell, the cleaning liquid inlet is formed in the initial end of the spiral hair roller, the particle inlet is positioned behind the cleaning liquid inlet, the discharge hole is positioned at the tail end of a spiral Mao Gunzi, and the power system drives the rotating shaft to rotate.

In a second aspect, the invention provides an application method of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine, cleaning liquid is introduced through a cleaning liquid inlet, particles to be cleaned are added into the spiral hair roller cleaning machine through a particle inlet, a power system drives a rotating shaft and a spiral Mao Gunzi to rotate, the particles are washed by the cleaning liquid, impurities are removed by a rolling brush of a hairbrush, and the cleaned particles are discharged from a discharge hole at the tail end of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine under the pushing action of a spiral blade.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a plastic crushing and cleaning apparatus comprising, in order from top to bottom: the spiral hair roller cleaning machine comprises a double-shaft shredder, a rotary knife shredder, the spiral hair roller cleaning machine and a liquid-solid separation unit, wherein the upper part of the double-shaft shredder is connected with a conical hopper, the bottom outlet of the double-shaft shredder is connected with an inlet of the rotary knife shredder, a discharge hole of the rotary knife shredder is connected with a particle inlet of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine, and a discharge hole of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine is connected with the liquid-solid separation unit.

In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method for applying a waste plastic crushing and cleaning device, wherein waste plastic raw materials are added from a conical hopper, crushed into particles by a double-shaft shredder and a rotary knife shredder, fall into a particle inlet of a spiral wool roller cleaning machine, cleaning liquid is introduced into the spiral wool roller cleaning machine through a cleaning liquid inlet, a power system drives a rotating shaft and a spiral Mao Gunzi to rotate, and plastic particles for removing impurities are discharged from a discharge port of the spiral wool roller cleaning machine to enter a liquid-solid separation unit under the pushing of a spiral blade under the cleaning liquid flushing and brushing of a brush, so that the plastic particles and the cleaning liquid are separated.

In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a double-shaft shredder, a rotary knife chopper, a spiral wool roller cleaner and a liquid density separator, wherein the upper part of the double-shaft shredder is connected with a conical hopper, the bottom of the double-shaft shredder is connected with an inlet of the rotary knife chopper, a discharge hole of the rotary knife chopper is connected with a particle inlet of the spiral wool roller cleaner, the discharge hole of the spiral wool roller cleaner is connected with the liquid density separator through the conical hopper, a light plastic particle outlet is formed in the surface of a liquid layer of the liquid density separator, a rotary separation valve is installed at the bottom of the rotary separation valve, the bottom of the rotary separation valve is a heavy plastic particle outlet, and a liquid discharge hole is formed in the side face of the rotary separation valve.

In a sixth aspect, the invention provides an application method of the waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment, wherein waste plastic raw materials are added from a conical hopper, crushed into fine particles through a double-shaft shredder and a rotary knife shredder, fall into a particle inlet of a spiral wool roller cleaning machine, cleaning liquid is introduced into the spiral wool roller cleaning machine through the cleaning liquid inlet, a power system drives a rotating shaft and a spiral Mao Gunzi to rotate, plastic particles for impurity removal under the action of cleaning liquid flushing and brushing are discharged to a liquid density sorting machine from a discharge port through the conical hopper under the pushing of a spiral blade, light plastic particles are suspended on the surface of a liquid layer of the conical hopper of the liquid density sorting machine and are discharged from a light plastic particle outlet, the heavy plastic particles sink into the liquid bottom and enter a rotary separation valve for liquid-solid separation, the heavy plastic particles are discharged from the bottom of the rotary separation valve, and cleaning liquid is discharged from a liquid outlet hole on the side of the rotary separation valve.

The spiral hairroller cleaning machine and the application method thereof provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that:

the plastic particles are added into the spiral hairroller cleaning machine through the feeding hole, the motor reducer drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the transmission part, and the waste plastic particles are conveyed and cleaned under the pushing actions of the cleaning liquid washing, the rolling brush of the hairbrush and the spiral blades, so that impurities such as soil attached to the waste plastic particles are efficiently removed, and the waste plastic particles are discharged from the tail end discharge port of the cleaning machine.

The plastic crushing and cleaning equipment and the application method thereof have the beneficial effects that: can efficiently clean and remove mud, sand, metal blocks and other impurities insoluble in water in the waste plastics, and reduce the impurities during recycling of the waste plastics, so as to facilitate the separation and the separation of the mud, the sand, the metal blocks and the other impurities insoluble in water.

The plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment and the application method thereof have the beneficial effects that: mud, sand, metal blocks and other water-insoluble impurities in the waste plastics can be efficiently cleaned and separated, the impurities in the waste plastics during recycling are reduced, and the waste plastics of different materials are subjected to density separation so as to facilitate the subsequent recycling of the waste plastics with high added value.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a spiral hair roller cleaner;

FIG. 2 is a combined elevation view of the plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual shaft shredder;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a liquid density classifier;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vane top seal of a rotary isolation valve.

Description of the reference numerals

1. Conical hopper	2-0 double-shaft shredder
			2-1 shredding wheel 1	2-2 shredding wheel 2	2-3 rotation shaft
4. Rotary knife chopper	5. Connection cone	6-0 spiral wool roller cleaning machine
			6-1 particle inlet	6-2 cleaning fluid inlet	6-3 cleaning machine shell
6-4 helical blade	6-5 hairbrush	6-6 rotation shaft
			6-7 bearing system	6-8 motor speed reducer	6-9 stent
7. Conical hopper	8-0 circulation scraping component	8-1 circulation conveyer belt
			8-2 guide wheel	8-3 scraping plate
9-0 liquid density separator	9-1 conical bucket	9-2 light plastic particle outlet
			9-3 rotary separating valve	9-31 rotating blades	9-32 rubber sealing strip
9-4 remolded particle outlet	9-5 liquid storage tank	9-6 liquid outlet pipe
			9-7 drain	9-8 liquid discharge holes	9-9 overflow pipe
10. Circulation pump

Detailed Description

The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail.

Optionally, the spiral hair roller is composed of spiral blades spirally arranged along the rotation shaft and a brush, wherein the brush is closely arranged between the spiral blades, and the outer diameter of the brush is smaller than that of the spiral blades.

The spiral blades are fixed on the rotating shaft, the hairbrushes are closely arranged among the spiral blades, the root parts of the hairbrushes are fixed with the rotating shaft, and the height of the hairbrushes is lower than the top height of the spiral blades.

Optionally, the ratio of the outer diameter D of the brush to the spiral blade D is 0.5-0.9:1; preferably 0.6 to 0.85:1, a step of; most preferably 0.7 to 0.85:1.

Optionally, the brush is made of polymeric fibers, animal hair (e.g., bristles), plant fibers, or metal wires.

Optionally, the power system is connected to a rotating shaft. The power system comprises a motor, a motor speed reducer and a transmission part. The motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the motor speed reducer and the transmission part.

In a second aspect, the invention provides an application method of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine, cleaning liquid is introduced through a cleaning liquid inlet, particles to be cleaned are added into the spiral hair roller cleaning machine through a particle inlet, a power system drives a rotating shaft and a spiral Mao Gunzi to rotate, the particles are washed by the cleaning liquid and removed of impurities under the rolling brush of a hairbrush, and the cleaned particles are discharged from a discharge hole at the tail end of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine under the pushing of a spiral blade.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a plastic crushing and cleaning apparatus comprising, in order from top to bottom: the double-shaft shredder, the rotary knife shredder, the spiral hair roller cleaning machine and the liquid-solid separation unit are arranged, the upper portion of the double-shaft shredder is connected with the conical hopper, the bottom outlet is connected with the inlet of the rotary knife shredder, the discharge hole of the rotary knife shredder is connected with the particle inlet of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine, and the discharge hole of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine is connected with the liquid-solid separation unit.

Optionally, the biax shredder by casing, parallel arrangement's two rotation axis and install two shredding wheel group on the rotation axis, adopt the gear interlock between the two shredding wheels. Each shredding wheel is arranged on a corresponding rotating shaft, the corresponding shredding wheel is driven by the corresponding rotating shaft to rotate, the conveyed waste plastics are shredded, and a pair of meshed gears are adopted outside the two shafts to transmit the relative rotation motion of the two shafts. The dual-shaft shredder may employ a conventional dual-shaft shredder in the art.

Optionally, the rotary cutter chopper includes shell, fixed tool bit, rotary tool bit and pivot, two or more fixed tool bit symmetric distributions install at the shell inner wall, two or more rotary tool bit install in the pivot. The rotary cutter head and the fixed cutter head arranged on the wall of the shell are in relative motion to cut up the supplied materials, and a discharge hole at the lower part of the rotary cutter crusher is communicated with a particle inlet of the spiral hair roller cleaner. In the use process, the rotary knife grinder cuts waste plastics into particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm, and the obtained plastic particles fall into the spiral hair roller cleaning machine through the connecting cone.

