CN102355447A - Three-dimensional modulation method for polarization and phase combination of signals in communication system - Google Patents
Three-dimensional modulation method for polarization and phase combination of signals in communication system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication and particularly relates to a three-dimensional modulation method for polarization and phase combination of signals in a communication system. The method comprises the steps of: by utilizing a characteristic that a vector antenna is sensitive to electromagnetic wave polarization information, emitting a carrier carrying the polarization information by using the vector antenna, receiving and demodulating the carrier by using the vector antenna as well at a receiving end, and simultaneously acquiring original phase modulation information and polarization modulation information; and an expression for polarization and phase combined three-dimensional modulation and demodulation is specifically given, so that signal phases, polarization magnitudes and polarization pitch angles are applied to wireless communication to serve as characteristic parameters carrying data information in modulation and demodulation. In addition, constellation diagrams and constellation point distributed are studied in the invention. Analysis and tests show that the three-dimensional modulation method can be used for increasing data transmission rate and reducing data bit error rate in the communication system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, be specifically related to the modulator approach of signal in a kind of communication system.
Background technology
Modulation-demodulation technique is related to the speed and the error performance of message transmission.Introduce in communication system that speed is faster, the better modulation-demodulation technique of performance becomes and improves or improve one of effective way of systematic function; The dimension of expanded modulation restituted signal wherein; Being about to traditional two-dimensional modulation planisphere and expanding to 3 D stereo modulation planisphere, is the direct method that improves the modulation performance.
In optical communication system, people utilize polarisation of light (polarization) information that the three-dimensional modulation of light signal has been carried out studying [1]-[7].At wireless communication field; People have introduced dual polarized antenna in gsm system, made up+45 degree and the mutually orthogonal antenna of-45 degree two consequent pole directions, make it in work transmission duplex pattern; Can replace space diversity reception through polarization diversity, thereby improve the performance of system.For example: in GSM and EDGE system, document [8] and [9] have been discussed and how to be used polarization information to control power amplifier improving the efficient of modulation, and document [10] has been studied the application in the phased array radar that polarization vector is modulated at X-band.
Along with the development of vector antenna, new thinking [11]-[16] are provided for utilizing polarization of electromagnetic wave information.Document [11] has been reported the laboratory implementation method of electromagnetic vector antenna.When this electromagnetic vector antenna can write down entrained three-dimensional electric field of electromagnetic wave in the three dimensions and three-dimensional magnetic field information, it had also possessed the character that traditional scalar antenna is not had.For example, receiving terminal can not known under the situation of concrete array structure, and the direction of arrival (DOA) and the polarization parameter of space electromagnet source are estimated [12]-[14]; Vector modulator pair amplifier in phased array antenna is controlled [15]; The vector antenna applications is in the correction [16] of phase of received signal error.These researchs show: the appearance of the electromagnetic vector antenna that electromagnetic geometrical property and antenna geometries are combined, make it is found that many before unknown phenomenon and rule [17]-[21].
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of signal modulating method that can improve the communication system data transmission rate, reduce error rates of data.
The modulator approach of signal in the communication system provided by the invention is that signal phase, polarization amplitude and polarization angle of pitch parameter are carried out the method that three-dimensional is united modulation.Specifically; The present invention utilizes the characteristics of vector antenna to the polarization of ele information sensing; Launch the carrier wave that carries polarization information with the vector antenna, utilize the vector antenna to receive equally and demodulation, obtain original phase-modulated information and polarization modulation information simultaneously at receiving terminal; And specifically provide the expression formula that polarizes with the three-dimensional modulation of phase combining, make and in radio communication, use ' signal phase ', ' polarization amplitude ' and ' the polarization angle of pitch ' as the characteristic parameter that carries data message in the modulation; Three-dimensional planisphere and constellation point of uniting modulation has been discussed simultaneously to distribute.The present invention has rationally utilized polarization of electromagnetic wave information, has the high and low characteristics of the error rate of transmission rate.
