CN114415441A - Multi-component entangled-state light field generation device and method - Google Patents
Multi-component entangled-state light field generation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3501—Constructional details or arrangements of non-linear optical devices, e.g. shape of non-linear crystals
- G02F1/3503—Structural association of optical elements, e.g. lenses, with the non-linear optical device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3551—Crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
- G02F1/392—Parametric amplification
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum optics, and particularly relates to a multi-component entangled-state optical field generation device and a method, wherein the device comprises a first cavity mirror, an NOPA crystal, a second cavity mirror, a fixed mirror and a spring which are sequentially arranged on an optical path, and the first cavity mirror, the NOPA crystal and the second cavity mirror form a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier; the first cavity mirror, the NOPA crystal and the fixed mirror are fixedly arranged relative to the pump light, and the second cavity mirror is connected with the fixed mirror through a spring; the pump light is incident from the outside of the first cavity mirror. The NOPA is arranged in the opto-mechanical system to realize the generation of a large-scale cluster state, and the cluster state with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures can be generated to be used as an entanglement structure of the frequency comb of the extensible quantum system, thereby laying a foundation for quantum computation of quantum measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum optics, and particularly relates to a device and a method for generating a multi-component entangled-state light field.
Background
Quantum entangled-state light field entanglement is an essential physical resource for quantum communication, quantum metering, and measurement-based general quantum computing. Scientists have recently become interested in a particular multi-component entangled state, known as the cluster state, which is a prerequisite for the construction of quantum information networks and quantum computing. Both general quantum computing and multiplexed quantum information systems require cluster states to be large scale and dimensions to be at least two-dimensional. Several proposals have been made to generate cluster states of two or more dimensional structures using different systems, but the scale is small and cannot be extended. NOPA (non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier) has been the focus of research as one of the best entangled light sources in continuous variable systems. The photodynamic system provides another ideal platform for the creation of multicomponent entanglement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and solves the technical problems that: a multi-component entangled-state light field generating device and method are provided to generate multi-component entangled-state light fields of different dimensions.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a multi-component entangled-state optical field generating device comprises a first cavity mirror, an NOPA crystal, a second cavity mirror, a fixing device and a spring which are sequentially arranged on an optical path, wherein the first cavity mirror, the NOPA crystal and the second cavity mirror form a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier; the first cavity mirror, the NOPA crystal and the fixing device are fixedly arranged relative to the pump light, and the second cavity mirror is connected with the fixing device through a spring; the pump light is incident from the outside of the first cavity mirror.
The NOPA crystal is a second type nonlinear crystal.
The first cavity mirror and the second cavity mirror are concave mirrors.
The second cavity mirror is a high-reflection mirror with the reflectivity higher than 99%.
The second cavity mirror is an antireflection mirror with the transmissivity higher than 99%.
In addition, the invention also provides a multi-component entangled-state light field generation method, which is realized based on the multi-component entangled-state light field generation device and obtains different multi-component entangled-state light fields by changing the threshold value of the cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a device and a method for generating a component entangled-state optical field, wherein NOPA is arranged in an opto-mechanical system, and theoretical calculation proves that the device can generate a multi-component entangled-state optical field with a rich structure by combining the advantages of the NOPA and the NOPA.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-component entangled-state optical field generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an eight-mode Hamiltonian plot;
FIG. 3 is a corresponding entanglement and corresponding regular graph of an A matrix of eight modes;
FIG. 4 shows the degree of entanglement corresponding to the A matrix of the 60 modes;
fig. 5 is a diagram of the 60 modes obtained from a by increasing compression by ignoring elements below the threshold.
In the figure: the device comprises a first cavity mirror 1, an NOPA crystal 2, a second cavity mirror 3, a fixing device 4, a spring 5 and pump light 6.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-component entangled-state optical field generating device, including a mechanical oscillator composed of a first cavity mirror 1, an NOPA crystal 2, a second cavity mirror 3, a fixing device 4 and a spring 5, which are sequentially disposed on an optical path, wherein the first cavity mirror 1, the NOPA crystal 2 and the second cavity mirror 3 form a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA); the first cavity mirror 1, the NOPA crystal 2 and the fixed mirror 4 are fixedly arranged relative to the pump light 6, and the second cavity mirror 3 is connected with the fixed mirror 4 through a spring 5; after the pump light 6 enters the NOPA from the outer side of the first cavity mirror 1, multi-component entanglement is generated, and the entanglement light is output through the second cavity mirror 3, or after the entanglement light is reflected by the second cavity mirror 3, the entanglement light is output from the outer side of the first cavity mirror 1.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first cavity mirror 1 and the second cavity mirror 3 are concave mirrors, and the NOPA crystal 2 is a second-type nonlinear crystal.