In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method for applying a waste plastic crushing and cleaning device, wherein waste plastic raw materials are added from a conical hopper, crushed into fine particles by a double-shaft shredder and a rotary knife shredder, fall into a particle inlet of a spiral wool roller cleaning machine, cleaning liquid is introduced into the spiral wool roller cleaning machine through the cleaning liquid inlet, a power system drives a rotating shaft and a spiral Mao Gunzi to rotate, and plastic particles with impurities removed by cleaning liquid flushing and brushing are discharged from a discharge port of the spiral wool roller cleaning machine to enter a liquid-solid separation unit under the pushing of a spiral blade, so that the plastic particles and the cleaning liquid are separated.

Optionally, the rotary cutter chopper includes shell, fixed tool bit, rotary tool bit and pivot, two or more fixed tool bit symmetric distributions install at the shell inner wall, two or more rotary tool bit install in the pivot. The distance between the rotary tool bit and the fixed tool bit is 2-3.5 mm.

Optionally, the liquid density sorter constitute by toper fight, the light plastic granules export of toper fight upper portion, set up in the circulation of light plastic granules export scrape the material component, be located the rotatory separating valve of toper fight bottom and set up in the overflow pipe of toper fight upper portion, the bottom of circulation scrape the material component with the overflow pipe import is in the coplanar. The bottom of the rotary separation valve is a heavy plastic particle outlet, and a liquid discharge hole is formed in the side face of the rotary separation valve.

The rotary separating valve is arranged at the bottom of the conical hopper, and optionally, the rotary separating valve consists of a cylindrical shell, blades inside the shell and a rotating shaft, a liquid discharging hole is formed in the side face of the shell, the blades are installed on the rotating shaft in a central symmetry mode, and a fan-shaped space is formed between the blades. When the rotary separation valve works, the rotating shaft drives the blades to rotate, the remolded particles sink into the bottom of the liquid and enter the fan-shaped space of the rotary separation valve, the blades drive remolded particles and the liquid in the fan-shaped space to rotate, when the remolded particles and the liquid rotate below the horizontal plane of the rotating shaft, the liquid flows out through the liquid draining holes on the rotary separation valve housing, and the remolded particles continue to rotate to the position right below the rotary separation valve and are discharged from the bottom remolded particle discharging hole.

Optionally, the side of the rotary separation valve is provided with a liquid storage tank, a liquid drain hole on the side of the rotary separation valve housing is communicated with the liquid storage tank, an overflow pipe outlet is communicated with the liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is provided with a drain pipe.

Optionally, a liquid discharge hole is formed in a partition wall between the rotary separation valve and the liquid storage tank, the aperture of the liquid discharge hole is 0.1-3 mm, and the aperture ratio is 40% -80%. Plastic particles and cleaning liquid in the rotary separating valve are brought to the surface area of the perforated wall in the rotary process, and the cleaning liquid flows into the liquid storage tank through the liquid discharge hole and is led out through the discharge pipe.

The overflow pipe outlet is communicated with the liquid storage tank, and the overflow pipe is communicated with the upper part of the conical hopper and the liquid storage tank and is used for controlling the liquid level of the conical hopper.

Optionally, a circulation pipe and a circulation pump are provided between the liquid storage tank and the cleaning liquid inlet of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine. The filtered cleaning liquid is conveyed to a cleaning liquid feed port of the spiral wool roller cleaning machine by a circulating pump for cleaning the conveyed waste plastic particles.

Optionally, the circulation scrape the material component by leading wheel, the circulation conveyer belt of leading wheel guide and set up and scrape the flitch on circulation conveyer belt and constitute, circulation conveyer belt installs on the leading wheel, all sets up the leading wheel in circulation conveyer belt change direction position department. The bottom of the circulating scraping mechanism is arranged on the liquid level of the density sorting machine, so that the scraping plate stretches into the position below the liquid level. When the device works, the guide wheel drives the circulating conveyor belt to do circulating motion, the scraping plate scrapes floating material light plastic particles out of the liquid level, and the floating material light plastic particles fall into a light plastic particle outlet to be discharged.

