CN103761910B - A kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision and structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method - Google Patents
A kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision and structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103761910B CN103761910B CN201410013713.1A CN201410013713A CN103761910B CN 103761910 B CN103761910 B CN 103761910B CN 201410013713 A CN201410013713 A CN 201410013713A CN 103761910 B CN103761910 B CN 103761910B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method that is applicable to the experimental provision of structural mechanics displacement method teaching demonstration and utilizes this device, comprise pedestal 1, application of force valve 2, member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, amesdial A10 and amesdial B11, described application of force valve 2 is arranged on the side of pedestal 1, between described member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, amesdial A10 and amesdial B11 and described pedestal 1, is removably used in conjunction with. This device is simple to operate, principle is easy-to-understand, combine with traditional mechanics experiment and be easy to dismounting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dynamics experimental device, in particular to a kind of experimental provision and structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method of play configuration mechanics displacement method principle.
Background technology
Mechanics course has certain theoretical property, and in teaching process, teacher can deepen the understanding of student to a certain knowledge point in conjunction with the mode of experiment sometimes. It is particularly important that so the experimental demonstration device being easily understood a seems.
At present, in laboratory for the experimental provision of rational mechanics, the mechanics of materials many and comparative maturity. But, in the teaching of structural mechanics, there is no efficient easy-to-use demonstration teaching aid and help student to understand some basic principle and methods. Student feels difficult indigestion for the Teaching of Structural Mechanics content of present stage, and interest is average. We wish to develop a kind of teaching demonstration instrument of comparatively simple, intuitive, by vivid model demonstration, increase classroom middle school student and teacher's interaction, improve student's learning enthusiasm. Knowwhy dry as dust can profoundly be accepted by beginner fast and understand.
Summary of the invention
In order to have overcome deficiency of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of simple to operate, principle is easy-to-understand and combine with traditional mechanics experiment and be easy to the experimental provision of dismounting.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision, comprise pedestal 1, application of force valve 2, member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, amesdial A10 and amesdial B11, described application of force valve 2 is arranged on the side of pedestal 1, between described member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, amesdial A10 and amesdial B11 and described pedestal 1, is removably used in conjunction with.
Preferably, described member structure 3 is made up of cross bar, montant and large rigidity connector, and cross bar and montant removably connect with large rigidity connector respectively, between large rigidity connector and angle point bearing 5, are detachably used in conjunction with.
Preferably, described cross bar and montant adopt identical material, and cross section is square-section, and the rigidity of described large rigidity connector is greater than described cross bar and montant, the lower end of described montant has circular hole, and described montant and base bearing 4 are detachably used in conjunction with.
Preferably, on described large rigidity connector, be equipped with circular hole, described large rigidity connector removably connects by bolt and angle point bearing 5.
Preferably, described structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises weight group 8 and steel wire rope 9, and described weight group 8 is suspended on described cross bar, and described steel wire rope 9 is used in conjunction with base bearing 4 and fixed pulley bearing 7 respectively.
Preferably, described pedestal 1 is made up of base and outside framework, and adopts steel material.
Preferably, described base bearing 4 is made up of three groups of matching used bolts and bolt hole and a fixed pulley, and wherein, middle bolt hole has identical size with the circular hole that the montant lower end of described member structure 3 is offered; Described angle point bearing 5 is provided with one group of bolt hole being used in conjunction with and bolt, and the circular hole on the large rigidity connector of the bolt hole on described angle point bearing 5 and member structure 3 has identical size.
Preferably, described structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises foil gauge and resistance strain gauge, described member structure 3 is provided with three measurement point a that are made up of foil gauge, b, c, each measurement point sticks foil gauge in the inside and outside both sides of bar, and described foil gauge is connected to resistance strain gauge by half-bridge circuit.
Preferably, described directional support 6 comprises lateral part and vertical part, " ten " font groove has been dug in inside, lateral part, the public part of the cross bar in described member structure 3 and large rigidity connector is slidably matched with described " ten " font groove, described public part fits tightly and is assemblied in " ten " font groove, the lateral surface of described lateral part has the shallow slot of two vertical directions, and the shallow slot of two bossy bodies of described vertical part inner side and described vertical direction is slidably matched.
