CN114414565A - Multi-energy composite laser welding pool observation device and experimental method - Google Patents
Multi-energy composite laser welding pool observation device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114414565A CN114414565A CN202111446991.2A CN202111446991A CN114414565A CN 114414565 A CN114414565 A CN 114414565A CN 202111446991 A CN202111446991 A CN 202111446991A CN 114414565 A CN114414565 A CN 114414565A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQAPWLAUGBBGJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Rb] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Rb] VQAPWLAUGBBGJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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Abstract
A multi-energy composite laser welding pool observation device and an experimental method comprise a first fixing piece, a third fixing piece and a base, wherein a first bearing wall and a second bearing wall are vertically arranged at two ends of the base; a workpiece is arranged on the first fixing piece, and a magnetic field source is arranged below the workpiece; the third fixing piece is provided with a transparent material. The experimental method has simple steps and no high requirement on equipment, and can realize the accurate positioning of the laser beam by designing the reference point with distinct characteristics and providing the accurate laser beam position interval, thereby improving the shooting effect of the molten pool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding, in particular to a multi-energy composite laser welding pool observation device and an experimental method.
Background
Due to the respective distinct characteristics of the current, the magnetic field and the electric arc, more and more researchers and industrial workers apply the current, the magnetic field and the electric arc to the field of laser welding, and the respective defects are complemented through the characteristics of different energies, so that the welding quality is improved, such as magnetic field assisted laser welding, magnetic field assisted laser-electric arc hybrid welding, electromagnetic assisted laser welding and the like. The magnetic field therein is usually applied by a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil.
The observation and analysis of the flow behavior of the welding pool are important ways for researching the welding principle and improving the welding quality, and the observation and shooting of the flow behavior of the side surface of the welding pool are usually realized by adopting a method of tightly attaching a high-temperature resistant transparent material, such as quartz glass, to the side surface of a workpiece and then shooting by using a high-speed camera matched with a proper optical filter from the side surface.
In order to avoid influencing the operation path of a welding machine, the installation and fixing positions of a magnetic field source and a transparent material used for shooting the side surface of a melting tank in multi-energy hybrid welding are often arranged below a workpiece, and because the magnetic field source and the transparent material are required to be tightly attached to the workpiece, a quartz plate is usually arranged below a sample, and then the magnetic field source is arranged. When the workpiece is not magnetic conductive, the magnetic field is quickly attenuated in the air, and in order to ensure the welding quality, the magnetic field source needs to have enough magnetic induction intensity, namely, a strong enough magnetic material or a large enough coil current is needed, so that the realization is difficult on one hand, and the cost is overhigh on the other hand. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device capable of photographing a weld pool during multi-energy hybrid laser welding, and to explore the multi-energy hybrid principle and improve the welding quality.
When molten pool shooting is carried out, the path requirement of a laser beam path and a metal-transparent material interface is very accurate, if the laser beam path is too close to the transparent material side, on one hand, the heat input is insufficient, a workpiece cannot be completely melted, and on the other hand, a large amount of light reflection is generated by the action of the laser beam and the workpiece, so that the shooting effect is influenced; if the path of the laser beam is too close to the side of the workpiece, the shooting surface of the workpiece close to the transparent material cannot be completely melted, and the finished molten pool image is difficult to observe. Therefore, besides designing a shooting device, designing a corresponding experimental method, realizing accurate positioning of the laser beam, and also being necessary for exploring the multi-energy composite principle and improving the welding quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-energy composite laser welding molten pool observation device and an experimental method, and aims to solve the problem that a multi-energy composite welding molten pool is difficult to observe.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-energy composite laser welding pool observation device comprises a first fixing piece, a third fixing piece and a base, wherein a first bearing wall and a second bearing wall are vertically arranged at two ends of the base;
a workpiece is arranged on the first fixing piece, and a magnetic field source is arranged below the workpiece;
the third fixing piece is provided with a transparent material.
