CN114425827A - Method for preparing prefabricated body based on 3D printing - Google Patents
Method for preparing prefabricated body based on 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114425827A CN114425827A CN202111226483.3A CN202111226483A CN114425827A CN 114425827 A CN114425827 A CN 114425827A CN 202111226483 A CN202111226483 A CN 202111226483A CN 114425827 A CN114425827 A CN 114425827A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006253 high performance fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000174 L-prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B11/00—Making preforms
- B29B11/06—Making preforms by moulding the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/379—Handling of additively manufactured objects, e.g. using robots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a prefabricated body based on a 3D printing technology, which comprises the following steps: firstly, determining a prefabricated body structure to be printed, establishing a prefabricated body model by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, and then reversely calculating and deriving a prefabricated body fiber bundle as a matrix model of a pore channel by applying Boolean operation. And forming a pore channel in the matrix model according to the spatial direction of the fiber bundles in the preform model, printing the matrix model by adopting 3D to obtain a preform framework, implanting the fiber bundles into the framework, finally dissolving and removing the framework, and leaving the fiber bundles to form the preform. Because the fiber bundles are supported in a mutual crossing way in space, the fiber bundles can not scatter after the framework is dissolved, and the method avoids the problems of complex process, large equipment size, large fiber bundle damage and the like when a prefabricated body is prepared by adopting a weaving way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of a prefabricated body, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a prefabricated body by adopting a 3D printing technology.
Background
The content of the fiber bundles of the prefabricated body in the direction perpendicular to the X, Y, Z axes can be flexibly designed, and the prefabricated body is endowed with excellent performances of thermoelectric property and the like after composite processing. The reinforcing structure of the composite material or the shape structure of the supporting preform and its quality therefore substantially determine the properties of the composite material. The prefabricated body is mainly characterized in that: the fiber bundles are interwoven and oriented in multiple directions in the finished piece, so that an integral structure is formed, the finished piece is reinforced in all directions, particularly in the thickness direction, and the delamination is avoided. 2, three-dimensional integral special-shaped parts with various shapes and different sizes can be directly woven in a copying way, such as three-dimensional integral thick-wall round tubes, circular rings, cone sleeves, I-shaped beams, T-shaped beams, L-shaped beams, box-shaped beams and the like. The composite material part made of the fiber bundle needs no further processing, and the fiber bundle damage caused by processing is avoided. 3, various high-performance fibers such as carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, quartz fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, and ordinary fibers can be used for weaving. Therefore, the preform technology is rapidly developed in recent years, becomes one of key preparation technologies of composite material members used in the high-tech fields of aviation, aerospace and the like, and has good development prospect.
At present, the prefabricated body meets the requirements of composite materials in the fields of aerospace, rail transit and the like. However, the weaving method is adopted for preparation, so that the process is complex, the requirement on equipment is high, the size is large, and the period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a prefabricated body by adopting a 3D printing technology. Meanwhile, the unit size can be conveniently changed by designing different fiber bundle diameters (fineness), the number of the units is not changed, and the development requirements of different prefabricated bodies are met.
The above object of the invention is achieved by the features of the independent claims, the dependent claims developing the features of the independent claims in alternative or advantageous ways.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a prefabricated body prepared based on a 3D printing technology and a method thereof comprise the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly determining a prefabricated body structure to be printed, establishing a prefabricated body model by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, establishing a matrix model by adopting Boolean operation and reverse derivation according to the prefabricated body model, forming a pore channel in the matrix model according to the space trend of a fiber bundle in the prefabricated body structure, preparing the matrix model by adopting a 3D printing technology, implanting the fiber bundle into the pore channel of a printed prefabricated body framework, finally dissolving and removing the prefabricated body framework, and reserving the fiber bundle to form the prefabricated body.
Preferably, the preform structure includes an orthorhombic three-dimensional structure, a 2.5D structure, a three-dimensional multi-dimensional structure, or a stacked structure of any two or three of them.
Preferably, according to a prefabricated body structure to be printed, through three-dimensional modeling software, firstly establishing a prefabricated body unit cell model, setting unit cell size, wherein the unit cell is the arrangement of fiber bundles in the smallest unit of the prefabricated body, and after the unit cell is designed, establishing an integral prefabricated body model according to the appearance and the size of the prefabricated body, wherein the unit cell structure comprises one or a combination structure of a plurality of structures of an orthogonal three-way structure, a 2.5D structure and a three-dimensional multi-way structure.