The present invention also provides a kind of structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method that utilizes above-mentioned structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision to carry out, and it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) on member structure 3, establish three measurement point a, b and c, foil gauge is sticked in the inside and outside both sides of rod member, and described foil gauge is connected to resistance strain gauge by half-bridge circuit, thereby described resistance strain gauge obtains moment by surveying its strain value;
2) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing 4 and amesdial B11, and two groups, the outside of base bearing 4 bolt hole bolt is entered to bolt, and regulate weight group 8 near position cross bar mid point, read the strain value reading shown in resistance strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma, Mb, Mc, read amesdial B11 reading, be designated as Y;
3) remove all bearings, take off weight group 8, only assemble base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5 and amesdial A10, take off two groups, 4 outside of base bearing bolt in step 2, the bolt that bolt enters base bearing 4 by the circular hole of the montant lower end in member structure 3 together with middle screw keyhole bolt, the bolt that bolt enters frame supporter 5 by the large rigidity connector in member structure 3 together with frame supporter 5 bolts; Clockwise rotate application of force valve 2, make large rigidity connector have a minor rotation around the bolt of angle point bearing 5, read the reading of amesdial A10, be designated as X1, by X1 divided by the circular hole center of circle on large rigidity connector to the vertical range L between application of force valve 2 point of applications, can obtain the angle that large rigidity connector turns over, be designated as A, the rad of unit, read now resistance strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively and be designated as respectively Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1, respectively by Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1 divided by A, obtain Ma1 ', Mb1 ' and Mc1 ';
4) remove all bearings, unclamp application of force valve 2, assembling base bearing 4, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7 and amesdial B11, base bearing 4 only enters bolt at the bolt hole bolt in two groups of outsides, one end of steel wire rope 9 is fixed on to the lower end of the montant of member structure 3, walk around the fixed pulley of base bearing 4, walk around again the fixed pulley of fixed pulley bearing 7, the other end carry counterweight of steel wire rope 9, make montant in the vertical direction have a micro-displacement, read the reading of amesdial B11, be designated as X2, read now resistance strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2, respectively by Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2 are divided by X2, obtain Ma2 ', Mb2 ' and Mc2 ',
5) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing 4 and directional support 6, base bearing 4 bolts enter the bolt of middle screw keyhole, by the weight group of equal in quality 8 carries in step 2 in same position place, read the now strain value reading shown in resistance strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Map, Mbp and Mcp;
6) according to displacement principle of structural mechanics, by
Ma=S1*Ma1’+S2*Ma2’+Map,Mb=S1*Mb1’+S2*Mb2’+Mbp,
The equation group of tri-equation compositions of Mc=S1*Mc1 '+S2*Mc2 '+Mcp, wherein, S1 and S2 represent respectively angular displacement and displacement of the lines unknown quantity in displacement method, are solved the value of unknown number S1 and S2 by any two equations wherein, and the 3rd equation is used for the size of compare error;
7) in the scope allowing in error, whether the value of contrast S2 is consistent with the Y value in step 2, and said process is by utilizing this experimental provision to demonstrate structural mechanics displacement ratio juris.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: first this experimental provision has made up the vacancy of current structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision; Secondly, this apparatus structure principle is simple, and each assembly is easy to dismounting, only needs to change corresponding bearing, just can realize the traditional mechanics experimental simulation of multiple various boundary conditions under a framework.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of experimental provision of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of member structure of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of base bearing of the present invention
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of directional support of the present invention
Detailed description of the invention
For making object, the technical scheme and a little clearer of the embodiment of the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing of the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described. Obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, instead of whole embodiment. Based on described embodiments of the invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite without creative work, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision comprises pedestal 1, application of force valve 2, member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, amesdial A10 and amesdial B11, described application of force valve 2 is arranged on the side of pedestal 1, between described member structure 3, base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7, amesdial A10 and amesdial B11 and described pedestal 1, is removably used in conjunction with.
As shown in Figure 2, member structure 3 is made up of cross bar, montant and large rigidity connector, and cross bar and montant removably connect with large rigidity connector respectively, between large rigidity connector and angle point bearing 5, are detachably used in conjunction with. Cross bar and montant adopt identical material, and cross section is square-section, and the rigidity of described large rigidity connector is greater than described cross bar and montant, and the lower end of described montant has circular hole, and described montant and base bearing 4 are detachably used in conjunction with. On large rigidity connector, be equipped with circular hole, described large rigidity connector removably connects by bolt and angle point bearing 5. Structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises weight group 8 and steel wire rope 9, and described weight group 8 is suspended on described cross bar, and described steel wire rope 9 is used in conjunction with base bearing 4 and fixed pulley bearing 7 respectively.
As shown in Figure 3, described pedestal 1 is made up of base and outside framework, and adopts steel material. Base bearing 4 is made up of three groups of matching used bolts and bolt hole and a fixed pulley, and wherein, middle bolt hole has identical size with the circular hole that the montant lower end of described member structure 3 is offered; Described angle point bearing 5 is provided with one group of bolt hole being used in conjunction with and bolt, and the circular hole on the large rigidity connector of the bolt hole on described angle point bearing 5 and member structure 3 has identical size.
Structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises foil gauge and resistance strain gauge, described member structure 3 is provided with three measurement point a that are made up of foil gauge, b, c, each measurement point sticks foil gauge in the inside and outside both sides of bar, and described foil gauge is connected to resistance strain gauge by half-bridge circuit.