In a sixth aspect, the invention provides an application method of the waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting device, wherein waste plastic raw materials are added from a conical hopper, crushed into particles through a double-shaft shredder and a rotary knife shredder, fall into a particle inlet of a spiral wool roller cleaning machine, cleaning liquid is introduced into the spiral wool roller cleaning machine through the cleaning liquid inlet, a power system drives a rotating shaft and a spiral Mao Gunzi to rotate, plastic particles for impurity removal under the driving of a cleaning liquid washing and brushing roll are discharged from a tail end discharge port of the spiral wool roller cleaning machine under the pushing of a spiral blade and enter a liquid density sorting machine through the conical hopper, light plastic particles are suspended on the surface of a liquid layer of the conical hopper of the liquid density sorting machine and are discharged from a light plastic particle outlet, the light plastic particles sink into the liquid bottom and enter a rotary separation valve for liquid-solid separation, the light plastic particles are discharged from the bottom of the rotary separation valve, and cleaning liquid is discharged from a side drain hole of the rotary separation valve.

Optionally, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine is as follows: 10-200 r/min; preferably 15-150 r/min; preferably 15 to 120r/min.

Optionally, the cleaning liquid is an aqueous solution of one or more of alkali and metal salts; preferably an aqueous solution of one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium acetate.

Optionally, the weight ratio of the waste plastic raw material to the cleaning liquid is 1:1.5-10; preferably 1:1.5-8; most preferably 1:1.5 to 6.

The density of the cleaning liquid can be between the light plastic particles of the floating material and the heavy plastic particles of the sinking material, and the cleaning liquid has the functions of cleaning impurities such as greasy dirt and silt in the waste plastic particles and separating plastic particles with different densities.

The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings, but the invention is not limited thereto.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a spiral hair roller cleaning machine. As can be seen from fig. 1, the spiral hair roller cleaning machine 6-0 provided by the invention is composed of a cylindrical shell 6-3, a rotating shaft 6-6, a spiral hair roller wrapped outside the rotating shaft and a power system, wherein a cleaning liquid inlet 6-2, a particle inlet 6-1 and a discharge port are sequentially arranged on the shell, the cleaning liquid inlet 6-2 is arranged at the initial end of the spiral hair roller, the particle inlet 6-1 is positioned behind the cleaning liquid inlet, and the discharge port is positioned at the tail end of the spiral hair roller.

The spiral hair roller is composed of spiral blades 6-4 mounted on a rotating shaft 6-6, and brushes 6-5 densely arranged between the spiral blades. The power system comprises a motor reducer 6-8 and a bearing system 6-7, and the spiral hair roller cleaning machine is arranged on a bracket 6-9. The root of the brush 6-5 is fixed on the surface of the rotating shaft 6-6, the diameter D of the helical blade 6-4 is larger than the diameter D of the brush 6-5, and the ratio of the outer diameter D of the brush roller to the helical blade D is as follows: 0.6 to 0.9:1, preferably 0.7 to 0.85:1, most preferably 0.8 to 0.85:1. The brush 6-5 is made of polymer fiber, animal hair (such as bristle), plant fiber, metal wire, etc. The annular spiral space formed by the top of the brush 6-5 and the shell 6-3 is a space for forming the scrap plastic washing fragments.

In the working process of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine provided by the invention, cleaning liquid is conveyed into the spiral hair roller cleaning machine 6-0 through the cleaning liquid inlet 6-2, plastic particles are added through the particle inlet 6-1, the motor reducer 6-8 drives the rotating shaft 6-6, the spiral blade 6-4 and the hairbrush 6-5 to rotate through the bearing system 6-7, and the waste plastic particles are efficiently cleaned by the conveying and cleaning processes under the pushing actions of the cleaning liquid washing brush 6-5, the rolling brush of the hairbrush 6-4 and the spiral blade 6-4, so that impurities such as soil attached to the waste plastic particles are discharged from the tail end discharge port of the cleaning machine.

Wherein: conveying amount of waste plastic particles: QUOTE

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Phi-waste plastic particle filling rate, D-outer diameter of helical blade, D-outer diameter of brush roller, rho-particle filling density, B-helical blade spacing, n-rotation speed of Mao Gunzi shaft.

The rotation speed n of the Mao Gunzi shaft is preferably: 10 to 200r/min, preferably 15 to 150r/min, preferably 15 to 120r/min.

The cleaning liquid inlet 6-2 must be located at the very beginning of the screw-type wool roller in order to flush out dirt and impurity particles from the surface of the waste plastics.

