CN109747228B - Multi-material composite component and forming process thereof - Google Patents
Multi-material composite component and forming process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109747228B CN109747228B CN201810810114.0A CN201810810114A CN109747228B CN 109747228 B CN109747228 B CN 109747228B CN 201810810114 A CN201810810114 A CN 201810810114A CN 109747228 B CN109747228 B CN 109747228B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-material composite component and a forming process thereof. The inner layer structure takes a core mould as a support and adopts a three-dimensional weaving forming process. The transition layer fiber is wound and laid layer by layer without guide along the inner layer at a certain tension according to different angles and combination modes, and meanwhile, the inner layer fiber is compacted to eliminate the fiber inner gap. The outer layer is formed by winding a transition layer on carbon cloth or a net tire, and the inner layer and the transition layer are penetrated by fibers in the carbon cloth or the net tire through the pricking needle by adopting a pricking needle forming process, so that the inner layer, the transition layer and the outer layer are connected into a whole, and the composite component with the multi-material gradient structure is finally prepared. The inner layer, the transition layer and the outer layer of the composite component are made of different materials, and the processes of three-dimensional weaving, winding and laying and needling forming are respectively adopted, so that the integrated forming and composite manufacturing of the multi-material composite component can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention designs a multi-material composite material component and a forming process thereof, and particularly relates to a multi-material composite material component, which is characterized in that an inner layer, a transition layer and an outer layer are made of different types of materials, the inner layer adopts a three-dimensional weaving process taking a core mold as a support, the transition layer adopts a non-oriented fiber laying and winding process, and the outer layer adopts a needling process to connect the inner layer, the transition layer and the outer layer into a whole.
Background
The composite material member has the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, fatigue resistance, erosion resistance, impact resistance, good designability and the like, the forming and manufacturing technical level of the composite material member is an important mark of high and new technology and high-end equipment level in industrially developed countries, and the application proportion of the composite material member in the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry is getting larger and larger.
The multi-material composite prefabricated body has excellent mechanical property as a composite material member of the reinforcement, and has wide application prospect in an engine spray pipe, an expansion section and an aircraft key part. At present, the variable-curvature and special-shaped section components are mostly made of single materials and are limited by a preparation process, so that the variable-curvature and special-shaped section components are difficult to form.
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a multi-material composite structure forming process integrating inner layer three-dimensional weaving, transition layer fiber winding and outer layer needling, and can realize the integrated forming of a composite material component with a special-shaped section and variable curvature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-material composite component and a forming process thereof, aiming at the problems of single material system, difficult forming and the like of a composite component with a special-shaped section and variable curvature.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a multi-material composite component and a forming process thereof comprise an inner layer 1, a transition layer 2 and an outer layer 3, wherein different types of materials are selected respectively, the inner layer 1 is supported by a core mould 4, a three-dimensional weaving forming process is adopted, fibers of the transition layer 2 are laid and wound layer by layer along the inner layer 1 in a non-guiding mode at different angles and in a combined mode with certain tension, meanwhile, the inner layer 1 is compacted to eliminate gaps in the fibers, the outer layer 3 is wound on the transition layer by carbon cloth or net tires, and the inner layer 1 and the transition layer 2 are penetrated by the carbon cloth or the fibers in the net tires under the action of prickling needles by adopting a needle punching forming process, so that the inner layer 1, the transition layer 2 and the outer layer 3 are connected into a whole, and the composite component with a multi-material gradient structure is prepared.
A multi-material composite component and a process for forming the same, the forming process comprising the steps of:
(1) the core mold is prepared by selecting a material soluble under a specific pressure, temperature or solvent, with reference to the profile of the component.
(2) The guide rods are automatically implanted into the surface of the core mold, the distance between the warp and weft guide rods on the surface of the core mold is uniform or nonuniform, and the implantation thickness of the guide rods can be adjusted according to requirements.
(3) The inner layer structure takes the core mould and the guide rods as supports, fibers are woven around the core mould along the tangent direction of the guide rods, the fibers can be woven sequentially along the same row of the guide rods, the fibers can also be woven in a crossed mode along the different rows of the guide rods, and the weaving thickness is the height of the guide rods leaking outside.
(4) Every bunch of fibre of transition layer structure carries out non-guide according to the tensile force of setting for and lays the winding along the inlayer surface according to different angles, and transition layer fibre can carry out compaction to the inlayer fibre simultaneously, eliminates the fibre inner gap, accomplishes first layer and lays the winding, and the winding is laid once more to the second floor fibre according to the same or different angles with first layer fibre to this analogizes, accomplishes the winding of transition layer and lays.
(5) After the transition layer is laid, the carbon cloth or the net tire is wound along the transition layer until the required thickness is reached.
(6) The inner layer and the transition layer are penetrated by the fibers in the carbon cloth or the net tire through the needling process, and the inner layer, the transition layer and the outer layer are connected into a whole.
(7) After the steps are completed, the core mold automatically disappears under the action of certain temperature, pressure or solvent, and the forming of the multi-material composite prefabricated body is completed.