As shown in Figure 4, described directional support 6 has two parts, laterally with vertical part. " ten " font groove has been dug in inside, lateral part, and in this groove and member structure 3, the cross section of the public part of cross bar and large rigidity connector coincide, and can fit tightly after assembling, and can be free to slide. On the outside vertical direction of lateral part, have two shallow slots, match with two bossy bodies of vertical partial interior, and also fit tightly after assembling, and can slide along vertical. After whole directional support 6 assemblings, can make the large rigidity connector in member structure 3 miniature linear displacement in transverse direction and perpendicular direction only occur and any angular displacement does not occur.
The structural mechanics displacement method lecture experiment that utilizes said structure mechanics displacement method experimental provision to carry out, is undertaken by following steps:
1) on member structure 3, establish three measurement point a, b and c, foil gauge is sticked in the inside and outside both sides of rod member, and described foil gauge is connected to resistance strain gauge by half-bridge circuit, thereby described resistance strain gauge obtains moment by surveying its strain value;
2) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing 4 and amesdial B11, and two groups, the outside of base bearing 4 bolt hole bolt is entered to bolt, and regulate weight group 8 near position cross bar mid point, read the strain value reading shown in resistance strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma, Mb, Mc, read amesdial B11 reading, be designated as Y;
3) remove all bearings, take off weight group 8, only assemble base bearing 4, angle point bearing 5 and amesdial A10, take off two groups, 4 outside of base bearing bolt in step 2, the bolt that bolt enters base bearing 4 by the circular hole of the montant lower end in member structure 3 together with middle screw keyhole bolt, the bolt that bolt enters frame supporter 5 by the large rigidity connector in member structure 3 together with frame supporter 5 bolts; Clockwise rotate application of force valve 2, make large rigidity connector have a minor rotation around the bolt of angle point bearing 5, read the reading of amesdial A10, be designated as X1, by X1 divided by the circular hole center of circle on large rigidity connector to the vertical range L between application of force valve 2 point of applications, can obtain the angle that large rigidity connector turns over, be designated as A, the rad of unit, read now resistance strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively and be designated as respectively Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1, respectively by Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1 divided by A, obtain Ma1 ', Mb1 ' and Mc1 ';
4) remove all bearings, unclamp application of force valve 2, assembling base bearing 4, directional support 6, fixed pulley bearing 7 and amesdial B11, base bearing 4 only enters bolt at the bolt hole bolt in two groups of outsides, one end of steel wire rope 9 is fixed on to the lower end of the montant of member structure 3, walk around the fixed pulley of base bearing 4, walk around again the fixed pulley of fixed pulley bearing 7, the other end carry counterweight of steel wire rope 9, make montant in the vertical direction have a micro-displacement, read the reading of amesdial B11, be designated as X2, read now resistance strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2, respectively by Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2 are divided by X2, obtain Ma2 ', Mb2 ' and Mc2 ',
5) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing 4 and directional support 6, base bearing 4 bolts enter the bolt of middle screw keyhole, by the weight group of equal in quality 8 carries in step 2 in same position place, read the now strain value reading shown in resistance strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Map, Mbp and Mcp;
6) according to displacement principle of structural mechanics, by
Ma=S1*Ma1’+S2*Ma2’+Map,Mb=S1*Mb1’+S2*Mb2’+Mbp,
The equation group of tri-equation compositions of Mc=S1*Mc1 '+S2*Mc2 '+Mcp, wherein, S1 and S2 represent respectively angular displacement and displacement of the lines unknown quantity in displacement method, are solved the value of unknown number S1 and S2 by any two equations wherein, and the 3rd equation is used for the size of compare error;
7) in the scope allowing in error, whether the value of contrast S2 is consistent with the Y value in step 2, and said process is by utilizing this experimental provision to demonstrate structural mechanics displacement ratio juris.
These are only embodiments of the present invention, it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision, it is characterized in that: comprise pedestal (1), application of force valve (2), member structure (3), base bearing (4), angle point bearing (5), directional support (6), fixed pulley bearing (7), amesdial A(10) and amesdial B(11), described application of force valve (2) is arranged on the side of pedestal (1), described member structure (3), base bearing (4), angle point bearing (5), directional support (6), fixed pulley bearing (7), amesdial A(10) and amesdial B(11) and described pedestal (1) between be removably used in conjunction with,
Described member structure (3) is made up of cross bar, montant and large rigidity connector, and cross bar and montant removably connect with large rigidity connector respectively, between large rigidity connector and angle point bearing (5), is detachably used in conjunction with;
Described cross bar and montant adopt identical material, cross section is square-section, the rigidity of described large rigidity connector is greater than described cross bar and montant, and the lower end of described montant has circular hole, and described montant and base bearing (4) are detachably used in conjunction with;
On described large rigidity connector, be equipped with circular hole, described large rigidity connector removably connects by bolt and angle point bearing (5);
Described base bearing (4) is made up of three groups of matching used bolts and bolt hole and a fixed pulley, and wherein, middle bolt hole has identical size with the circular hole that the montant lower end of described member structure (3) is offered; Described angle point bearing (5) is provided with one group of bolt hole being used in conjunction with and bolt, and the bolt hole on described angle point bearing (5) has identical size with the circular hole on the large rigidity connector of member structure (3);
Described directional support (6) comprises lateral part and vertical part, " ten " font groove has been dug in inside, lateral part, the public part of the cross bar in described member structure (3) and large rigidity connector is slidably matched with described " ten " font groove, described public part fits tightly and is assemblied in " ten " font groove, the lateral surface of described lateral part has the shallow slot of two vertical directions, and the shallow slot of two bossy bodies of described vertical part inner side and described vertical direction is slidably matched.