The vector antenna is to be made up of three electric dipoles and three magnetic dipoles, and they are spatially mutually orthogonal, point distributes together, and have different polarization characteristics, can transmit and receive the electric field and the magnetic-field component of x, y, three directions of z simultaneously.Typical vector antenna is as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, The angle of pitch of
expression signal, i.e. angle between z axle and the incoming signal direction; The deflection of
expression signal promptly rotates to the angle of signal incident direction in the x-y plane projection from the x axle along counter clockwise direction; The polarization argument of
expression signal; The polarization phases of
expression signal is poor.For far-field signal; With the vector antenna is that initial point is set up coordinate system; With
;
;
representes the unit vector of TME direction of wave travel, and then the electric field component E of complete polarization TEM ripple can be expressed as [22]:
（1）。
Wherein
is the horizontal polarization component of TEM ripple, and
is the perpendicular polarization component of TEM ripple.TEM wave polarization ellipse by
and
constitutes is as shown in Figure 2: under the situation of given polarization mode;
that the vector antenna receives,
direction electric field component can be expressed as [26]:
Wherein,
is the amplitude of TEM ripple,
the direction electric field component be 0.
and
can be at vector antenna
;
; Produce induced voltage on three electric dipoles of
direction; Therefore, its electromagnetic field of the TEM ripple that receives of vector antenna distributes and can be expressed as:
Phase shift keying PSK modulation waveform symbol
can be expressed as:
Wherein,
complex signal envelope for transmitting in the radio communication; The real part computing is got in Re () representative;
is carrier frequency;
is phase modulation, and
is the modulation signal amplitude.In the PSK modulation, transmit and receive signal and be invariant signal, through signal phase being modulated transmission information, its planisphere is two-dimentional.The present invention expands traditional P SK signal, and the realization three-dimensional is united modulation, and the polarization parameter of promptly introducing signal is as new modulation variable.Specifically, use complete polarization TEM ripple as carrier wave, bring the complete polarization ripple of describing in the formula (1) into formula (4) with the form of complex signal, obtain the signal that new polarization and phase place three-dimensional are united modulation, its expression formula is:
Wherein:
and
representes the complex signal envelope of vertical polarization directions and horizontal polarization directions respectively;
is carrier frequency;
is the normalized energy of three-dimensional modulation signal;
is the ratio of vertical polarization directions energy and horizontal polarization directions energy;
is the PSK phase modulation,
be that the polarization phases of signal is poor.That is to say,
AWith
Expressed the polarization information that signal has,
Expressed the phase modulation of signal.Like this, we pass through
A,
,
Three independent parameters are united modulation to what information was carried out, have realized that the three-dimensional of uniting polarization and phase place modulates (poPSK).At this moment, the complex envelope on the vector antenna x that provides in the formula (3), y, the z direction electric dipole can be expressed as:
Wherein,
is the amplitude of TEM ripple.
In the three-dimensional modulation of uniting polarization and phase place,<i >A</i>Represent polarization ellipse amplitude ratio, just the ratio of x direction and y direction signal amplitude.For with the poPSK signal normalization within the unit sphere; The signal that the present invention supposes the x direction is always less than the signal of y direction; Then can know 0 < <img file=" 350668DEST_PATH_IMAGE034.GIF " he=" 21 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 37 " /> < 1; Like this, just, can all constellation point be normalized to radius is within 1 the sphere.<i >A</i>Identical signal is distributed in planisphere on the same sphere.The phase-modulated component of <img file=" 348842DEST_PATH_IMAGE023.GIF " he=" 18 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 16 " /> representation signal; <img file=" 357249DEST_PATH_IMAGE035.GIF " he=" 22 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 73 " />; The representation signal spot projection behind the x-y plane with the angle of x axle, with the same meaning of constellation point in the psk signal.The polarization orientation angle of <img file=" 410656DEST_PATH_IMAGE031.GIF " he=" 18 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 14 " /> representation signal; 0 < <img file=" 437386DEST_PATH_IMAGE031.GIF " he=" 18 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 14 " /> < <img file=" 918046DEST_PATH_IMAGE036.GIF " he=" 16 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 16 " />, the angle of representation signal and z axle.
Through introducing polarization parameter, realized uniting the three-dimensional modulation of polarization and phase place as new modulation variable.Its planisphere has expanded to 3 D stereo modulation planisphere also from traditional two-dimensional modulation planisphere.Be modulated to example with 4poPSK modulation, 6poPSK modulation, 14poPSK modulation and 26poPSK, its planisphere such as Fig. 3-shown in Figure 6.