Fig. 2 is a combined elevation view of a plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting system. As shown in figure 2, the plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment provided by the invention comprises the following components which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom: the double-shaft shredder 2-0, the rotary knife shredder 4, spiral hair roller cleaner 6-0 and liquid density sorter 9, conical hopper 1 is connected on double-shaft shredder upper portion, and the entry of rotary knife shredder 4 is connected to the bottom exit linkage, and the granule entry of spiral hair roller cleaner 6-0 is connected through conical hopper 5 to rotary knife shredder 4 discharge gate, and liquid density sorter 9 is connected through conical hopper 7 to the discharge gate of spiral hair roller cleaner 6-0, is equipped with light plastic granule export and circulation scraping component 8-0 at the liquid layer surface of liquid density sorter, installs rotatory separating valve in the bottom, rotatory separating valve bottom is the heavy plastic granule export, rotatory separating valve side sets up the leakage fluid dram. The liquid storage tank of the liquid density separator 9 is communicated with the cleaning liquid inlet of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine 6-0 through a circulating pump 10.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual shaft shredder; as shown in fig. 3, the double-shaft shredder 2-0 is composed of double shredding wheels 2-1 and 2-2, wherein each shredding wheel is arranged on a corresponding own rotating shaft, the corresponding shredding wheel is driven to rotate by the corresponding rotating shaft to shred the conveyed waste plastics, and a pair of meshed gears are adopted outside the two shafts to transmit relative rotation motion of the two shafts. A rotary knife chopper 4 is provided below the dual shaft shredder, through which the material can be crushed again into finer particles for further cleaning.

Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a liquid density classifier. As shown in fig. 4, the liquid density separator 9-0 can separate plastics with different densities and cleaning liquid, waste plastic particles with the density heavier than that of the cleaning separation liquid sink to the bottom of the conical hopper 9-1 of the density separator and fall into the fan-shaped space between the rotating blades 9-31 in the rotating separation valve 9-3, when the blades rotate to a position below the horizontal position of the axis of the rotating separation valve 9-3 and the valve shell is provided with a liquid discharge hole, the inner liquid brought into the fan-shaped space is filtered out through the liquid discharge hole 9-8 on the rotating separation valve shell, the waste plastic particles remain in the fan-shaped space formed by the rotating blades 9-31 and the shell of the rotating separation valve 9-3, and when the rotating blades 9-31 rotate to the position right below the valve, the waste plastic solid particles are discharged from the heavy density plastic particle outlet 9-4 of the separator; the filtered liquid enters a liquid storage tank 9-5 and is conveyed to a cleaning liquid inlet 6-2 of the spiral hair roller cleaning machine through a liquid outlet pipe 9-6 by a circulating pump 10 and a pipeline for cleaning conveyed waste plastic particles; the surface of the upper cleaning liquid of the density separator 9-0 is provided with a circulating scraping component 8-0, which consists of a circulating conveying belt 8-1, a guide wheel 8-2 and a scraping plate 8-3, wherein the scraping plate 8-3 is arranged on the circulating conveying belt 8-1, the circulating conveying belt 8-1 is arranged on the guide wheel 8-2, the guide wheels 8-2 are arranged at the position where the circulating conveying belt changes direction, and the guide wheel 8-2 drives the circulating conveying belt 8-1 to do circulating movement, so that plastic particles are scraped out from the surface of a liquid layer and fall into a light plastic particle outlet 9-2 to be discharged.

The bottom of a liquid storage tank 9-5 of the liquid density separator 9-0 is provided with a drain pipe 9-7 and a valve for draining impurities such as cleaned sediment, and the side surface of the liquid storage tank is provided with a drain pipe 9-6 at a certain height from the bottom of the tank for draining separated liquid to be conveyed to a liquid feed inlet 6-2 of the spiral wool roller cleaner through a circulating pump 10.

An overflow pipe 9-9 is arranged between the upper part of a conical hopper 9-1 of the liquid density sorting machine 9-0 and the bottom of a liquid storage tank 9-5 and is used for controlling the liquid level position in the conical hopper 9-1.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vane top seal of a rotary isolation valve. As shown in fig. 5, the top and both sides of the rotary vane 9-31 of the rotary separation valve 9-3 in the liquid density separator 9-0 are provided with rubber strips 9-32 for sealing the leakage of liquid from the gaps between the rotary vane and both sides and the outer casing.

The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting.

