CN114422073A - Frequency-phase cooperative three-dimensional space physical layer secure transmission method - Google Patents
Frequency-phase cooperative three-dimensional space physical layer secure transmission method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A frequency phase cooperation three-dimensional space physical layer safe transmission method belongs to the technical field of physical layer safe transmission of wireless communication. The invention solves the problem that the existing direction modulation method does not consider the safety of a physical layer of three-dimensional space information transmission. The invention realizes the safe transmission of the frequency-phase cooperative three-dimensional space fixed-point physical layer by a three-dimensional enhanced direction modulation method. The transmitter performs baseband modulation, up-conversion and three-dimensional enhancement type direction modulation on the signals and then transmits the signals to a channel. The receiver down-converts and demodulates the acquired superimposed signal. The invention can send the confidential information to the legal position in a fixed point manner in the three-dimensional space, the effective information can be obtained from the signal demodulated by the legal receiver, and the signal demodulated by the eavesdropping receiver is seriously distorted and cannot obtain the useful information from the signal, thereby ensuring the safety of the three-dimensional space communication in the physical layer. The method can be applied to the field of three-dimensional space physical layer safe transmission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of physical layer secure transmission of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a frequency-phase cooperative three-dimensional space physical layer secure transmission method.
Background
The physical layer secure transmission method plays an increasingly important role in the research related to information security. Different from the encryption research based on a cryptology theory system, the physical layer secure transmission method utilizes the inherent property of a wireless channel to ensure the secure transmission of information. In recent years, Directional Modulation (DM) has received much attention as a new physical layer security technology. The directional modulation can directionally transmit secret information to a legal direction, and the receiving signals of other directions have serious distortion in amplitude and phase, so that an eavesdropper is difficult to acquire useful information, and the safety of information transmission is ensured.
The existing research is mainly focused on the communication safety aspect of a two-dimensional plane area, and in fact, the research of the three-dimensional space physical layer safety transmission is also necessary, but the existing direction modulation method does not consider the physical layer communication safety problem of the three-dimensional space information transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a frequency-phase cooperative three-dimensional space physical layer security transmission method for solving the problem that the existing direction modulation method does not consider the physical layer security of three-dimensional space information transmission.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a frequency phase cooperation three-dimensional space physical layer secure transmission method specifically comprises the following steps:
designing a vertical array transmitting antenna structure, and labeling each array element in a vertical array; then, the carrier frequency of each array element transmitting signal is set according to the array element labeling result;
step two, calculating a normalized guide vector of the vertical array;
step three, carrying out on the signal to be transmittedAfter baseband modulation and up-conversion processing, three-dimensional enhancement type direction modulation is carried out on the signals after up-conversion processing based on the normalized guide vector obtained in the step two, and the transmitting signals s ═ s are obtainedy(N-1)(t),...,sy1(t),s0(t),sx1(t),...,sx(N-1)(t)]；
Step four, transmitting a transmitting signal s to a channel through a vertical array transmitting antenna structure, wherein a signal received from the channel by a receiver positioned at a far field (x, y, z) is r (x, y, z, t);
and step five, carrying out down-conversion on the received signal r (x, y, z, t) to obtain a down-converted signal r '(x, y, z, t), and demodulating the down-converted signal r' (x, y, z, t) to obtain a demodulated signal.
Furthermore, the vertical array transmitting antenna structure is composed of an original point array element, N-1 array elements which are uniformly and linearly arranged along an x axis and N-1 array elements which are uniformly and linearly arranged along a y axis, and the distance between every two adjacent array elements is d.
Further, the labeling of each array element in the vertical array specifically includes:
regard as the reference array element with the initial point array element, regard as the 0 number array element of x array and the 0 number array element of y array with the reference array element, mark in proper order to other array elements along the even linear arrangement of x axle again, be about to mark respectively for the N number array element of x array other array elements along the even linear arrangement of x axle, N1, 2.