Minimum Eustachian distance in the modulation planisphere between the adjacent constellation point is being represented the size of signal error rate, under the identical situation of constellation point quantity, can obtain bigger Euclidean distance owing to being distributed in the psk signal of three-dimensional poPSK signal than two-dimensional space; Therefore it has the littler error rate; In other words, when BER is close, promptly be distributed in the minimum euclidean distance of poPSK signal constellation point and the psk signal constellation point in the two-dimensional space in the three dimensions when close; Owing to can hold more constellation point in the three dimensions; Thereby can transmit more information simultaneously, under the close error rate, poPSK has higher data transmission efficiency.
Description of drawings
Among Fig. 1, (a) be vector antenna polarization-angle steering vector directional diagram, (b) be magnetic field polarization parameter equivalent figure.
Fig. 2 is that the TEM wave polarization is oval.
Fig. 3 is the 4poPSK modulated signal constellation.
Fig. 4 is the 6poPSK modulated signal constellation.
Fig. 5 is the 14poPSK modulated signal constellation.
Fig. 6 is the 26poPSK modulated signal constellation.
Fig. 7 is three-dimensional associating modulation demodulation system block diagram.
Fig. 8 is the BER contrast of 4poPSK, QPSK, 6poPSK and 6 tunnel dual polarization modulation signals.
Embodiment
There is the electromagnetic interference in space in radio communication than the optical fiber communication meeting; Do you how to overcome these interference signals polarization and phase place three-dimensional are united the influence that modulation brings? We know at environment relatively more spacious; The high-altitude that aspect ratio is higher; External electromagnetic field is more stable, and the speed ratio that Electromagnetic Interference changes is slower.And the channel circumstance of microwave radio relay communication and satellite communication exactly satisfies this two characteristics.So we just insert one section fixing pilot signal at set intervals at interval in signals transmission, because the high-altitude electromagnetic field changes slowly, we can think that the electromagnetic field in each time period is stable.Pilot signal can provide an initial value for the associating modulation of polarization phases, can be used for the influence that the interference of electromagnetic field brings polarized signal between modified spatial.Specifically can be divided into following seven steps and realize that system block diagram is as shown in Figure 7.
(1) the three-dimensional planisphere of data is shaped, and binary data information is corresponded on the constellation point of three-dimensional associating modulation constellation;
(2) insert pilot frequency information,
The place (
TBe code-element period), insert one section fixing pilot frequency information to eliminate the electromagnetic interference in space;
(3) three-dimensional is united modulation, and the good planisphere that is shaped is modulated to the complete polarization electromagnetic wave, and through the emission of vector antenna;
(4) wireless channel transmission, electromagnetic wave transmits in wireless channel;
(5) associating coherent demodulation, the electromagnetic wave that the vector antenna is received carries out associating coherent demodulation, obtains corresponding to digital information;
(6) remove pilot signal, recover the data of being transmitted;
(7) restore data information from three-dimensional planisphere, recovers original data message.
Through analyzing simulating, verifying performance of the present invention.For three-dimensional modulation signal, the error rate of its signal can be write as three-dimensional joint probability density distribution function [5]:
To x, y, three variablees of z are done triple integral, and the expression formula of signal error rate is:
The BER of 4poPSK, QPSK, 6poPSK and 6 tunnel dual polarization modulation signals has been carried out the emulation contrast, and the result is as shown in Figure 8.
Above-mentioned analysis and emulation show: being that 4poPSK has the lower error rate than QPSK under 4 the situation in constellation point quantity, is that 6poPSK has the lower error rate than 6 tunnel dual polarization modulation signals under 6 the situation in constellation point quantity.Its reason is because the poPSK signal that constellation point quantity when identical, is distributed in the three dimensions can obtain bigger Euclidean distance than the psk signal of two-dimensional space; In other words; When BER is close; Promptly be distributed in the minimum euclidean distance of poPSK signal constellation point and the psk signal constellation point in the two-dimensional space in the three dimensions when close, owing to can hold more constellation point in the three dimensions, thereby can transmit more information simultaneously; Under the close error rate, poPSK has higher data transmission efficiency.