The core mold 4 is made of soluble material, and can be gasified or dissolved under the action of specific temperature, pressure or solvent.
The guide rod 5 is made of metal materials or nonmetal materials.
The inner layer 1 is made of continuous carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers or basalt fibers and the like, firstly, a guide rod 5 is preset on a core mold 4, the preset depth of the guide rod 5 is ensured to be consistent, the fibers are woven in a three-dimensional mode along the guide rod 5, and the weaving thickness is the residual height of the guide rod 5 after the guide rod 5 is preset.
The transition layer 2 is made of continuous quartz fibers or glass fibers and the like, each fiber is laid and wound along the inner layer 1 structure with a certain tension force at an angle of +/-alpha degrees, and the fibers can be laid and wound at variable angles one by one and laid layer by layer to finally form the transition layer 2.
The fiber laying and winding of the transition layer 2 can generate a compaction effect on the inner layer 1, eliminate gaps among the fibers of the inner layer 1 and enable the arrangement of the fibers of the inner layer to be more compact.
The outer layer 3 is made of carbon cloth or net tires and the like, the carbon cloth or net tires are paved outside the transition layer 3 layer by layer, after a certain thickness is paved, multi-angle, multi-depth and variable-density needling is carried out on the carbon cloth layer or net tire layer to form the reinforced fibers 6 along the needling direction, so that the inner layer, the transition layer and the outer layer are connected into a whole, and the multi-material composite component is prepared.
The gradient structure can be realized by controlling the thickness of each layer, presetting the distance between the warp direction and the weft direction of the guide rod 5, the fiber tension of the transition layer 3 and the needling density.
The invention relates to a multi-material composite component and a forming process thereof, which can be used for preparing a multi-material system composite material prefabricated part and can realize the integrated forming of the multi-material composite component with the special-shaped section and the variable curvature gradient structure by the provided multi-material composite structure forming process integrating three-dimensional weaving of an inner layer, laying/winding of a transition layer and needling of an outer layer.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dilating segment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the core mold structure of the dilating segment used in this embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the core mold structure of the preset guide rod of the present embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional woven inner layer and core structure of the present embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fiber winding transition layer, the three-dimensional woven inner layer and the core mold according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a structural schematic view of the multi-material integrally formed composite member according to the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an ablation-resistant heat-insulation integrated expansion section, the expansion section comprises an inner layer 1, a transition layer 2 and an outer layer 3, and the forming process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and selecting paraffin as a core mold 4 material, and preparing the paraffin core mold 4 by taking the appearance profile of the expansion section as a reference.
Step two: the guide rods 5 are implanted into the surface of the core mold, the guide rods 5 are carbon rods, the reserved height of the guide rods 5 is 10mm, the guide rods are distributed on the surface of the core mold at equal intervals along the longitude and latitude directions, and the intervals are 5 mm.
Step three: the inner layer 1 is made of 3K carbon fibers, a core mold 4 and a guide carbon rod 5 are used as supports, the fibers are woven in a crossed mode around the core mold 4 along the tangential direction of the guide carbon rod 5 in the weaving mode shown in the figure 4, the thickness of the inner layer 1 is 10mm of the reserved height of the guide carbon rod 5, and the thickness of the inner layer 1 is 10 mm.
Step four: the transition layer 2 chooses quartz fiber for use, and every bunch of fibre twines with 30cN tensile force along 1 surface of inlayer to 45 modes of +/-, and 2 fibre of transition layer can carry out the compaction to the inlayer fibre simultaneously, eliminate the fibre inner gap, accomplish the first layer and shop after laying, the second floor fibre is according to the parameter of laying the winding the same with the first layer to the analogize from this, and the layer-by-layer is spread the winding, and transition layer 2 thickness is 20 mm.
Step five: the outer layer 3 is formed by winding a carbon fiber net tire along the transition layer 2, the fiber length of the carbon fiber net tire is about 40-60mm, the area density is about 100 g/square meter, and the thickness of the outer layer 3 is about 15 mm.
Step six: adopting a needling process, wherein the needling density is 15-25 needles/cm2And the needling depth range is 20-50mm, and the fibers in the carbon fiber net tire are penetrated into the inner layer and the transition layer through the needling effect to form the reinforced fibers 6 along the needling direction, so that the inner layer 1, the transition layer 2 and the outer layer 3 are connected into a whole.