Example 1

The device shown in FIG. 1 is adopted to carry out waste plastic crushing, cleaning and separating equipment test, wherein the size of a double-shaft shredder in the device is 400 multiplied by 400mm, the height is 300mm, and the diameter of a shredding wheel is 200mm; the diameter of the rotary knife chopper is 250mm, the length of the rotary knife chopper is 250mm, the three rotary knives are uniformly distributed, the total length of the spiral hair roller cleaner is 1500mm, the spiral length is 1200mm, the diameter is 150mm, the thread interval is 89mm, the outer diameter of the hairbrush roller is 100mm, the length of the conical bottom of the liquid density separator is 2500 mm, the width of the conical top is 1200mm, the diameter of the rotary separating valve is 200mm, the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of the double-shaft shredder is 200r/min, the rotating speed of the rotary knife chopper is 450r/min, and the rotating shaft of the spiral hair roller cleaner is 60r/min.

The density sorting liquid is NaOH liquid with the mass of 22 percent, the liquid density is 1.24kg/L, and the liquid amount is 100kg.

The waste plastics form a PVC pipe, a PET bottle, a PPR pipe and a PS snack box, wherein the mass components of the PVC pipe and the PET bottle account for 31.4 percent, the PPR pipe and the PP snack box account for 57.3 percent, the soil impurity accounts for 12.3 percent, the waste plastics treatment capacity is 40kg, and the mass ratio of the waste plastics to the cleaning liquid is 1:2.5.

Crushing waste plastics into granular and flaky fragments, sorting to obtain light-density plastic PPR and PS crushed granular fragments, heavy-density PVC and PET fragments, and taking 0.23kg of silt out of a heavy-density blanking port (the surface of the waste plastic fragments is not adhered, and filtering out by a 30-mesh filter screen); the average equivalent diameter of the crushed particles and the fragments is 6mm, and the maximum equivalent diameter is 10mm; separating light-density plastics and heavy-density fragments, and performing 150-degree hot air drying treatment to obtain 23.38kg of light-density partial fragments, wherein the water content is 2.0%, and 12.79kg of heavy-density components, wherein the water content is 1.8%; the separated broken particle pieces are identified, the light components are all PPR and PS broken particle pieces, the heavy components are PVC and PET broken particle pieces, and soil and impurities on the surfaces of the plastic fragments are all cleaned.

And (3) recycling the analyzed light component PVC and PET: 99.9%; the recovery rate of PPR and PS in the heavy component is 99.9 percent, the impurity removal rate of the surface of waste plastic is 100 percent, and a small amount of plastic particles with the diameter of about 0.1mm are contained in the cleaning liquid; 98% -99% of the cleaned and fallen sediment enters the liquid storage tank along with the cleaning liquid.

Wherein the crushing and cleaning time is 12min, and the sorting time is 5min.

Comparative example 1

The waste plastics were subjected to a process of stirring and cleaning with a rotary knife chopper and a stirred tank, and to a process of manually floating and treating the waste plastics with a rotary knife chopper as in example 1, and the waste plastics were cleaned with a stirred tank of 200L.

The waste plastics component, density sorting liquid was the same as in example 1, wherein the waste plastics consisted of PVC pipe, PET bottle in a proportion of 33.5wt(wherein the impurity content is 24.6)wtPercent), PPR tube and PS snack box proportion is 66.5wt(wherein the impurity content was 27.2)wtPercent), waste plastic treatment capacity 40kg, 22 percent for cleaningwt% NaOH liquid 100kg, waste plastics and cleaning liquid ratio is 1:2.5.

The rotating speed of the rotary knife chopper is 450r/min, and the average equivalent diameter of the waste plastic fragments is 15mm and the maximum equivalent diameter is 30mm after 20min of crushing; after stirring and washing for 10min, manually floating out light-density component PPR and PS and heavy-density component PVC and PET waste plastic particle fragments, drying by 150 DEG hot air, and then separating out 20.99kg of light-density component PPR and PS waste plastic particle fragments with water content of 2.4wt% and impurity content 6.0wtThe content of scrap plastic chips was 91.4%wtThe%; 11.01kg of heavy-density components (PVC, PET) with a water content of 2.1wt% and impurity content 6.7wtThe content of scrap plastic chips was 91.6%wt%。

Wherein the recovery rate of the light density PPR and PS waste plastics is 99.9 percent, the recovery rate of the heavy density PVC and PET waste plastics is 99.8 percent, and a small amount of plastic particles with the diameter of about 0.1mm are contained in the cleaning liquid.

As can be seen from this, the crushed pieces of comparative example 1 have a small particle size, and the cleaning time is short.