The working principle of the multi-component entangled-state light field generating device provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: in this embodiment, the first cavity mirror 1 constituting the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier is fixed, the second cavity mirror 3 is movable, and the movable second cavity mirror 3 can be regarded as a quantum mechanical resonator having an effective mass m and a frequency ω. Suppose a cavity free spectral range omegafsrEqual to mirror oscillation frequency omegamTwice, first at a frequency of ωpThe pump light can be incident into the cavity optical power system from a fixed cavity mirror, and is converted under the generation parameter of the nonlinear crystal, a signal field and idle light are generated in the cavity, and the frequency is respectively as follows:
ωs＝ω0±nΩ； (1)
ωi＝ω0±nΩ； (2)
the two down-conversion fields satisfy the energy conservation, i.e. omegap＝ωs+ωiThe polarizations are perpendicular to each other. The condition that two down conversion modes in the system can generate optical force coupling with the mechanical vibrator is that the interval of free spectral regions of the cavity is just twice of the frequency of the quantum mechanical vibrator (movable cavity mirror).
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the entanglement relationship between the lower rotary turret and the mechanical die. Since the two down-conversion modes are driven by the same incident light beam, not only do the two down-conversion modes have correlation, but they also interact with the mechanical vibrator to generate multi-body entanglement. The optical mechanical system and the optical mechanical cavity have the outstanding advantage that different subsystems (such as a microwave field and an optical field) can be entangled by utilizing a mechanical vibrator. As shown in fig. 2, the two optical mode of fig. a connected in straight line are generated by down-conversion, and the two optical mode connected in curved line are entangled due to the opto-mechanical interaction.
The Hamiltonian of the system is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the annihilation operator of the pump field,
and
representing the annihilation operator of the down-converted field.
Is the coupling strength of optical force, L is the cavity length, and m is the effective mass of the mechanical vibrator. OmegamIs the resonance frequency of the second mirror 3. OmegajRepresents the resonance frequency of the j-th mode;
for the coupling ratio between the drive field and the cavity field, P is the pump power,
is the retardation rate, F is the fineness of the cavity, and c represents the speed of light. G represents an entanglement constant, when the parameter process and the optical-mechanical interaction exist, G takes a value of 1, if not, 0, i represents an imaginary number,
representing the reduced planck constant.
The H diagram (hamiltonian) of the system is shown in fig. 2. In fig. 2, the relationship between the down-conversion fields and the interaction between the two optical modes due to the opto-mechanical interaction can be clearly seen. In a practical device, a structurally symmetrical cluster state can be generated simultaneously. For ease of understanding, these patterns are renamed to N-2N (N-1234). According to the interaction Hamiltonian and the renamed mode, the G matrix can be written as:
the matrix can be seen as a contiguous matrix of H (hamiltonian) plots, which are dichotomous or bicolored, meaning that all optical modes are distributed into two sets with no interaction between the optical modes of the two sets. The entanglement of 60 optical modes is considered and the last mode of the set is considered to have no interaction with modes outside the set. The N eigenmodes have the following quantum standard deviations:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein A is a contiguous matrix, PjQuadrature phase, Q, for the j-th modejIs the quadrature amplitude of the j-th mode, e-ξtIs the compression factor and t is the hamiltonian interaction time (or cavity lifetime in a simplified model).
In the present embodiment, two numerical examples of the graph states with different scales are given, and the obtained results are as follows.
A. On a small scale
Taking the eight modes shown in fig. 2 as an example, the corresponding adjacency matrix a is shown in fig. 3(a), the gray scale depth in the graph represents different entanglement degrees, fig. 3(b) is a corresponding regular graph, the numbers 1 to 8 in the graph represent the 1 st to 8 th modes, and the connecting lines between the modes represent entanglement among the modes.