List of references
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[4]?Nazarathy,?M.;?Simony,?E.?“Error?probability?performance?of?equi-energy?combined?transmission?of?differential?phase,?amplitude,?and?polarization”?IEEE,?Journal?of?light?wave?technology,?vol.25,?no.1,?pp.249-260,?January?2007
[5]?Benedetto,?S.;?Gaudino,?R.;?Poggiolini,?P.?“Direct?decection?of?optical?digital?transmission?based?on?polarization?shift?keying?modulation”?IEEE,?Journal?on?selected?areas?in?communications,?vol.13,?no.3,?pp.531-542,?April?1995
[6]?Henning?Bulow,?“Polarization?QAM?modulation?(POL-QAM)?for?coherent?detection?schemes”?IEEE,?pp.1-3,?OSA/OFC/NFOEC?2009
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Claims (3)
1. the three-dimensional modulator approach that the polarization of signal and phase place combine in the communication system; It is characterized in that utilizing the characteristics of vector antenna to the polarization of ele information sensing; Carry the carrier wave of polarization information with the emission of vector antenna; Utilize the vector antenna to receive equally and demodulation at receiving terminal, obtain original phase-modulated information and polarization modulation information simultaneously; Make and in radio communication, use ' signal phase ', ' polarization amplitude ' and ' the polarization angle of pitch ' as the characteristic parameter that carries data message in the modulation;
For far-field signal; With the vector antenna is that initial point is set up coordinate system; With
;
;
representes the unit vector of TME direction of wave travel, and then the electric field component E of complete polarization TEM ripple is expressed as:
Then polarization and the phase place three-dimensional expression formula of uniting the signal of modulation is:
Wherein:
and
representes the complex signal envelope of vertical polarization directions and horizontal polarization directions respectively;
is carrier frequency;
is the normalized energy of three-dimensional modulation signal;
is the ratio of vertical polarization directions energy and horizontal polarization directions energy;
is the PSK phase modulation;
is that the polarization phases of signal is poor, and
is the amplitude of TEM ripple.
2. the three-dimensional modulator approach that the polarization of signal and phase place combine in the communication system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that with<i >A</i>Represent polarization ellipse amplitude ratio, satisfy 0<<img file="2011102249528100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE019.GIF" he="18" id="ifm0014" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" inline="no" orientation="portrait" wi="17" /><1, it is within 1 the sphere that all constellation point are normalized to radius;<i >A</i>Identical signal is distributed in planisphere on the same sphere; With<img file="978693DEST_PATH_IMAGE015.GIF" he="18" id="ifm0015" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" inline="no" orientation="portrait" wi="16" />The phase-modulated component of representation signal,<img file="470854DEST_PATH_IMAGE020.GIF" he="22" id="ifm0016" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" inline="no" orientation="portrait" wi="73" />, the representation signal spot projection behind the x-y plane with the angle of x axle, with<img file="712480DEST_PATH_IMAGE016.GIF" he="18" id="ifm0017" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" inline="no" orientation="portrait" wi="14" />The polarization orientation angle of representation signal, 0<<img file="299188DEST_PATH_IMAGE016.GIF" he="18" id="ifm0018" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" inline="no" orientation="portrait" wi="14" /><<img file="2011102249528100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE021.GIF" he="16" id="ifm0019" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" inline="no" orientation="portrait" wi="16" />, the angle of representation signal and z axle.
3. the three-dimensional modulator approach that the polarization of signal and phase place combine in the communication system according to claim 2; It is characterized in that in signals transmission; Just insert one section fixing pilot signal at set intervals at interval; This pilot signal is that the associating modulation of polarization phases provides an initial value, is used for the influence that the interference of electromagnetic field brings polarized signal between modified spatial.
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| CN111525960B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-01-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Quantum communication method, device and system |
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| CN113206695A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-03 | 温州大学智能锁具研究院 | Index vector modulation method and device based on constellation diagram and antenna combination |
| CN113206695B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-08-19 | 温州大学智能锁具研究院 | Index vector modulation method and device based on constellation diagram and antenna combination |
| CN114389929A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-04-22 | 广东省新一代通信与网络创新研究院 | Three-dimensional modulation and demodulation method and system for high-speed transmission of base station |
| CN114389929B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-07 | 广东省新一代通信与网络创新研究院 | Three-dimensional modulation and demodulation method and system for high-speed transmission of base station |
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