CN114429725B - Universal node and assembled structure mechanical deformation demonstration teaching aid - Google Patents
Universal node and assembled structure mechanical deformation demonstration teaching aid Download PDFInfo
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- CN114429725B CN114429725B CN202111659022.5A CN202111659022A CN114429725B CN 114429725 B CN114429725 B CN 114429725B CN 202111659022 A CN202111659022 A CN 202111659022A CN 114429725 B CN114429725 B CN 114429725B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/10—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies
Abstract
The invention discloses a universal node and an assembled structure mechanical deformation demonstration teaching aid, wherein the universal node comprises a fixed shaft, a rotating shaft and an elastic rod clamping groove; the fixed shaft is provided with a plurality of elastic adjustable rotating shafts, the rotating shafts are fixedly connected with elastic rod piece clamping grooves, and the elastic rod piece clamping grooves are used for clamping the elastic rod pieces; the demonstration teaching aid comprises a plurality of elastic rods, one or more fixed supports, one or more hinged supports, one or more directional supports, support sliding rails, one or more loading devices, a track frame and one or more universal nodes. The advantages are that: the teaching aid and the device are suitable for demonstrating structural deformation and explaining the basic principle of an auxiliary displacement method in structural mechanics classroom teaching, can intuitively display the deformation condition of the structure, improve the structural deformation analysis capability of students, and deepen understanding of the basic principle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a universal node and an assembled structure mechanical deformation demonstration teaching aid, and belongs to the technical field of structure mechanical teaching research.
Background
In the learning process of structural mechanics, students commonly feel abstract methods and have strong systematic methods, and the method is a professional basic class which is very difficult to learn in the mind of the students. The internal force analysis and displacement calculation of the structure are the basis of learning the courses of structural mechanics, however, when many students analyze the internal force of the structure, the tensile side of the bending moment diagram is not clearly separated, the deformation deflection line of the structure cannot be qualitatively analyzed, and the influence on structural deformation of various supports (fixed support, hinged support and directional support) cannot be accurately judged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a universal node and an assembled structure mechanical deformation demonstration teaching aid.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a universal node, including: the fixed shaft, the rotating shaft and the elastic rod piece clamping groove;
the fixed shaft is provided with a plurality of elastic adjustable rotating shafts, the rotating shafts are fixedly connected with elastic rod piece clamping grooves, and the elastic rod piece clamping grooves are used for clamping the elastic rod pieces.
Further, the rotating shaft comprises a shaft part and a rotating shaft fixing part which are fixedly connected, a plurality of shaft holes are formed in a circle of the fixed shaft, a first fastening hole is formed in the side of each shaft hole, a second fastening hole is also formed in the rotating shaft fixing part, and the shaft part is rotatably connected with the shaft holes;
the fixing device further comprises a fastener which is used for connecting the first fastening hole with the second fastening hole and fixing the rotating shaft and the fixed shaft.
Further, the first fastening hole and the second fastening hole are pin holes, and the fastening piece is a pin.
Further, the elastic rod piece clamping groove comprises a clamping groove fixing part, a first clamping piece and a second clamping piece;
the clamping groove fixing part is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft fixing part and is detachably connected with the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece.
Further, anti-skid patterns are arranged inside the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece.
An assembled structural mechanics deformation demonstration teaching aid, comprising: the device comprises a plurality of elastic rods, one or more fixed supports, one or more hinged supports, one or more directional supports, support sliding rails, one or more loading devices, a track frame and universal nodes;
the fixed support is fixed on the inner side of the track frame and is used for fixedly connecting one end of an elastic rod piece;
the hinged support is fixed on the inner side of the track frame and is used for hinging one end of an elastic rod piece;
the support sliding rail is arranged on the inner side of the rail frame and is used for clamping the loading device, the fixed support, the hinged support and the directional support, and the directional support is fixedly connected with one end of an elastic rod piece;
the loading device is fixed on the inner side of the track frame, and the loading end of the loading device is clamped with an elastic rod piece;
the elastic rod clamping groove of the universal node is used for clamping one end of the elastic rod and assembling the elastic rod into the demonstration teaching aid.