2. a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises weight group (8) and steel wire rope (9), described weight group (8) is suspended on described cross bar, and described steel wire rope (9) is used in conjunction with base bearing (4) and fixed pulley bearing (7) respectively.
3. a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pedestal (1) is made up of base and outside framework, and adopts steel material.
4. a kind of structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision also comprises foil gauge and resistance strain gauge, described member structure (3) is provided with three measurement point a, b, c that are made up of foil gauge, each measurement point sticks foil gauge in the inside and outside both sides of bar, and described foil gauge is connected to resistance strain gauge by half-bridge circuit.
5. a structural mechanics displacement method demenstration method that utilizes the structural mechanics displacement method experimental provision described in claim 2 to carry out, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) on member structure (3), establish three measurement point a, b and c, foil gauge is sticked in the inside and outside both sides of rod member, and described foil gauge is connected to resistance strain gauge by half-bridge circuit, thereby described resistance strain gauge obtains moment by surveying its strain value;
2) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing (4) and amesdial B(11), and two groups, the outside of base bearing (4) bolt hole bolt is entered to bolt, regulate weight group (8) near position cross bar mid point, read the strain value reading shown in resistance strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma, Mb, Mc, read amesdial B(11) reading, be designated as Y;
3) remove all bearings, take off weight group (8), only assemble base bearing (4), angle point bearing (5) and amesdial A(10), take off step 2) the two groups of bolts in middle base bearing (4) outside, the bolt that bolt enters base bearing (4) by the circular hole of the montant lower end in member structure (3) together with middle screw keyhole bolt, the bolt that bolt enters frame supporter (5) by the large rigidity connector in member structure (3) together with frame supporter (5) bolt, clockwise rotate application of force valve (2), make large rigidity connector have a minor rotation around the bolt of angle point bearing (5), read amesdial A(10) reading, be designated as X1, by X1 divided by the circular hole center of circle on large rigidity connector to the vertical range L between application of force valve (2) point of application, can obtain the angle that large rigidity connector turns over, be designated as A, the rad of unit, read now resistance strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1, respectively by Ma1, Mb1 and Mc1 are divided by A, obtain Ma1 ', Mb1 ' and Mc1 ',
4) remove all bearings, unclamp application of force valve (2), assembling base bearing (4), directional support (6), fixed pulley bearing (7) and amesdial B(11), base bearing (4) only enters bolt at the bolt hole bolt in two groups of outsides, one end of steel wire rope (9) is fixed on to the lower end of the montant of member structure (3), walk around the fixed pulley of base bearing (4), walk around again the fixed pulley of fixed pulley bearing (7), the other end carry counterweight of steel wire rope (9), make montant in the vertical direction have a micro-displacement, read amesdial B(11) reading, be designated as X2, read now resistance strain gauge reading, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2, respectively by Ma2, Mb2 and Mc2 are divided by X2, obtain Ma2 ', Mb2 ' and Mc2 ',
5) remove all bearings, only assemble base bearing (4) and directional support (6), base bearing (4) bolt enters the bolt of middle screw keyhole, by the weight group of equal in quality (8) carry in step 2) in same position place, read the now strain value reading shown in resistance strain gauge, calculate the moment of three measurement points, be designated as respectively Map, Mbp and Mcp;
6) according to displacement principle of structural mechanics, by
Ma=S1*Ma1’+S2*Ma2’+Map,Mb=S1*Mb1’+S2*Mb2’+Mbp,
The equation group of tri-equation compositions of Mc=S1*Mc1 '+S2*Mc2 '+Mcp, wherein, S1 and S2 represent respectively angular displacement and displacement of the lines unknown quantity in displacement method, are solved the value of unknown number S1 and S2 by any two equations wherein, and the 3rd equation is used for the size of compare error;
7) error allow scope in, contrast S2 value and step 2) in Y value whether consistent, said process is by utilizing this experimental provision to demonstrate structural mechanics displacement ratio juris.
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