B. Large scale
To understand the overall structure, the present embodiment extends to any larger scale but calculable number of modes, such as 60 th order modes. In a cavity optical power system, the number of modes is limited mainly by the phase matching bandwidth of the NOPA nonlinear process. The phase bandwidth of the class II KTP crystal is about THz magnitude, and the mode of the crystal is in the free spectral range of a cavity of 1GHzThe number of the formula can reach 103And (4) respectively. Fig. 4 shows the entanglement of the adjacency matrix a corresponding to 60 patterns. Although the adjacency matrix a is nominally a complete two-color graph, i.e., nodes 1-30 are not interconnected, but rather are all connected to all nodes 31-60. According to this set of cluster state entanglement criteria, all elements below a certain threshold are set to zero. The selected threshold corresponds to the actual value of the two-mode compression, and fig. 5 shows the result of pruning only part of the image obtained from the adjacency matrix a by increasing the compression, ignoring the elements below the threshold. In the figure, (a) shows one-dimensional entanglement obtained under the condition of a threshold value range of 0.51-0.34 and a compression range of 2.9-4.6 dB, in the figure, (b) shows two-dimensional entanglement obtained under the condition of a threshold value range of 0.33-0.3 and a compression range of 4.8-5.2 dB, and in the figure, (c) shows three-dimensional entanglement obtained under the condition of a threshold value range of 0.29-0.25 and a compression range of 5.3-6 dB. Since the figures are regular, only the central part is shown, except for structural defects at the boundaries, to clearly highlight the variations in the valence and structure of the figures. It is noted that variations in the amount of compression can produce cluster states of two-dimensional and three-dimensional structure, suitable for general quantum computation.
In summary, the present invention provides a multi-component entangled-state optical field generating device, which demonstrates the generation of a large scale cluster state by adding a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) in an opto-mechanical system. In contrast to type I OPOs, type II OPOs based on spatial separation can directly produce EPR entanglement of the frequency comb structure. At the same polarization and at a frequency interval of 2 omegamIn this case, the webbing may be entangled by an opto-mechanical system. The invention firstly proposes to put NOPA in the opto-mechanical system to realize the generation of a large-scale cluster state, and can generate a cluster state with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, which is used as an entangled structure of an expandable quantum system frequency comb and lays a foundation for quantum computation of quantum measurement.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A multi-component entangled-state optical field generating device is characterized by comprising a first cavity mirror (1), an NOPA crystal (2), a second cavity mirror (3), a fixing device (4) and a spring (5) which are sequentially arranged on an optical path, wherein the first cavity mirror (1), the NOPA crystal (2) and the second cavity mirror (3) form a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier; the first cavity mirror (1), the NOPA crystal (2) and the fixing device (4) are fixedly arranged relative to the pump light (6), and the second cavity mirror (3) is connected with the fixing device (4) through a spring (5); the pump light (6) is incident from the outside of the first cavity mirror (1).
2. A multicomponent entangled state light field generating device according to claim 1 characterized in that said NOPA crystal (2) is a nonlinear crystal of type two.
3. A multicomponent entangled state light-field generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that said first (1) and second (3) cavity mirrors are concave mirrors.
4. A multicomponent entangled state light-field generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that said second cavity mirror (3) is a high-reflectivity mirror with a reflectivity higher than 99%.
5. A multicomponent entangled state light-field generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that said second cavity mirror (3) is an anti-reflection mirror with a transmittance higher than 99%.
6. A multi-component entangled-state light field generation method realized based on the multi-component entangled-state light field generation device of claim 1, which obtains different multi-component entangled-state light fields by changing the output entanglement of a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier.
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| US20040042513A1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2004-03-04 | Teich Malvin C. | High-flux entangled photon generation via parametric processes in a laser cavity |
| US20130121633A1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | California Institute Of Technology | Systems and methods for tuning a cavity |
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| CN105259726A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-20 | 山西大学 | Device and method for generating multi-frequency-point two-component entangled light field through continuous wave laser |
| CN109856888A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-06-07 | 山西大学 | A kind of device and method enhancing the continuous variable compressed state optical field degree of compression |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| RIZWAN AHMED等: "Optomechanical entanglement via non-degenerate parametric interactions" * |
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