Example 2

Waste plastic PVC pipe, PET bottle, PPR pipe, PS Using the apparatus of example 1Separation of snack box wherein the mass composition PVC tube to PET bottle ratio is 32.7wtPercent, PPR tube and PP snack box 39.4wtThe impurity content of soil and the like is about 27.9 percent. 80kg of waste plastic and 22 parts of cleaning liquidwt% NaOH solution, 160kg. The mass ratio of the waste plastics (containing impurities) to the cleaning liquid is 1:2.

The crushing operation parameters are the same as in example 1, and the crushed light component and heavy component waste plastic fragments are separated through crushing for 14min, cleaning for 4min and floatation for 5min, the sediment (without adhering to the surface of the waste plastic fragments) of 0.53kg is carried out by a heavy density discharge port, the impurities on the surfaces of the light component and heavy component waste plastic fragments are cleaned, and the waste plastic fragments are dried under the hot air of 150 ℃ to obtain the waste plastic particle fragments with the average equivalent diameter of 7mm and the maximum equivalent diameter of 10mm. Wherein the light-density fraction has 32.18kg and water content of 2.1wtThe%; the weight of the components is 26.6kg, and the water content is 1.7wt%。

Wherein the recovery rate of the light density PPR pipe and the PP snack box is 99.9 percent, the recovery rate of the heavy density PVC pipe and the PET bottle is 99.9 percent, and the cleaning liquid contains a small amount of plastic particles with the diameter of about 0.1 mm. Completely separating the light density and the heavy density, and cleaning the surfaces of the plastic fragments; 98% -99% of the cleaned and fallen sediment enters the liquid storage tank along with the cleaning liquid.

The total time for grinding, cleaning and floatation is about 24min.

Comparative example 2

The waste plastics were crushed using a single shredder, stirred tank cleaning, and manual flotation process using shredder a of example 1, and 200L stirred tank cleaning.

The waste plastic component, density sorting liquid was the same as in example 1, wherein the waste plastic consisted of PVC tube, PET bottle, PPR tube, PS snack box, wherein the ratio of PVC tube to PET bottle was 62.7wtPercent, PPR tube and PP snack box 38.2wtThe impurity content of soil and the like is about 15.1 percentwtPercent of the total weight of the composition. Waste plastics (containing impurities) 60kg, cleaning liquid 22wt% NaOH solution, in an amount of 120kg. The mass ratio of the waste plastics (containing impurities) to the cleaning liquid is 1:2.

The rotating speed of the rotary knife chopper is 200r/min, the average equivalent diameter of the waste plastic fragments is 25mm after 18min of crushing,the length is longest to 50mm; after stirring and washing for 10min, the light density components PPR and PS and the heavy density components PVC and PET waste plastic particle fragments are manually floated, and after 150 DEG hot air drying, the surfaces of the waste plastic fragments all contain a small amount of impurities such as soil. Separating light density components PPR and PS to obtain 25.33kg of waste plastic particle fragments, wherein the content of the waste plastic fragments is 89.5wtThe content of soil and impurities is 8.1 percentwtPercent, moisture content 2.4wtThe%; separating to obtain heavy density components of PVC and PET30.15kg, and the content of fragments of waste plastic particles is 92.8wtThe content of soil and impurities is 5.6 percentwtPercent, moisture content 2.0wt%。

The time for crushing and cleaning is 30 minutes, and most of impurities on the surfaces of the plastic fragments are not removed completely.

Claims

1. The waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment is characterized by comprising a plurality of waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting devices which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom: the device comprises a double-shaft shredder, a rotary knife chopper, a spiral wool roller cleaner and a liquid density separator, wherein the upper part of the double-shaft shredder is connected with a conical hopper, the bottom outlet of the double-shaft shredder is connected with an inlet of the rotary knife chopper, a discharge port of the rotary knife chopper is connected with a particle inlet of the spiral wool roller cleaner, the discharge port of the spiral wool roller cleaner is connected with the liquid density separator through the conical hopper, a light plastic particle outlet is arranged on the surface of a liquid layer of the liquid density separator, a rotary separation valve is arranged at the bottom of the rotary separation valve, the bottom of the rotary separation valve is a heavy plastic particle outlet, and a liquid discharge hole is arranged on the side surface of the rotary separation valve;

the spiral hair roller cleaning machine consists of a cylindrical shell, a rotating shaft, a spiral hair roller wrapped outside the rotating shaft and a power system, wherein a cleaning liquid inlet, a particle inlet and a discharge hole are sequentially formed in the shell, the cleaning liquid inlet is formed in the initial end of the spiral hair roller, the particle inlet is positioned behind the cleaning liquid inlet, the discharge hole is positioned at the tail end of a spiral Mao Gunzi, and the power system drives the rotating shaft to rotate; the spiral hair roller consists of spiral blades and a brush, wherein the spiral blades are spirally arranged along a rotating shaft, the brush is closely arranged between the spiral blades, and the outer diameter of the brush is smaller than that of the spiral blades;