Specifically, the prefabricated body structure to be printed is an orthogonal three-way structure, such as a planar multi-orientation structure, the specification, the spacing and the like of X, Y, Z three-way fiber bundles are used as modeling parameters, and a prefabricated body unit cell structure model is firstly established through three-dimensional modeling software.
Specifically, the prefabricated body structure to be printed is a 2.5D structure, and comprises 2.5D derivative structures with 2.5D structural characteristics such as shallow intersection and direct connection, shallow intersection and bent connection, deep intersection and the like based on plain weave, twill weave and satin weave, warp and weft density, warp and weft yarn specification, volume content and structural category are used as modeling parameters, and a prefabricated body unit cell structural model is firstly established through three-dimensional modeling software.
Specifically, the prefabricated body structure to be printed is a three-dimensional multidirectional structure, including three-dimensional four-way, three-dimensional five-way, three-dimensional six-way and the like, the length of a female-direction flower section, the length of a circumferential flower section, the length of a thickness-direction flower section and the like are used as modeling parameters, and a prefabricated body unit cell structure model is firstly established through three-dimensional modeling software.
Preferably, the matrix model is established by reverse derivation according to the preform model, the pore passage in the matrix model is formed according to the spatial direction of the preform fiber bundle, and the pore passage can be any one or more of a straight passage, an inclined straight passage, a bent passage and the like.
Preferably, the method for implanting the fiber bundles in the pore channels of the prefabricated body framework comprises an air flow introduction method, a medium introduction method and a flexible bar direct introduction method.
Preferably, the fiber bundles are synchronously introduced or implanted in all directions during the introduction of the fiber bundles, and the yarn is held in the opposite directions without mutual influence.
Preferably, the matrix model is prepared by a 3D printing technique using a soluble printing material, which includes polyvinyl alcohol, soluble resin, and the like.
Preferably, the pre-fabricated body framework is removed by high-temperature ablation or water dissolution.
Preferably, the fiber bundle comprises high temperature resistant, high performance fibers such as carbon fibers, quartz fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers (e.g., alumina fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, etc.), and the like, in either a wet or dry state.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. the 3D printing method is adopted to prepare the soluble framework material, so that the cost is low and the period is short; 2. the accuracy of the structure and the technological parameters is obviously improved; 3. the structure designability is more flexible; 4. compared with the traditional weaving process, the fiber damage is relatively low; 5. complex weaving equipment is not needed, and labor cost is reduced.
According to the method, the soluble prefabricated body is prepared by a 3D printing technology and used as the framework, the fiber bundles are implanted into the framework, the framework is dissolved and removed, the fiber bundles are left to form the prefabricated body, and the fiber bundles are supported in a space mutual combination mode, so that the fiber bundles cannot scatter after the framework is dissolved.
It should be understood that all combinations of the aforementioned concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered part of the inventive subject matter of the present application, provided that such concepts do not contradict each other. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the inventive subject matter of this application.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of implanting fiber bundles in a preform skeleton according to the present invention, wherein a is a wire guide, b is a needle guide, c is a suction type, and d is a carbon rod implant.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a modeling process of a typical orthotropic three-dimensional structural preform of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a modeling process of a typical 2.5D shallow-intersection structural preform of example 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a modeling process of a typical three-dimensional core structural preform of example 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a modeling process of a typical three-dimensional face-core structural preform of example 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a modeling process of a three-dimensional four-way structured cylindrical preform of example 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the cylindrical prefabricated unit cell of the three-dimensional four-way structure of example 5 stacked in the warp direction.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a modeling process of a two-structure composite preform of example 6.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Aspects of the invention are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the invention are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
Different fabric structure types form different pore channels according to the spatial trend of the fiber bundles, the method is the same, the fabric structure, namely a prefabricated body structure, is determined, the volume content of the prefabricated body, the diameter of the fiber bundles, the proportion of the fiber bundles in all directions and the like are designed, a three-dimensional modeling method is adopted to establish a prefabricated body unit cell model according to the parameters as modeling parameters, and an integral prefabricated body model is established according to the appearance and the size of the prefabricated body after the unit cell structure is designed. And obtaining a matrix model through reverse derivation according to Boolean operation, wherein the pore passage in the matrix model is formed according to the space trend of the fiber bundle in the prefabricated body structure and can be any one or more of a straight passage, an inclined straight passage, a bent passage, a non-penetrating passage and the like. And implanting the matrix model into a 3D printing software system, synchronously inputting and associating the shape and the size of the prefabricated body to be printed, and preparing the matrix model through 3D printing to obtain a prefabricated body framework. And implanting fiber bundles into the pore channels of the printed prefabricated body skeleton, and finally dissolving and removing the prefabricated body skeleton to leave the fiber bundles to form the final prefabricated body.