Step seven: after the steps are completed, the paraffin core mould is melted at about 60 ℃ to prepare a multi-material composite component prefabricated body, and the prepared prefabricated body is subjected to a carburizing process to complete the preparation of the expansion section.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that may occur to those skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A forming process of a multi-material composite component is characterized in that the multi-material composite component comprises an inner layer, a transition layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer, the transition layer and the outer layer are respectively made of different materials, the inner layer material is continuous carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber or basalt fiber, the inner layer structure is supported by a core mould by adopting a three-dimensional weaving forming process, the transition layer is made of continuous quartz fiber or glass fiber, the transition layer fiber is wound and laid layer by layer along the inner layer in a non-guiding way at different angles and in a combined way with a certain tension, simultaneously, the inner layer fiber is compacted to eliminate the clearance in the fiber, the outer layer adopts carbon cloth or net tire to wind the transition layer, the needling forming process is adopted, the carbon cloth or the fibers in the net tire are penetrated into the inner layer and the transition layer through the needle effect, and the inner layer, the transition layer and the outer layer are connected into a whole, so that the composite member with the multi-material variable-curvature gradient structure is finally prepared;
the forming process comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a material which can be dissolved under the action of specific pressure, temperature or solvent, and taking the outline of the component as a reference to prepare a core mold;
(2) automatically implanting guide rods on the surface of the core mold, wherein the distance between the warp and weft direction guide rods on the surface of the core mold is uniform or nonuniform, and the implantation thickness of the guide rods can be adjusted according to requirements;
(3) the inner layer structure takes the core mould and the guide rods as supports, fibers are woven around the core mould along the tangent direction of the guide rods, the fibers can be woven sequentially along the same row of guide rods or alternatively can be woven in a crossed manner along the different rows of guide rods, and the weaving thickness is the reserved height of the guide rods;
(4) each bundle of fibers of the transition layer structure is laid and wound in a non-guiding mode along the surface of the inner layer at different angles according to a set tension force, the fibers of the transition layer can simultaneously compact the fibers of the inner layer, the gaps in the fibers are eliminated, the first layer of laying is completed, the second layer of fibers are laid and wound again at the same angle as or different angles from the first layer of fibers, and the rest is done to finish the winding and laying of the transition layer;
(5) after the laying of the transition layer is finished, winding the carbon cloth or the net tire along the transition layer until the required thickness is reached;
(6) adopting a needling process to make fibers in the carbon cloth or the net tire penetrate into the inner layer and the transition layer through the needling action, and connecting the inner layer, the transition layer and the outer layer into a whole;
(7) after the steps are completed, the core mold automatically disappears under the action of certain temperature, pressure or solvent, and the forming of the multi-material composite prefabricated body is completed.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the core is a dissolvable material that can be vaporized or dissolved by a specific temperature, pressure, or solvent.
3. A process for forming a multi-material composite member as claimed in claim 1 wherein said guide rods are of metallic or non-metallic material.
4. The process for forming a multi-material composite member according to claim 1, wherein a guide bar is preset on the core mold to ensure a preset depth of the guide bar is uniform, and the fibers are woven in three dimensions along the guide bar to a thickness corresponding to a residual height of the guide bar after the preset.
5. A process for forming a multi-material composite component as claimed in claim 1, wherein each fiber is laid and wound at ± α ° with a certain tension along the inner layer structure, and the fibers can be laid and wound at varying angles one by one, layer by layer, to finally form the transition layer.
6. The process for forming a multi-material composite member according to claim 1, wherein the carbon cloth or the mesh is layered outside the transition layer, and after a certain thickness of the carbon cloth or the mesh is layered, the carbon cloth or the mesh is subjected to multi-angle, multi-depth, or variable density needling to form reinforcing fibers along the needling direction, so that the inner layer, the transition layer, and the outer layer are integrally connected to prepare the multi-material composite member.
7. The process for forming a multi-material composite component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gradient structure is achieved by controlling the thickness of each layer, the pitch of the pre-set guide rods in the warp and weft directions, the fiber tension of the transition layer, and the needling density.
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| CN201810810114.0A CN109747228B (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2018-07-23 | Multi-material composite component and forming process thereof |
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| CN109747228B true CN109747228B (en) | 2022-04-01 |
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| CN115071160A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-20 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Composite forming process for thermosetting fiber pipe fitting with complex special-shaped cross section |
| CN115262095A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-11-01 | 南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司 | Forming device and method for net tire sleeve |
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| CN102517761A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-27 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Enhanced weaving formation method for fabricated part made of composite material |
| CN104388848A (en) * | 2014-12-14 | 2015-03-04 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | 3D (3-Dimensional) printing method for preparing long-fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material |
| CN105442154A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-30 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Knitting method of three-dimension precast body of gradient structure |
| CN106393727A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏天鸟高新技术股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional preform |
| CN106853694A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-06-16 | 江苏恒神股份有限公司 | The preparation method of the SQRTM moulding process carbon fiber grilles based on water-soluble core |
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2018
- 2018-07-23 CN CN201810810114.0A patent/CN109747228B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102517761A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-27 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Enhanced weaving formation method for fabricated part made of composite material |
| CN104388848A (en) * | 2014-12-14 | 2015-03-04 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | 3D (3-Dimensional) printing method for preparing long-fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material |
| CN106393727A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-02-15 | 江苏天鸟高新技术股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional preform |
| CN105442154A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-30 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Knitting method of three-dimension precast body of gradient structure |
| CN106853694A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-06-16 | 江苏恒神股份有限公司 | The preparation method of the SQRTM moulding process carbon fiber grilles based on water-soluble core |
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