the liquid density separator consists of a conical hopper, a light plastic particle outlet at the upper part of the conical hopper, a circulating scraping component arranged at the light plastic particle outlet, a rotary separating valve arranged at the bottom of the conical hopper and an overflow pipe arranged at the upper part of the conical hopper, wherein the bottom of the circulating scraping component and the inlet of the overflow pipe are in the same plane; the rotary separating valve consists of a shell, rotary blades in the shell and a rotating shaft, wherein the side surface of the shell is provided with a liquid discharge hole, the centers of a plurality of rotary blades are symmetrically arranged on the rotating shaft, and fan-shaped spaces are formed among the blades; the circulating scraping component consists of a guide wheel, a circulating conveying belt guided by the guide wheel and a scraping plate arranged on the circulating conveying belt, wherein the circulating conveying belt is arranged on the guide wheel, and the guide wheel is arranged at the position where the direction of the circulating conveying belt is changed.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dual-shaft shredder comprises a housing, two rotating shafts arranged in parallel, and two shredding wheels mounted on the rotating shafts, wherein the two shredding wheels are engaged by gears.

3. The waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment according to claim 1, wherein the rotary cutter chopper comprises a shell, fixed cutter heads, rotary cutter heads and a rotating shaft, wherein more than two fixed cutter heads are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and more than two rotary cutter heads are arranged on the rotating shaft.

4. The waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of the outer diameter D of the brush to the spiral blade D is 0.5 to 0.9:1.

5. The waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of the outer diameter D of the brush to the spiral blade D is 0.6-0.85: 1.

6. the waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of the outer diameter D of the brush to the spiral blade D is 0.7-0.85:1.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drain hole in the side of the rotary separation valve housing is connected to a liquid reservoir tank, the overflow pipe outlet is connected to the liquid reservoir tank, and the liquid reservoir tank is provided with a drain pipe.

8. The waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment according to claim 7, wherein a liquid discharge hole is formed in a partition wall between the rotary separation valve and the liquid storage tank, the aperture of the liquid discharge hole is 0.1-3 mm, and the aperture ratio is 40% -80%.

9. The waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a circulation pipe and a circulation pump are provided between the liquid storage tank and the cleaning liquid inlet of the spiral wool roller cleaner.

10. The method of using the waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the waste plastic raw material is fed from a conical hopper, crushed into particles by a double-shaft shredder and a rotary cutter chopper, and falls into a particle inlet of a spiral wool roller cleaner, cleaning liquid is introduced into the spiral wool roller cleaner through the cleaning liquid inlet, a power system drives a rotating shaft and a spiral Mao Gunzi to rotate, plastic particles with impurities removed by the cleaning liquid flushing and brushing are discharged from a discharge port to a liquid density separator through the conical hopper under the pushing of a spiral blade, light plastic particles are suspended on the liquid layer surface of the conical hopper of the liquid density separator and discharged from a light plastic particle outlet, the light plastic particles are sunk into the liquid bottom, enter a rotary separation valve for liquid-solid separation, the light plastic particles are discharged from the bottom of the rotary separation valve, and cleaning liquid is discharged from a liquid outlet on the side of the rotary separation valve.

11. The method for applying the waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment according to claim 10, wherein the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of the spiral wool roller cleaning machine is 10-200 r/min.

12. The method for applying the waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment according to claim 11, wherein the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of the spiral wool roller cleaning machine is 15-150 r/min.

13. The method for using the waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting equipment according to claim 12, wherein the rotation speed of the rotating shaft of the spiral wool roller cleaning machine is 15-120 r/min.

14. The method for using a waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the cleaning liquid is an aqueous solution of one or more of alkali and metal salt.

15. The method for using a waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the cleaning liquid is an aqueous solution of one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium acetate.

16. The method for using a waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the weight ratio of the waste plastic raw material to the cleaning liquid is 1:1.5-10.

17. The method for using a waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting device according to claim 16, wherein the weight ratio of the waste plastic raw material to the cleaning liquid is 1:1.5-8.

18. The method for using a waste plastic crushing, cleaning and sorting device according to claim 17, wherein the weight ratio of the waste plastic raw material to the cleaning liquid is 1:1.5-6.