The invention adopts soluble resin or polyvinyl alcohol as the material of the 3D printing preform framework, for example, the polyvinyl alcohol can be dissolved at about 230 ℃ or dissolved in water bath at 100 ℃. The soluble resin or polyvinyl alcohol is carbonized into gas and matrix carbon after high-temperature ablation. Namely, the fiber can not be damaged and corroded after being dissolved at high temperature, and the later compounding is not influenced.
The mode of implanting the fiber bundle of the present invention includes several modes as shown in fig. 1:
1) wire lead
And introducing a fiber bundle at the tail part of the steel needle, wherein the fiber bundle forms a lantern ring to drive the fiber bundle to be placed in the pore channel.
2) Needle guide
The fiber bundle is directly penetrated through a needle hole at the tail part of the steel needle, and the steel needle penetrates through a pore passage to directly place the fiber bundle.
3) Air suction type
And (3) adopting a vacuum negative pressure principle, enabling the air suction pipe to penetrate through the pore channel, adsorbing the fiber bundle from the other end of the pore channel, pulling out the pore channel by the air suction pipe, and pulling out the fiber bundle from the pore channel to finish yarn standing.
4) Carbon rod implantation
The single fiber directly wraps the sizing agent, the hardness is increased after solidification to become a carbon rod, and the carbon rod is directly added to be inserted into the pore passage through an inserting mechanism to finish yarn standing.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the preform structure in this embodiment, i.e., the fabric structure type, is an orthogonal three-way structure, and first, according to the fabric structure type, the unit cell structure model of the orthogonal three-way structure preform model is built by using three-dimensional modeling software such as Pro/E with X, Y, Z three-way fiber bundle specification (2 strands of 198tex carbon fibers, respectively) and a pitch (X, Y pitch is 1.0mm, respectively, and Z pitch is 0.7 mm) as modeling parameters. Setting the size of a single cell structure model to be 1.0mm multiplied by 0.7mm, wherein the single cell structure is the arrangement of fiber bundles in the minimum unit in the prefabricated part, and after the single cell structure model is designed, establishing an integral prefabricated part model by adopting a repeated superposition method according to the appearance and the size of the prefabricated part.
And performing Boolean operation, obtaining a matrix model according to the reverse derivation of the preform model, forming a pore channel in the matrix model according to the space trend of a fiber bundle in the preform model, implanting the matrix model into a 3D printing software system, synchronously inputting and associating the shape and the size of the preform to be printed, and preparing the matrix model through 3D printing to obtain the preform framework.
And implanting fiber bundles into the pore channels of the printed prefabricated body skeleton, finally placing the prefabricated body into a water bath container at 100 ℃, dissolving for multiple times to remove the skeleton, and leaving the fiber bundles to form the final prefabricated body.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, the preform structure in this embodiment, that is, the fabric structure type, is a 2.5D shallow cross-linking structure, and first, according to the fabric structure type, a single cell structure model of the 2.5D shallow cross-linking structure preform model is established by using ANSYS software with warp and weft densities (8 warp densities/cm, 2.5 weft densities/cm), warp and weft yarn specifications (2 strands of 198tex carbon fibers in the warp direction, and 4 strands of 198tex carbon fibers in the weft direction), and a volume content (45%) as modeling parameters. Setting the size of a single cell structure model to be 1.25mm multiplied by 4mm multiplied by 1.20mm, wherein the single cell structure is the arrangement of fiber bundles in the minimum unit in the prefabricated part, and after the single cell structure model is designed, establishing an integral prefabricated part model by adopting a repeated superposition method according to the appearance and the size of the prefabricated part.
And performing Boolean operation, obtaining a matrix model according to the reverse derivation of the preform model, forming a pore channel in the matrix model according to the space trend of a fiber bundle in the preform model, implanting the matrix model into a 3D printing software system, synchronously inputting and associating the shape and the size of the preform to be printed, and preparing the matrix model through 3D printing to obtain the preform framework.