Furthermore, one end of the first fixing piece is in threaded connection with the first bearing wall, and the other end of the first fixing piece is in threaded connection with the second bearing wall; one end of the third fixing piece is in threaded connection with the first bearing wall, and the other end of the third fixing piece is in threaded connection with the second bearing wall.
Furthermore, a plurality of fourth navigation studs are arranged on the base, the magnetic field source installation platform penetrates through the plurality of fourth navigation studs and can move up and down along the fourth navigation studs, one fourth navigation stud is provided with a first positioning nut and a third positioning nut, the first positioning nut is positioned above the magnetic field source installation platform, the third positioning nut is positioned below the magnetic field source installation platform, the other fourth navigation stud is provided with a second positioning nut and a fourth positioning nut, the second positioning nut is positioned above the magnetic field source installation platform, the fourth positioning nut is positioned below the magnetic field source installation platform, and the magnetic field source is placed on the magnetic field source installation platform.
Furthermore, one side of the magnetic field source is provided with a protruding block, the other side of the magnetic field source is provided with a third extrusion block, the third extrusion block is arranged on the fifth navigation stud and can move along the fifth navigation stud, and one side of the third extrusion block is provided with a force application nut capable of extruding the third extrusion block.
Further, the width of the magnetic field source mounting platform is smaller than that of the base, an air inlet and an air guide groove are machined in the middle of the base, and the air inlet is connected with the air guide groove.
Furthermore, a second fixing piece is arranged on one side of the first fixing piece, a first extrusion block is arranged on one side of the workpiece, a second force application knob is arranged at the end part of the second navigation stud, the second fixing piece is L-shaped and comprises a first flat plate and a second flat plate which are connected and vertically arranged, the first flat plate is attached to the first fixing piece, and the second navigation stud penetrates through the second flat plate to be in contact with the first extrusion block.
Furthermore, the workpiece and the transparent material are the same in length, a second extrusion block is arranged at one end of the workpiece and the transparent material, a protruding portion is arranged on one side of the first fixing piece, one end of the workpiece and one end of the transparent material are in contact with the protruding portion, the other end of the workpiece and the other end of the transparent material are in contact with the second extrusion block, a first navigation stud is arranged on one side of the second extrusion block, and a first force application knob is arranged at the end portion of the first navigation stud.
Furthermore, the third fixing piece is lower than the first fixing piece, the height of the workpiece is lower than that of the transparent material, the workpiece is flush with the upper surface of the transparent material, and the lower surface of the transparent material is lower than that of the workpiece.
Further, a welding reserved gap is arranged between the first fixing piece and the third fixing piece.
An experimental method of the device comprises the following steps:
clamping the magnetic field source through the magnetic field source mounting platform, the third extrusion block, the force application nut and the fifth navigation stud, and adjusting the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field by adjusting the position of the positioning nut;
introducing Ar gas serving as protective gas into the closed box body until the air in the box body is completely exhausted;
placing a workpiece on the first fixing piece, and placing a transparent material on the third fixing piece to enable the workpiece to be attached to the transparent material;
finely adjusting the positions of the workpiece and the transparent material to enable a laser beam guide light spot to be positioned on the workpiece and tangent to the workpiece-transparent material interface, wherein the tangent point is used as a zero point, and the direction of the normal line of the interface pointing to the side of the workpiece is used as a positive direction;
by adjusting a laser beam positioning device, enabling a laser beam to move relative to a workpiece-transparent material interface, recording the diameter of the laser beam as r and the width of a welding seam as d, and determining the relative position L between the laser beam and the workpiece-transparent material interface after debugging for a limited time, wherein the reference value range of the moving distance of a laser beam guide light spot is [ -0.3r,0.75d ];
placing a high-speed camera on one side of a transparent material, starting the high-speed camera, shooting from one side of the transparent material, and arranging a protective lens and an optical filter between the high-speed camera and a workpiece;
and welding, and storing data after welding is finished.