Further, the setting of the carrier frequency of the transmission signal of each array element according to the array element labeling result specifically includes:
setting carrier frequency of reference array element transmitting signal as f0The carrier frequency of the n array element transmitting signals of the x array is the same as that of the n array element transmitting signals of the y array;
the n-number array elements of the x array transmit two carrier signals with different frequencies, which are respectively marked as a carrier signal A and a carrier signal B, wherein the carrier frequency of the carrier signal A is f0Carrier frequency of carrier signal B is fn＝f0+ n Δ f, Δ f is the frequency increment.
Further, the frequency increment Δ f ═ c/R1C represents the speed of light, R1Indicating the distance of the legitimate receiver from the reference array element.
Further, the specific process of the second step is as follows:
the position coordinate of the receiver in the space three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is expressed as (x, y, z), and the distance between the receiver and the reference array element is
Then the normalized steering vector for the vertical array at the receiver is h (x, y, z, t):
where e is the base of the natural logarithm, j is the unit of the imaginary number, ω0＝2πf0Δ ω ═ 2 π Δ f, t denotes time, [ ·]TA transpose operator representing a matrix or vector.
Further, the transmission signal s ═ sy(N-1)(t),...,sy1(t),s0(t),sx1(t),...,sx(N-1)(t)]The concrete form of (A) is as follows:
wherein N is 1,20(t) the transmitted signal of the reference array element after three-dimensional enhanced directional modulation, sxn(t) transmitting signals of n array elements of x array after three-dimensional enhanced direction modulation, syn(t) transmitting signals of n array elements of y array after three-dimensional enhanced direction modulation, PtDenotes the transmit power, phi (t) denotes the baseband modulated signal, omegan＝2πfn，w0Weight coefficient, w, representing reference array elementsxn、wynRespectively represents the weighting coefficients of the n-numbered array elements of the x array and the y array, [ w ]y(N-1),...,wyn,…,wy1,w0,wx1,…,wxn,…,wx(N-1)]TW denotes a transmission weight vector, and w denotes h (x)1,y1,z1,t)，h(x1,y1,z1T) is the normalized steering vector of the vertical array at the legitimate receiver, (x)1,y1,z1) The position coordinates of a legal receiver in a space three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system are obtained.
Further, in the fourth step, the signal r (x, y, z, t) is of the form:
wherein, PaRepresenting received power, v representing channel coefficients, u (t) representing additive white Gaussian noise, [ ·]HAnd a conjugate transpose operator representing a matrix or vector, τ represents the time delay of the received reference array element radiated signal, τ is R/c, Φ (t- τ) represents the signal after Φ (t) time delay τ, R represents the distance of the receiver located at the far field (x, y, z) from the reference array element, and h (x, y, z, t) represents the normalized steering vector of the vertical array at the receiver located at the far field (x, y, z).
Further, in the fifth step, down-converting the received signal r (x, y, z, t) to obtain a down-converted signal r '(x, y, z, t), where the form of the signal r' (x, y, z, t) is:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes the frequency-phase cooperative Three-dimensional space fixed-point physical layer safe transmission by a Three-dimensional Enhanced direction modulation (DM, 3D-EDM) method. The transmitter performs baseband modulation, up-conversion and 3D-EDM on the signal and transmits the signal to a channel. The receiver down-converts and demodulates the acquired superimposed signal.
The invention can send the secret information to the legal position in a three-dimensional space at a fixed point. Effective information can be obtained from signals demodulated by a legal receiver, and useful information cannot be obtained from the signals demodulated by the eavesdropping receiver due to serious distortion, so that the safety of three-dimensional space communication is ensured on a physical layer. Compared with the existing direction modulation method, the method is suitable for realizing dual control of distance dimension and angle dimension on the communicable area of the three-dimensional space, and effectively ensures the safety of information transmission in the three-dimensional space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the array architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a model of a transmitter system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a receiver system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
First embodiment this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1,2, and 3. The method for secure transmission of a frequency-phase cooperative three-dimensional space physical layer in the embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
designing a vertical array transmitting antenna structure, and labeling each array element in a vertical array; then, the carrier frequency of each array element transmitting signal is set according to the array element labeling result;
step two, calculating a normalized guide vector of the vertical array;
step three, after baseband modulation and up-conversion processing are carried out on the signal to be sent, three-dimensional enhancement type direction modulation is carried out on the signal after the up-conversion processing based on the normalized guide vector obtained in the step two, and a transmitting signal s ═ s is obtainedy(N-1)(t),...,sy1(t),s0(t),sx1(t),...,sx(N-1)(t)]；
Step four, transmitting a transmitting signal s to a channel through a vertical array transmitting antenna structure, wherein a signal received from the channel by a receiver positioned at a far field (x, y, z) is r (x, y, z, t);
and step five, carrying out down-conversion on the received signal r (x, y, z, t) to obtain a down-converted signal r '(x, y, z, t), and demodulating the down-converted signal r' (x, y, z, t) to obtain a demodulated signal.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the vertical array transmit antenna structure is composed of an original array element (an array element located at the original point of a spatial three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system), N-1 array elements uniformly and linearly arranged along the x axis, and N-1 array elements uniformly and linearly arranged along the y axis, and the distance between adjacent array elements is d.