And implanting fiber bundles into the pore channels of the printed prefabricated body skeleton, finally placing the prefabricated body into a water bath container at 100 ℃, dissolving for multiple times to remove the skeleton, and leaving the fiber bundles to form the final prefabricated body.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, the preform structure in this embodiment, that is, the fabric structure type, is a three-dimensional four-way structure (three-dimensional core structure), firstly, according to the fabric structure type, a unit cell structure model of the three-dimensional core structure preform model is established by using ANSYS software with a female-direction flower section length of 4.3mm, a circumferential flower section length of 1.46mm, and a thickness-direction flower section length of 0.67mm (T300-3K carbon fiber, 3 strands) as modeling parameters, the unit cell structure model is set to have a size of 4.3mm × 1.46mm × 0.67mm, the unit cell structure is an arrangement of fiber bundles in a minimum unit in the preform, and after the unit cell structure model is designed, a repeated stacking method is adopted to establish an overall preform model according to the preform appearance and size.
And performing Boolean operation, obtaining a matrix model according to the reverse derivation of the preform model, forming a pore channel in the matrix model according to the spatial direction of a fiber bundle in the preform model, implanting the matrix model into a 3D printing software system, synchronously inputting and associating the shape and the size of the preform to be printed, and preparing the matrix model through 3D printing to obtain the preform framework.
And implanting fiber bundles into the pore channels of the printed prefabricated body skeleton, finally placing the prefabricated body into a water bath container at 100 ℃, dissolving for multiple times to remove the skeleton, and leaving the fiber bundles to form the final prefabricated body.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 5, the preform structure in this embodiment, that is, the fabric structure type, is a three-dimensional five-way structure (three-dimensional face core structure), firstly, according to the fabric structure type, a unit cell structure model of the three-dimensional face core structure preform model is established by using ANSYS software with a female-direction flower section length of 5.2mm, a circumferential flower section length of 1.7mm, and a thickness-direction flower section length of 1.3mm (T300-3K carbon fiber, 2 strands) as modeling parameters, the unit cell structure model is set to have a size of 5.2mm × 1.7mm × 1.3mm, the unit cell structure is an arrangement of fiber bundles in a minimum unit in the preform, and after the unit cell structure model is designed, a repeated stacking method is adopted to establish an overall preform model according to the preform appearance and size.
And performing Boolean operation, obtaining a matrix model according to the reverse derivation of the preform model, forming a pore channel in the matrix model according to the spatial direction of a fiber bundle in the preform model, implanting the matrix model into a 3D printing software system, synchronously inputting and associating the shape and the size of the preform to be printed, and preparing the matrix model through 3D printing to obtain the preform framework.
And implanting fiber bundles into the pore channels of the printed prefabricated body skeleton, finally placing the prefabricated body into a water bath container at 100 ℃, dissolving for multiple times to remove the skeleton, and leaving the fiber bundles to form the final prefabricated body.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the cylindrical preform structure, that is, the fabric structure type, is a three-dimensional four-way structure, first, according to the fabric structure type, a unit cell structure model of the three-dimensional core structure preform model is established using ANSYS software with a mother-direction flower section length of 6.0mm, a circumferential flower section length of 2.0mm, and a thickness-direction flower section length of 1.55mm (T300-3K carbon fiber, 2 strands) as modeling parameters, the unit cell structure model is set to have a size of 6.0mm × 2.0mm × 1.55mm, the unit cell structure is an arrangement of fiber bundles in a minimum unit in the preform, and after the unit cell structure model is designed, a repeated superposition method is adopted (the unit cell size in the same circumferential direction is unchanged, and is reduced layer by layer at an included angle of 30 ° in the warp direction, as shown in fig. 7), and an overall preform model is established according to the preform appearance and size.
And performing Boolean operation, obtaining a matrix model according to the reverse derivation of the preform model, forming a pore channel in the matrix model according to the spatial direction of a fiber bundle in the preform model, implanting the matrix model into a 3D printing software system, synchronously inputting and associating the shape and the size of the preform to be printed, and preparing the matrix model through 3D printing to obtain the preform framework.