Furthermore, the protective lens is made of quartz glass, and the filter is a combination of a 650nm red light band-pass filter and an attenuation filter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device has simple structure and low economic cost, can realize the shooting of the molten pool of the multi-energy composite laser welding, and provides direct experimental support for the welding principle of the multi-energy composite laser welding. By matching with different components, various composite welding such as current-assisted laser welding, laser-arc composite welding, magnetic field-assisted laser welding, electromagnetic field-assisted laser-arc composite welding and the like and molten pool shooting can be realized.
The experimental method has simple steps and no high requirement on equipment, and can realize the accurate positioning of the laser beam by designing the reference point with distinct characteristics and providing the accurate laser beam position interval, thereby improving the shooting effect of the molten pool.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the workpiece, the transparent material fixing member, and the spot path fine-adjustment member of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a spot path fine adjustment part of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the magnetic field source fixing and adjusting member of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a top view of a workpiece backside protective atmosphere application component of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the molten pool photographing and data saving device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first fixing member; 2. a second fixing member; 3. a first extrusion block; 4. a workpiece; 5. a second extrusion block; 6. a first navigation stud; 7. a third fixing member; 8. a first force application knob; 9. a third navigation stud; 10. a fourth navigation stud; 11. a first positioning nut; 12. a magnetic field source mounting platform; 13. a magnetic field source; 14. a third extrusion block; 15. a force application nut; 16. a fifth navigation stud; 17. a second positioning nut; 18. a first load-bearing wall; 19. a second load-bearing wall; 20. a third positioning nut; 21. a fourth positioning nut; 22. sealing the wall; 23. a base; 24. a second navigation stud; 25. a second force application knob; 26. welding a reserved gap; 27. a transparent material; 28. an air inlet; 29. a gas guide groove; 30. plasma; 31. welding a molten pool; 32. a high-speed camera; 33. protecting the lens; 34. a red light band-pass filter; 35. an attenuating filter; 36. and (5) laser pinhole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the device for observing a molten pool in multi-energy hybrid laser welding according to the present invention includes a workpiece and transparent material fixing component, a light spot path fine-tuning component, a magnetic field source fixing and adjusting component, a workpiece back protective atmosphere applying component, and a molten pool photographing and data storing device.
The fixing component for fixing the workpiece 4 comprises a first fixing piece 1, a first navigation stud 6, a first force application knob 8, a second extrusion block 5 and a third fixing piece 7.
And the light spot path fine adjustment component is used for realizing fine adjustment of a light spot path and comprises a second fixing piece 2, a second navigation stud 24, a second force application knob 25 and a first extrusion block 3.
The magnetic field source fixing and adjusting component is used for realizing the application of a magnetic field source and the regulation and control of the magnetic field intensity and comprises a magnetic field source mounting platform 12, a third navigation stud 9, a fourth navigation stud 10, a force application nut 15, a third extrusion block 14, a first positioning nut 11, a second positioning nut 17, a third positioning nut 20 and a fourth positioning nut 21.
The workpiece back protective atmosphere applying component is used for realizing gas protection of the back of the workpiece and comprises a sealing wall 22, a first bearing wall 18, a second bearing wall 19 and a base 23.
The base 23 is arranged at the lowest part, an air guide groove 29 is processed in the middle of the base 23, a first bearing wall 18 and a second bearing wall 19 are vertically arranged at two ends of the base 23, wherein sealing walls 22 are arranged at two sides of the base 23, the sealing walls 22, the first bearing wall 18, the second bearing wall 19, the base 23, the first fixing part 1 and the third fixing part 7 form a closed box body, the sealing walls 22, the first bearing wall 18, the second bearing wall 19, the base 23, the first fixing part 1 and the third fixing part 7 are connected through threads, namely a protective atmosphere applying component at the back of the workpiece 4 can be used for introducing protective gas through an air inlet which is communicated with the air guide groove 29, the protective gas enters the closed box body through the air guide groove 29 and is exhausted upwards until the box body is filled with the protective gas, and therefore gas protection at the back of the workpiece 4 is applied.