Further, the support slide rail is a strip-shaped groove formed in the inner side of the track frame.
Further, the directional support comprises a slide block guide rail, a slide block and an elastic rod clamping device;
the sliding block guide rail is clamped with the support sliding rail;
the sliding block is in sliding connection with the sliding block guide rail;
the elastic rod clamping device is fixed on the sliding block and used for clamping the elastic rod.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: the device comprises a back plate, a rigid arm rotating track, a corner pushing device and a corner locking device;
the support sliding rail can also be arranged on the outer side of the track frame and is used for being connected with the directional support in a sliding way;
the two ends of the backboard are clamped by the directional supports arranged on the upper side and the lower side or the left side and the right side of the same surface of the track frame;
the universal joint is fixed below the rigid arm rotating track, the corner pushing device is fixed on the backboard, and the telescopic end of the corner pushing device is used for pushing the elastic rod piece clamping groove of the universal joint to rotate the universal joint; the corner locking device is arranged on the universal node and used for locking the universal node so as not to rotate;
further, the method further comprises the following steps: an additional link means of adjustable length;
one end of the additional chain rod device with adjustable length is connected with an elastic rod clamping groove, and the other end of the additional chain rod device is hinged with a hinged support fixed inside the track frame.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the teaching aid component for demonstrating structural mechanical deformation can be used for students to assemble required structural forms by themselves, deformation conditions of the structure are intuitively displayed, understanding of structural deformation flexible lines is deepened, and the tensile sides of the rod pieces can be deeply judged and understood. The displacement method basic principle demonstration device provided by the technology can deepen the understanding of students on the displacement method basic principle, can intuitively observe the functions of the rigid arm and the additional chain rod, and further understand the decomposition and synthesis of two factors (external load and node displacement) causing structural deformation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural form of a teaching aid assembly for demonstrating structural mechanical deformation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detail view of a universal node of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detail view of the universal joint of the present invention in a disassembled state;
FIG. 4 is a detail view of the directional support of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a detail view of the directional support slider of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a displacement method basic principle demonstration device;
FIG. 7 is a rear view of a displacement method basic principle demonstration device;
fig. 8 is a detail view of the additional link assembly.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, an assembled structural mechanics deformation demonstration teaching aid for rigid frame structure deformation demonstration includes: elastic rod 4, a plurality of universal joint, include: the device comprises a first universal joint 1, a second universal joint 2, a third universal joint 3, a fixed support 5, a hinged support 6, an oriented support 7, a support sliding rail 9, a loading device 8 and a track frame 10. Fig. 1 is a structural form of a teaching aid assembly for demonstrating structural mechanical deformation by the present invention.
The support slide rail 9 is a bar-shaped slotted hole formed in the track frame and is used for clamping the loading device 8, the fixed support 5, the hinged support 6 and the directional support 7, and the loading device 8, the fixed support 5, the hinged support 6, the directional support 7 and the like are conveniently replaced through the slotted hole design of the support slide rail 9 to carry out various demonstrations.
In FIG. 1, the elastic rod member is a polyurethane tendon rod, and the bending rigidity EI is approximately equal to 1200 N.m 2 The rod piece is ensured to deform visually under the action of load.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the universal joint is composed of a fixed shaft 11, a rotating shaft 12, a pin 13, a pin hole 15 and an elastic rod clamping groove 14.
The universal joint can be connected with 4 elastic rods 4 at most.
The universal joint can realize the functional conversion of the rigid joint, the hinging joint and the combined joint by loosening or fastening the pin 13. In fig. 1, the first universal joint 1 has a rigid joint function, the left side, the right side and the lower side are connected with 3 elastic rods 4, and the left side, the right side and the lower side are fastened with 3 pins 13; in fig. 1, the second universal joint 2 has a hinging function, the left side, the right side and the lower side are connected with 3 elastic rods 4, and the left side, the right side and the lower side are all relaxed with 3 pins 13; in fig. 1, the third universal joint 3 has a joint combining function, the left side, the right side and the lower side are connected with 3 elastic rods 4, the left side and the right side are both fastened by 2 pins 13, and the lower side is loosened by 1 pin 13.
