CN114415441B - Multi-component entangled state light field generating device and method - Google Patents
Multi-component entangled state light field generating device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114415441B CN114415441B CN202111544065.9A CN202111544065A CN114415441B CN 114415441 B CN114415441 B CN 114415441B CN 202111544065 A CN202111544065 A CN 202111544065A CN 114415441 B CN114415441 B CN 114415441B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- HVBDBNBRWGIRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrosoprocainamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(N=O)C=C1 HVBDBNBRWGIRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/3501—Constructional details or arrangements of non-linear optical devices, e.g. shape of non-linear crystals
- G02F1/3503—Structural association of optical elements, e.g. lenses, with the non-linear optical device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3551—Crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
- G02F1/392—Parametric amplification
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum optics, and particularly relates to a multi-component entangled state light field generating device and method, wherein the device comprises a first cavity mirror, a NOPA crystal, a second cavity mirror, a fixed mirror and a spring which are sequentially arranged on a light path, and the first cavity mirror, the NOPA crystal and the second cavity mirror form a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier; the first cavity mirror, the NOPA crystal and the fixed mirror are fixedly arranged relative to the pump light, and the second cavity mirror is connected with the fixed mirror through a spring; the pump light is incident from the outside of the first cavity mirror. According to the invention, NOPA is placed in an optomechanical system to realize generation of a large-scale cluster state, and the cluster state with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures can be generated, so that the NOPA is used as an entanglement structure of a frequency comb of an extensible quantum system, and a foundation is laid for quantum computation of quantum measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum optics, and particularly relates to a device and a method for generating a multicomponent entangled state light field.
Background
Quantum entanglement state optical field entanglement is an indispensable physical resource for quantum communication, quantum metering and measurement-based general quantum computing. Scientists have recently become interested in a special multicomponent entangled state (called cluster state) because cluster state is a prerequisite for building quantum information networks and quantum computing. Both general quantum computing and multiplexing quantum information systems require cluster states to be large-scale and have dimensions of at least two dimensions. Several proposals have been made to generate cluster states of two or more dimensional structures using different systems, but with small scale, which cannot be extended. NOPA (non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier) has been the focus of research as one of the best entangled light sources in continuously variable systems. The photodynamic system provides another ideal platform for the generation of multicomponent entanglement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects existing in the prior art, and solves the technical problems that: a multi-component entangled state light field generating device and method are provided to generate multi-component entangled state light fields of different dimensions.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-component entangled state light field generating device comprises a first cavity mirror, a NOPA crystal, a second cavity mirror, a fixing device and a spring which are sequentially arranged on a light path, wherein the first cavity mirror, the NOPA crystal and the second cavity mirror form a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier; the first cavity mirror, the NOPA crystal and the fixing device are fixedly arranged relative to the pump light, and the second cavity mirror is connected with the fixing device through a spring; the pump light is incident from the outside of the first cavity mirror.
The NOPA crystals are of the second type nonlinear.
The first cavity mirror and the second cavity mirror are concave mirrors.
The second cavity mirror is a high-reflection mirror with the reflectivity higher than 99%.
The second cavity mirror is a lens-increasing lens with the transmittance higher than 99%.
In addition, the invention also provides a multi-component entangled state light field generating method which is realized based on the multi-component entangled state light field generating device, and different multi-component entangled state light fields are obtained by changing the threshold size of the cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a device and a method for generating a component entangled state light field, which utilize an optical mechanical system to put NOPA in the device and combine the advantages of the NOPA and the NOPA, and theoretical calculation proves that the device can generate the multi-component entangled state light field with rich structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-component entangled state light field generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an eight-modality Hamiltonian graph;
FIG. 3 is a graph of entanglement corresponding to an eight-modality A matrix and a corresponding regular pattern;
FIG. 4 is entanglement corresponding to the A matrix of 60 modes;
fig. 5 is a diagram of a 60-modality obtained from a by increasing compression by ignoring elements below a threshold.
In the figure: 1 is a first cavity mirror, 2 is a NOPA crystal, 3 is a second cavity mirror, 4 is a fixing device, 5 is a spring, and 6 is pumping light.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multicomponent entangled state light field generating device, which includes a mechanical oscillator formed by a first cavity mirror 1, a NOPA crystal 2, a second cavity mirror 3, a fixing device 4 and a spring 5 sequentially arranged on a light path, where the first cavity mirror 1, the NOPA crystal 2 and the second cavity mirror 3 form a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA); the first cavity mirror 1, the NOPA crystal 2 and the fixed mirror 4 are fixedly arranged relative to the pump light 6, and the second cavity mirror 3 is connected with the fixed mirror 4 through a spring 5; after entering the NOPA from the outer side of the first cavity mirror 1, the pump light 6 generates multicomponent entanglement, and the entangled light is output through the second cavity mirror 3, or the entangled light is output from the outer side of the first cavity mirror 1 after being reflected by the second cavity mirror 3.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first cavity mirror 1 and the second cavity mirror 3 are concave mirrors, and the NOPA crystal 2 is a type-ii nonlinear crystal.