In the present embodiment, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis are three coordinate axes of a spatial three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system.
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the first or second embodiment is that, the labeling is performed on each array element in the vertical array, and specifically, the labeling is performed by:
regard as the reference array element with the initial point array element, regard as the 0 number array element of x array and the 0 number array element of y array with the reference array element, mark in proper order again along the even linear arrangement of x axis other array elements, be about to mark respectively for the N number array element of x array along the even linear arrangement of x axis other array elements, N is 1,2, …, N-1, mark in proper order along the even linear arrangement of y axis other array elements, will mark respectively for the N number array element of y array along the even linear arrangement of y axis other array elements.
In this embodiment, the array element arranged on the x axis closest to the original array element is labeled as the array element number 1 of the x array, the array element arranged on the x axis second closest to the original array element is labeled as the array element number 2 of the x array, and so on. The array elements arranged along the y-axis are numbered in the same manner as the array elements arranged along the x-axis.
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the first to third embodiments is that the setting of the carrier frequency of the transmission signal of each array element according to the array element labeling result specifically includes:
setting reference array element transmitting signalHas a carrier frequency of f0The carrier frequency of the n array element transmitting signals of the x array is the same as that of the n array element transmitting signals of the y array;
the n-number array elements of the x array transmit two carrier signals with different frequencies, which are respectively marked as a carrier signal A and a carrier signal B, wherein the carrier frequency of the carrier signal A is f0Carrier frequency of carrier signal B is fn＝f0+ n Δ f, Δ f is the frequency increment.
Array element spacing to avoid grating lobe generation
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from one of the first to fourth embodiments in that the frequency increment Δ f is c/R1C represents the speed of light, R1Indicating the distance of the legitimate receiver from the reference array element.
The array beam pattern is calculated by Δ f set in the present embodiment, and the extreme point of the array beam pattern is located at the position (x) of the legitimate receiver in both the angle dimension and the distance dimension1,y1,z1) And (5) the consistency is achieved.
Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is that the specific process of the second step is:
the position coordinate of the receiver in the space three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is expressed as (x, y, z), and the distance between the receiver and the reference array element is
The azimuth angles formed by the line connecting the receiver (x, y, z) and the reference array element and the positive directions of the x axis and the y axis are respectively expressed as thetax、θyI.e. cos θx＝x/R,cosθy＝y/R；
Then the normalized steering vector for the vertical array at the receiver is h (x, y, z, t):
where e is the base of the natural logarithm, j is the unit of the imaginary number, ω0＝2πf0Δ ω ═ 2 π Δ f, t denotes time, [ ·]TA transpose operator representing a matrix or vector.
The phase of the transmitting signal of the reference array element at the receiving end is as follows (2):
phase psi of x array n-number element A, B transmitting signal at receiving endxAn、ψxBnAs shown in formula (3). When the position of the receiving end meets the far-field condition, the beam emitted by the array can be regarded as a parallel beam, so that the distance between the receiving end and the n-numbered array element of the x array is Rxn＝R-ndcosθxR-ndx/R, N-1, 2., N-1; the distance between the receiving end and the n array elements of the y array is Ryn＝R-ndcosθy＝R-ndy/R,n＝1,2,...,N-1。
Similarly, the phase ψ of the n-numbered element A, B of the y-array at the receiving end of the transmission signalyAn、ψyBnAs shown in formula (4):
under far field condition, (N-1) d < R, (N-1) delta f < f0Phase difference delta phi of each array element at receiving endxAn、ΔψxBn、ΔψyAn、ΔψyBnAs in equation (5):
and obtaining the normalized guide vector of the vertical array according to the phase difference of each array element transmitting signal and the reference array element transmitting signal at the receiving end.