And implanting fiber bundles into the pore channels of the printed prefabricated body skeleton, finally placing the prefabricated body into a water bath container at 100 ℃, dissolving for multiple times to remove the skeleton, and leaving the fiber bundles to form the final prefabricated body.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 8, the preform structure in this embodiment includes two structures of three-dimensional and 2.5D shallow cross-bending, firstly, according to the structural characteristics of different regions of the preform, a three-dimensional unit cell model is established by using X, Y, Z three-directional fiber bundle specifications (2 strands of 198tex carbon fibers, respectively), a pitch (X-directional pitch is 0.6mm, Y-directional pitch is 1.25mm, and Z-directional pitch is 0.7 mm) as parameters, and then a 2.5D structure model is established by using warp and weft densities (8 warp and weft densities, 2.5 weft densities, warp and weft yarn specifications (2 strands of 198tex carbon fibers, 4 strands of 198tex carbon fibers, and volume content (45%) as parameters. Wherein the size of the unit cell model at the three-dimensional structure is 1.25mm multiplied by 0.7mm, and the size of the unit cell model at the 2.5D structure is 1.25mm multiplied by 4mm multiplied by 1.20 mm; the two structural models are connected by the X-direction fiber bundles, so that the integrity of the prefabricated body at different structures is ensured. And establishing an integral prefabricated body model by adopting a synchronous superposition method at each position according to the shapes and the sizes of different structures.
And performing Boolean operation, obtaining a matrix model according to the reverse derivation of the preform model, forming a pore channel in the matrix model according to the spatial direction of a fiber bundle in the preform model, implanting the matrix model into a 3D printing software system, synchronously inputting and associating the shape and the size of the preform to be printed, and preparing the matrix model through 3D printing to obtain the preform framework.
And implanting fiber bundles into the pore channels of the printed prefabricated body skeleton, finally placing the prefabricated body into a water bath container at 100 ℃, dissolving for multiple times to remove the skeleton, and leaving the fiber bundles to form the final prefabricated body.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A method for preparing a prefabricated body based on a 3D printing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, determining a prefabricated body structure to be printed, establishing a prefabricated body model by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, reversely calculating a matrix model of the prefabricated body by adopting Boolean operation, printing the matrix model by adopting 3D (three-dimensional) according to the spatial direction of fiber bundles in the prefabricated body structure through a pore passage in the matrix model to obtain a prefabricated body framework, implanting the fiber bundles into the pore passage of the printed prefabricated body framework, finally dissolving and removing the prefabricated body framework, and leaving the fiber bundles to form the prefabricated body.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein according to the prefabricated body structure to be printed, a prefabricated body unit cell model is firstly established through three-dimensional modeling software, the unit cell structure size is set, the unit cell is the arrangement of the fiber bundles in the minimum unit of the prefabricated body, and after the unit cell structure is designed, an integral prefabricated body model is established according to the appearance and the size of the prefabricated body.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the preform structure comprises an orthorhombic triaxial structure, a 2.5D structure, a three-dimensional multidirectional structure, or a stacked structure of any two or three of them.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the preform structure to be printed is an orthogonal three-way structure, the specification and the spacing of the X, Y, Z three-way fiber bundles are used as modeling parameters, and a unit cell model of the preform is firstly established through three-dimensional modeling software.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the structure of the preform to be printed is a 2.5D structure, and the unit cell model of the preform is first created by three-dimensional modeling software using the warp and weft density, warp and weft yarn size, volume content, and structure type as modeling parameters.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the preform structure to be printed is a three-dimensional multidirectional structure, the female-direction flower section length, the circumferential-direction flower section length and the thickness-direction flower section length are used as modeling parameters, and a preform unit cell model is firstly established through three-dimensional modeling software.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a matrix model of the preform is reversely solved according to the preform model by using boolean operation, wherein the pore channels in the matrix model are formed according to the spatial orientation of the fiber bundles of the preform model, and the pore channels comprise any one or more of straight channels, inclined straight channels and bent channels.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber bundles are implanted in the pores of the skeleton of the preform by any one or more of air flow introduction, medium introduction, and direct introduction of flexible rods.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber bundles are introduced or implanted simultaneously in different directions without affecting the direction of the yarn.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the base model is printed using a soluble printing material via a 3D printing technique to obtain a preform skeleton.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the soluble printing material comprises polyvinyl alcohol, soluble resins, and the like.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the preform skeleton is dissolved away by ablation at elevated temperature or by water dissolution.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber bundle material comprises one or more of carbon fiber, quartz fiber, glass fiber, and ceramic fiber, and the state thereof comprises a wet state or a dry state.
14. A preform prepared according to the process of any one of claims 1-13.
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