The working principle of the multi-component entangled state light field generating device provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: in this embodiment, the first cavity mirror 1 constituting the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier is fixed, the second cavity mirror 3 is movable, and the movable second cavity mirror 3 can be regarded as a quantum mechanical resonator having an effective mass m and a frequency ω. Assuming a free spectral region ω of the cavity fsr Equal to the mirror oscillation frequency omega m Is at first twice the frequency omega p The pump light of (2) is incident into the cavity optical power system from the fixed cavity mirror, and is subjected to parametric down-conversion by the nonlinear crystal to generate a signal field and idle light in the cavity, and the frequency is the same as that of the signal fieldThe method comprises the following steps of:
ω s ＝ω 0 ±nΩ； (1)
ω i ＝ω 0 ±nΩ； (2)
the two down-conversion fields satisfy energy conservation, ω p ＝ω s +ω i The polarizations are perpendicular to each other. The condition that two down-conversion modes in the system can be coupled with mechanical vibrators in optical power is that the free spectral range of the cavity is exactly twice the frequency of the quantum mechanical vibrator (movable cavity mirror).
As shown in fig. 2, a graph of entanglement between the down-conversion field and the mechanical mode is shown. Since the two down-conversion modes are driven by the same beam of incident light, not only will there be a correlation between the two down-conversion modes, they will also interact with the mechanical vibrator to create multi-entanglement. The opto-mechanical system, the opto-mechanical cavity, has the outstanding advantage that different subsystems (such as microwave fields and optical fields) can be entangled by using mechanical vibrators. As shown in fig. 2, the two entangled optical modes of the straight line connection in fig. a are generated by down-conversion, and the two optical modes of the curved line connection are entangled due to the optical mechanical interaction.
The Hamiltonian amount of the system is:
wherein,annihilation operator for pump field, +.>And->Representing annihilation operators of the down-conversion field. />Is the coupling strength of the optical power, L is the cavity length, and m is the effective mass of the mechanical vibrator. Omega m Is the resonant frequency of the second cavity mirror 3. Omega j Representing the resonance frequency of the j-th mode; />For the coupling ratio between the drive field and the cavity field, P is the pump power,is the retardation, F is the chamber finesse, and c represents the speed of light. G represents entanglement constant, G takes a value of 1 when both parametric processes and due to opto-mechanical interactions are present, if not 0, i represents imaginary number, (-) ->Representing a reduced planck constant.
The H-diagram (hamiltonian diagram) of the system is shown in fig. 2. In fig. 2, the relationship between the down-conversion fields and the interaction between the two optical modes due to the photo-mechanical interaction can be clearly seen. In practical devices, structurally symmetrical cluster states can be produced simultaneously. For ease of understanding, these patterns are renamed to n=2n (n= 1 2 3 4). Depending on the interaction hamiltonian and renaming pattern, the G matrix may be written as:
the matrix can be seen as an adjacency matrix of an H (hamiltonian) plot, which is bi-directional or bi-colored, meaning that all optical modes are distributed into two sets, with no interaction between the optical modes of the two sets. Entanglement of 60 optical modes is considered and the last mode of the set is considered to have no interaction with modes outside the set. The N eigenmodes have the following quantum standard deviations:
wherein,
wherein A is an adjacency matrix, P j Quadrature phase for the j-th mode, Q j Quadrature amplitude for the j-th mode, e -ξt Is the compression factor, t is the hamiltonian interaction time (or the cavity lifetime in the reduced model).
In this example, two numerical examples of the state of the graph at different scales are given, and the following results are obtained.
A. Small scale of
Taking the eight modes shown in fig. 2 as an example, the corresponding adjacent matrix a is shown in fig. 3 (a), the gray scale in the figure represents different entanglement degrees, fig. 3 (b) is a corresponding regular graph, the numbers 1 to 8 in the figure represent the 1 st to 8 th modes, and the connection lines between the modes represent entanglement between the modes.