The function of the hinge point of the universal joint can realize the maximum 180-degree rotation of the elastic rod piece.
The rigid node function of the universal node can realize that the two elastic rod pieces have any included angle.
The fixed support 5, the hinged support 6 and the directional support 7 can be clamped with the support sliding rail 9 according to the structural form, so that the fixed support, the hinged support 6 and the directional support 7 can be installed at any position of the track frame 10.
The loading device 8 can be arranged at a designated position of the track frame according to the structural form, and the loading device 8 adopts an electric drive or a hydraulic drive to drive a telescopic rod in the track frame.
The elastic rod clamping groove 14 is internally provided with threads and can be freely opened, so that the friction force during connection with the elastic rod 4 can be increased, and the elastic rod 4 can be conveniently installed.
As shown in fig. 4, the orientation support 7 is composed of a slide guide 71, a slide 72, and an elastic rod clamping device 73, and as shown in fig. 5, ball boxes 75 are provided on both sides of the slide 72, and ball balls 74 are placed in the ball boxes 75.
Embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7, an assembled structure mechanical deformation demonstration teaching aid is used for demonstrating basic principles of a displacement method, and comprises: the first elastic rod 100, the second elastic rod 101, the third elastic rod 102, the fourth universal joint 103, the fifth universal joint 104, the first fixed support 110, the second fixed support 111, the first directional support 114, the second directional support 115, the first support slide rail 116, the corner pushing device 105, the first track frame 113, the back plate 112, the first loading device 109, the corner locking device 106, the rigid arm rotating track 107 and the additional link device 108.
As shown in fig. 6, the fourth universal joint 103 connects the first elastic rod 100 and the second elastic rod 101, and the rigid connection between the first elastic rod 100 and one end of the second elastic rod 101 is achieved by fastening the pin of the fourth universal joint 103.
As shown in fig. 6, the fifth universal joint 104 connects the second elastic rod 101 and the third elastic rod 102, and the hinge function between the other end of the second elastic rod 101 and the third elastic rod 102 is achieved by loosening the pin of the fifth universal joint 104.
As shown in fig. 6, the back plate 112 is provided with a rigid arm rotation rail 107, a fourth universal node 103 is fixed below the rigid arm rotation rail 107, the corner pushing device 105 is fixed on the back plate 112, and the telescopic end of the corner pushing device 105 pushes an elastic rod clamping groove of the fourth universal node 103 for rotating the fourth universal node 103; the rotation angle locking device 106 is connected with the fourth universal joint 103 and the rigid arm rotation rail 107, and is used for locking the universal joint from rotating.
The rotation angle pushing device is driven by hydraulic, electric or manual rotation, the knob of the rotation angle locking device 106 is rotated to realize locking, and the fourth universal node 103 is clamped by the rotation knob to be not rotated.
As shown in fig. 7, the back plate 112 is clamped on both sides by a first orientation abutment 114 and a second orientation abutment 115 mounted on a first abutment slide 116 on the sides of the track frame.