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: in this embodiment, unlike one of the first to sixth embodiments, the transmission signal s ═ sy(N-1)(t),...,sy1(t),s0(t),sx1(t),...,sx(N-1)(t)]The concrete form of (A) is as follows:
wherein N is 1,20(t) the transmitted signal of the reference array element after three-dimensional enhanced directional modulation, sxn(t) transmitting signals of n array elements of x array after three-dimensional enhanced direction modulation, syn(t) transmitting signals of n array elements of y array after three-dimensional enhanced direction modulation, PtDenotes the transmit power, phi (t) denotes the baseband modulated signal, omegan＝2πfn，w0Weight coefficient, w, representing reference array elementsxn、wynRespectively represents the weighting coefficients of the n-numbered array elements of the x array and the y array, [ w ]y(N-1),...,wyn,...,wy1,w0,wx1,...,wxn,...,wx(N-1)]TW denotes a transmission weight vector, and w denotes h (x)1,y1,z1,t)，h(x1,y1,z1T) is the normalized steering vector of the vertical array at the legitimate receiver, (x)1,y1,z1) The position coordinates of a legal receiver in a space three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system are obtained.
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: this embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that in step four, the signal r (x, y, z, t) is of the form:
wherein, PaRepresenting received power, v representing channel coefficients, u (t) representing additive white Gaussian noise, [ ·]HAnd a conjugate transpose operator representing a matrix or vector, τ represents the time delay of the received reference array element radiated signal, τ is R/c, Φ (t- τ) represents the signal after Φ (t) time delay τ, R represents the distance of the receiver located at the far field (x, y, z) from the reference array element, and h (x, y, z, t) represents the normalized steering vector of the vertical array at the receiver located at the far field (x, y, z).
Then, the signal obtained in the present embodiment is down-converted and demodulated, so that the transmitted initial information can be obtained from the demodulated signal of the legitimate receiver located in the far field, and the amplitude and phase of the demodulated signal eavesdropped on the receiver are severely distorted.
Received power PaIs the transmission power PtAfter path loss. At the receiving end in different positions, the received power PaIn contrast, the closer the receiver is to the reference array element, PaThe larger the distance, the longer PaThe smaller. Let τ bexn＝Rxn/c、τyn＝RynThe time delay of the received x-axis and y-axis N-number array element radiation signals is represented by/c, and the distance R between the x-axis and y-axis N-number array elements and the receiving end is reduced because (N-1) d < Rxn≈R、RynR and phi (t-tau) assuming phi (t) is a narrow band signalxn)≈φ(t-τ)，φ(t-τyn)≈φ(t-τ)。
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: in this embodiment, different from one of the first to eighth embodiments, in the fifth step, a down-conversion is performed on the received signal r (x, y, z, t) to obtain a down-converted signal r '(x, y, z, t), where the form of the signal r' (x, y, z, t) is:
w in the down-converted signal r' (x, y, z, t)Hh is transformed into a general expression as in formula (9):
other steps and parameters are the same as those in one to eight of the embodiments.