B. Large scale
To understand the overall structure, the present embodiment extends to any larger scale but computable number of modes, such as 60 th order modes. In cavity optical power systems, the number of modes is primarily limited by the phase matching bandwidth of the NOPA nonlinear process. The phase bandwidth of class II KTP crystal is about THz magnitude, and the mode number can reach 10 for the cavity free spectrum region of 1GHz 3 And each. Fig. 4 shows entanglement degrees of the adjacent matrix a corresponding to 60 patterns. Although the adjacency matrix a is nominally a complete two-color graph, i.e. nodes 1-30 are not connected to each other but to all nodes 31-60. All elements below a certain threshold are set to zero according to the set of cluster state entanglement criteria. The selected threshold corresponds to the actual value of the dual-mode compression, and fig. 5 is a diagram of the image obtained from the adjacency matrix a by increasing compression by ignoring elements below the threshold, where pruning of the image only shows a partial result. In the figure, (a) shows one-dimensional entanglement obtained under the conditions of a threshold range of 0.51-0.34 and a compression range of 2.9-4.6 dB, in the figure, (b) shows two-dimensional entanglement obtained under the conditions of a threshold range of 0.33-0.3 and a compression range of 4.8-5.2 dB, and in the figure, (c) shows threshold range of 0.29-0.25 and compression range of 5.3-6 dBThree-dimensional entanglement. Since the pattern is regular, only the central portion is shown except for structural defects at the boundary to clearly highlight the variation in price and structure of the pattern. Notably, the variation in the amount of compression can produce cluster states of two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, suitable for general quantum computing.
In summary, the present invention provides a multi-component entangled state light field generating device, which demonstrates the generation of large-scale cluster states by adding a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) to an opto-mechanical system. In contrast to type I OPO, type II OPO based on spatial separation can directly produce EPR entanglement of the frequency comb structure. At the same polarization and frequency interval of 2ω m In the case of (2), the sidebands can be entangled by an optomechanical system. According to the invention, NOPA is put into an optomechanical system for the first time, so that generation of a large-scale cluster state is realized, a cluster state with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures can be generated, and the cluster state is used as an entanglement structure of a frequency comb of an expandable quantum system, thereby laying a foundation for quantum computation of quantum measurement.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The multi-component entangled state light field generating device is characterized by comprising a first cavity mirror (1), a NOPA crystal (2), a second cavity mirror (3), a fixing device (4) and a spring (5) which are sequentially arranged on a light path, wherein the first cavity mirror (1), the NOPA crystal (2) and the second cavity mirror (3) form a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier; the first cavity mirror (1), the NOPA crystal (2) and the fixing device (4) are fixedly arranged relative to the pump light (6), and the second cavity mirror (3) is connected with the fixing device (4) through a spring (5); the pump light (6) is incident from the outer side of the first cavity mirror (1); the NOPA crystal (2) is a type II nonlinear crystal.
2. A multicomponent entangled state light field generating device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second cavity mirrors (1, 3) are concave mirrors.
3. A multicomponent entangled state light field generating device according to claim 1, wherein the second cavity mirror (3) is a high-reflectivity mirror with a reflectivity higher than 99%.
4. A multicomponent entangled state light field generating device according to claim 1, wherein the second cavity mirror (3) is a lensing enhancement having a transmittance higher than 99%.
5. A method for generating a multicomponent entangled-state light field, characterized in that it is realized based on a multicomponent entangled-state light field generating device according to claim 1, which obtains different multicomponent entangled-state light fields by changing the output entanglement degree of a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier.
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| CN109856888A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-06-07 | 山西大学 | A kind of device and method enhancing the continuous variable compressed state optical field degree of compression |
| CN111555100A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-18 | 山西大学 | Device and method for generating high-order transverse mode compression light by utilizing three-mode opto-mechanical system |
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| WO2002045468A2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-06 | Trustees Of Boston University | High-flux entangled photon generation via parametric processes in a laser cavity |
| US8849075B2 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2014-09-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Systems and methods for tuning a cavity |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103149773A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-06-12 | 山西大学 | Device and method for automatically adjusting classical gain in continuous variable quantum entanglement source |
| CN105259726A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-20 | 山西大学 | Device and method for generating multi-frequency-point two-component entangled light field through continuous wave laser |
| CN109856888A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-06-07 | 山西大学 | A kind of device and method enhancing the continuous variable compressed state optical field degree of compression |
| CN111555100A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-18 | 山西大学 | Device and method for generating high-order transverse mode compression light by utilizing three-mode opto-mechanical system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| Rizwan Ahmed等.Optomechanical entanglement via non-degenerate parametric interactions.《Physica Scripta》.2017,Introduction- Conclusions. * |
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