Threaded holes are processed at proper positions of four corners of a base 23, a fourth navigation stud 10 is arranged in each threaded hole, a magnetic field source mounting platform 12 penetrates through the four fourth navigation studs 10 and can move up and down along the fourth navigation studs 10, one fourth navigation stud 10 is provided with a first positioning nut 11 and a third positioning nut 20, the first positioning nut 11 is positioned above the magnetic field source mounting platform 12, the third positioning nut 20 is positioned below the magnetic field source mounting platform 12, one fourth navigation stud 10 is provided with a second positioning nut 17 and a fourth positioning nut 21, the second positioning nut 17 is positioned above the magnetic field source mounting platform 12, the fourth positioning nut 21 is positioned below the magnetic field source mounting platform 12, and the magnetic field source mounting platform 12 can be fixed at a specific position by adjusting the first positioning nut 11, the second positioning nut 17, the third positioning nut 20 and the fourth positioning nut 21, therefore, the distance between the magnetic field source installation platform 12 and the workpiece 4 is adjusted, the magnetic field source 13 is placed on the magnetic field source installation platform 12, the applied magnetic field intensity is controlled, a protruding block is arranged on one side of the magnetic field source 13, a third extrusion block 14 is arranged on the other side of the magnetic field source 13, a force application nut 15 is arranged on one side of the third extrusion block 14, the third extrusion block 14 extruded by the force application nut 15 and the protruding block on the left side of the magnetic field source installation platform 12 clamp the magnetic field source 13, the magnetic field source 13 is fixed, a fifth navigation stud 16 is installed on the magnetic field source installation platform 12, and the third extrusion block 14 can move along the fifth navigation stud 16 to adapt to different installation modes and installation sizes; the width of the magnetic field source mounting platform 12 is smaller than that of the base 23, an air inlet 28 is processed in the middle of the base 23, and the air inlet 28 is communicated with an air guide groove 29 to ensure that the protective gas below the magnetic field source mounting platform can smoothly pass through the air guide groove.
One end of the first fixing piece 1 is in threaded connection with the first bearing wall 18, and the other end of the first fixing piece is in threaded connection with the second bearing wall 19; one end of the third fixing member 7 is connected with the first bearing wall 18 in a threaded manner, and the other end is connected with the second bearing wall 19 in a threaded manner. The workpiece 4 is placed on the first fixing part 1, the transparent material 27 is placed on the third fixing part 7, the placing plane of the third fixing part 7 is slightly lower than that of the first fixing part 1, the height of the workpiece 4 is correspondingly slightly smaller than that of the transparent material 27, the structure enables the workpiece 4 to be flush with the upper surface of the transparent material 27, but the lower surface of the transparent material 27 is lower than that of the workpiece 4, so that the plasma plume possibly generated at the lower part of the workpiece 4 can be shot simultaneously when molten pool shooting is carried out, and the shooting of the plasma plume possibly generated at the lower part of the workpiece 4 is also significant for researching the flowing behavior of the molten pool.
A welding reserved gap 26 exists between the first fixing piece 1 and the third fixing piece 7, so that damage to the device caused by laser beams during penetration welding is avoided; the second fixing piece 2 is arranged on one side of the first fixing piece 1, the first extrusion block 3 is arranged on one side of the workpiece 4, the second force application knob 25 is arranged at the end portion of the second navigation stud 24, the second fixing piece 2 is L-shaped and comprises a first flat plate and a second flat plate which are connected and vertically arranged, the first flat plate is attached to the first fixing piece 1, and the second navigation stud 24 penetrates through the second flat plate to be in contact with the first extrusion block 3.