The above-described calculation examples of the present invention are merely to explain the calculation model and the calculation flow of the present invention in detail, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications of the present invention can be made based on the above description, and it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and all such modifications and variations are possible and contemplated as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A frequency-phase cooperative three-dimensional space physical layer secure transmission method is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
designing a vertical array transmitting antenna structure, and labeling each array element in a vertical array; then, the carrier frequency of each array element transmitting signal is set according to the array element labeling result;
step two, calculating a normalized guide vector of the vertical array;
step three, after baseband modulation and up-conversion processing are carried out on the signal to be sent, three-dimensional enhancement type direction modulation is carried out on the signal after the up-conversion processing based on the normalized guide vector obtained in the step two, and a transmitting signal s ═ s is obtainedy(N-1)(t),...,sy1(t),s0(t),sx1(t),...,sx(N-1)(t)]；
Step four, transmitting a transmitting signal s to a channel through a vertical array transmitting antenna structure, wherein a signal received from the channel by a receiver positioned at a far field (x, y, z) is r (x, y, z, t);
and step five, carrying out down-conversion on the received signal r (x, y, z, t) to obtain a down-converted signal r '(x, y, z, t), and demodulating the down-converted signal r' (x, y, z, t) to obtain a demodulated signal.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vertical array transmit antenna structure comprises an original array element, N-1 array elements uniformly and linearly arranged along an x axis, and N-1 array elements uniformly and linearly arranged along a y axis, and the distance between adjacent array elements is d.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the labeling is performed on each array element in the vertical array, and specifically includes:
regard as the reference array element with the initial point array element, regard as the 0 number array element of x array and the 0 number array element of y array with the reference array element, mark in proper order to other array elements along the even linear arrangement of x axle again, be about to mark respectively for the N number array element of x array other array elements along the even linear arrangement of x axle, N1, 2.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the setting of the carrier frequency of the transmission signal of each array element according to the labeling result of the array element specifically comprises:
setting carrier frequency of reference array element transmitting signal as f0The carrier frequency of the n array element transmitting signals of the x array is the same as that of the n array element transmitting signals of the y array;
the n-number array elements of the x array transmit two carrier signals with different frequencies, which are respectively marked as a carrier signal A and a carrier signal B, wherein the carrier signalsCarrier frequency of number A is f0Carrier frequency of carrier signal B is fn＝f0+ n Δ f, Δ f is the frequency increment.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the frequency increment Δ f ═ c/R1C represents the speed of light, R1Indicating the distance of the legitimate receiver from the reference array element.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the specific process of the second step is as follows:
the position coordinate of the receiver in the space three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is expressed as (x, y, z), and the distance between the receiver and the reference array element is
Then the normalized steering vector for the vertical array at the receiver is h (x, y, z, t):
where e is the base of the natural logarithm, j is the unit of the imaginary number, ω0＝2πf0Δ ω ═ 2 π Δ f, t denotes time, [ ·]TA transpose operator representing a matrix or vector.
7. A frequency according to claim 6The phase-coordinated three-dimensional space physical layer secure transmission method is characterized in that the transmitting signal s ═ sy(N-1)(t),...,sy1(t),s0(t),sx1(t),...,sx(N-1)(t)]The concrete form of (A) is as follows:
wherein N is 1,20(t) the transmitted signal of the reference array element after three-dimensional enhanced directional modulation, sxn(t) transmitting signals of n array elements of x array after three-dimensional enhanced direction modulation, syn(t) transmitting signals of n array elements of y array after three-dimensional enhanced direction modulation, PtDenotes the transmit power, phi (t) denotes the baseband modulated signal, omegan＝2πfn，w0Weight coefficient, w, representing reference array elementsxn、wynRespectively represents the weighting coefficients of the n-numbered array elements of the x array and the y array, [ w ]y(N-1),...,wyn,...,wy1,w0,wx1,...,wxn,...,wx(N-1)]TW denotes a transmission weight vector, and w denotes h (x)1,y1,z1,t)，h(x1,y1,z1T) is the normalized steering vector of the vertical array at the legitimate receiver, (x)1,y1,z1) The position coordinates of a legal receiver in a space three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system are obtained.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the fourth step, the signal r (x, y, z, t) is of the form:
wherein, PaRepresenting received power, v representing channel coefficients, u (t) representing additive white Gaussian noise, [ ·]HAnd a conjugate transpose operator representing a matrix or vector, τ represents the time delay of the received reference array element radiated signal, τ is R/c, Φ (t- τ) represents the signal after Φ (t) time delay τ, R represents the distance of the receiver located at the far field (x, y, z) from the reference array element, and h (x, y, z, t) represents the normalized steering vector of the vertical array at the receiver located at the far field (x, y, z).
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the fifth step, the received signal r (x, y, z, t) is down-converted to obtain a down-converted signal r '(x, y, z, t), and the signal r' (x, y, z, t) has a form:
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