As shown in fig. 6, one elastic rod clamping groove of the fifth universal joint 104 is connected with an additional chain rod device 108 with adjustable length, and the other end of the additional chain rod device 108 with adjustable length is hinged and fixed on a hinged support inside the track frame. The additional chain rod device 108 may be realized such that the whole structure has a horizontal displacement, as shown in fig. 8, a hollow female chain rod 1081 at one end of the additional chain rod device 108 is connected with an elastic rod clamping groove, a sub chain rod 1082 at the other end is hinged to a hinged support inside the track frame, and the movable whole structure drives the hollow female chain rod 1081 to move to a predetermined position, and then the rotary fixing sleeve 1083 clamps the sub chain rod 1082.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An assembled structural mechanics deformation demonstration teaching aid, which is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a plurality of elastic rods, one or more fixed supports, one or more hinged supports, one or more directional supports, support sliding rails, one or more loading devices, a track frame and one or more universal nodes;
the universal node includes: the fixed shaft, the rotating shaft and the elastic rod piece clamping groove;
the fixed shaft is provided with a plurality of elastic adjustable rotating shafts, the rotating shafts are fixedly connected with elastic rod piece clamping grooves, and the elastic rod piece clamping grooves are used for clamping the elastic rod pieces;
the fixed support is fixed on the inner side of the track frame and is used for fixedly connecting one end of an elastic rod piece;
the hinged support is fixed on the inner side of the track frame and is used for hinging one end of an elastic rod piece;
the support sliding rail is arranged on the inner side of the rail frame and is used for clamping the loading device, the fixed support, the hinged support and the directional support, and the directional support is fixedly connected with one end of an elastic rod piece;
the loading device is fixed on the inner side of the track frame, and the loading end of the loading device is clamped with an elastic rod piece;
the elastic rod clamping groove of the universal node is used for clamping one end of the elastic rod and assembling the elastic rod into a demonstration teaching aid;
further comprises: an additional link means of adjustable length;
one end of the length-adjustable additional chain rod device is connected with an elastic rod clamping groove, and the other end of the length-adjustable additional chain rod device is hinged with a hinged support fixed in the track frame;
the hollow master chain rod at one end of the additional chain rod device is connected with an elastic rod piece clamping groove, the sub chain rod at the other end of the additional chain rod device is hinged to the hinged support in the track frame, and the movable integral structure drives the hollow master chain rod to move to a preset position and then the sub chain rod is clamped by the rotary fixing sleeve;
further comprises: the device comprises a back plate, a rigid arm rotating track, a corner pushing device and a corner locking device;
the support sliding rail can also be arranged on the outer side of the track frame and is used for being connected with the directional support in a sliding way;
the two ends of the backboard are clamped by the directional supports arranged on the upper side and the lower side or the left side and the right side of the same surface of the track frame;
the universal joint is fixed below the rigid arm rotating track, the corner pushing device is fixed on the backboard, and the telescopic end of the corner pushing device is used for pushing the elastic rod piece clamping groove of the universal joint to rotate the universal joint; the corner locking device is arranged on the universal node and used for locking the universal node so as not to rotate;
the rotating shaft comprises a shaft part and a rotating shaft fixing part which are fixedly connected, a plurality of shaft holes are formed in a circle of the fixed shaft, a first fastening hole is formed in the side of each shaft hole, a second fastening hole is also formed in the rotating shaft fixing part, and the shaft part is rotatably connected with the shaft holes;
the fixing device further comprises a fastener which is used for connecting the first fastening hole with the second fastening hole and fixing the rotating shaft and the fixed shaft.
2. The teaching aid for demonstrating mechanical deformation of assembled structure according to claim 1, wherein the support sliding rail is a bar-shaped groove formed in the inner side of the track frame.
3. The teaching aid for demonstrating mechanical deformation of assembled structures according to claim 1, wherein the directional support comprises a slide guide rail, a slide and an elastic rod clamping device;
the sliding block guide rail is clamped with the support sliding rail;
the sliding block is in sliding connection with the sliding block guide rail;
the elastic rod clamping device is fixed on the sliding block and used for clamping the elastic rod.
4. The teaching aid for demonstrating mechanical deformation of assembled structures according to claim 1, wherein the first fastening holes and the second fastening holes are pin holes and the fasteners are pins.
5. The teaching aid for demonstrating mechanical deformation of assembled structures according to claim 1, wherein the elastic rod clamping groove comprises a clamping groove fixing part, a first clamping piece and a second clamping piece;
the clamping groove fixing part is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft fixing part and is detachably connected with the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece.
6. The teaching aid for demonstrating mechanical deformation of assembled structure according to claim 5, wherein anti-skid patterns are arranged inside the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111659022.5A CN114429725B (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Universal node and assembled structure mechanical deformation demonstration teaching aid |
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| CN202111659022.5A CN114429725B (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Universal node and assembled structure mechanical deformation demonstration teaching aid |
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| CN114429725B true CN114429725B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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