A force application path is ensured through the second fixing piece 2, the first fixing piece 1 and the second navigation stud 24, and distance fine adjustment in the width direction of the workpiece 4 is realized by rotating the second force application knob 25, so that a light spot path is in a proper range; the length of the workpiece 4 is the same as that of the transparent material 27, one end of the workpiece 4 and one end of the transparent material 27 are provided with a second extrusion block 5, one side of the first fixing piece 1 is provided with a protruding part, one end of the workpiece 4 and one end of the transparent material 27 are in contact with the protruding part, the other end of the workpiece 4 and the other end of the transparent material 27 are in contact with the second extrusion block 5, one side of the second extrusion block 5 is provided with a first navigation stud 6, and the end part of the first navigation stud 6 is provided with a first force application knob 8. The first force application knob 8 is screwed to apply force to the second extrusion block 5, clamping force is applied to the workpiece 4 and the transparent material 27 through the second extrusion block 5 and the left side protruding portion of the first fixing piece 1, and the workpiece 4 and the transparent material 27 are fixed by matching with supporting force provided by the first fixing piece 1 and the third fixing piece 7.
In order to avoid the influence of the device on the applied magnetic field, all materials of the device are made of nonmagnetic materials, the base 23 is made of red copper, all fixing pieces and the extrusion block are made of 7075 aluminum alloy, and all studs, nuts and screws are made of 304 austenitic stainless steel.
Referring to fig. 6, the molten pool photographing and data storing device is used for observing, photographing and storing the lateral flow behavior of the welding molten pool 31, and comprises a high-speed camera 32, a filter device and a computer. For laser welding baths, the use of red high-transmission filters is recommended. The filtering device comprises a protective lens and a filter.
The experimental method based on the multi-energy composite laser welding pool observation device comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps that a rubidium-iron-boron permanent magnet is used as a magnetic field source 13, the magnetic field source 13 is clamped through a magnetic field source mounting platform 12, a third extrusion block 14, a force application nut 15 and a fifth navigation stud 16, and the magnetic induction intensity of a magnetic field is adjusted through adjusting the position of a positioning nut 17;
(2) installing and connecting a first bearing wall 18, a second bearing wall 19 and a third positioning nut 20 to form a workpiece back protective atmosphere applying part, and introducing Ar gas as protective gas until the air in the box body is completely exhausted;
(3) placing the workpiece 4 and the transparent material 27 on the first fixing piece 1, and enabling the workpiece 4 to be tightly attached to the transparent material 27, wherein the transparent material is quartz glass;
(4) moving a welding gun to the position near a target path, and connecting arc welding in series or connecting auxiliary current according to requirements;
(5) finely adjusting the positions of the workpiece 4 and the transparent material 27, enabling a laser beam guide light spot to be positioned on the workpiece 4 and tangent to a workpiece-transparent material interface, taking a tangent point as a zero point, and taking the direction of the normal line of the interface pointing to the workpiece side as a positive direction;
(6) the laser beam is moved relative to the workpiece-transparent material interface by adjusting the laser beam positioning device. The diameter of the laser beam is recorded as r, the width of a welding seam is recorded as d, the reference value range of the movement distance of the light spot guided by the laser beam is [ -0.3r,0.75d ], the relative position L between the laser beam and the interface of the workpiece and the transparent material is determined after debugging for a limited time, and the relative positions L of different test groups are kept consistent when comparative analysis is carried out under different process conditions;
(7) the high-speed camera 32 is placed on the transparent material 27 side, a computer is connected, the high-speed camera 32 is turned on, and shooting is performed from the transparent material 27 side. A protective lens 33 and an optical filter are arranged between the high-speed camera 32 and the workpiece 4, quartz glass is recommended to be used as the protective lens, the high-speed camera 32 can be prevented from being burnt by splashing generated by laser welding under the condition that observation is not influenced, the optical filter is recommended to use a 650nm red light band-pass optical filter 34 and an attenuation optical filter 35, appropriate shooting parameters are matched according to needs, and the basic matching principle is as follows: the shorter the exposure time, the lower the transmittance of the neutral attenuation sheet and the larger the aperture number, the lower the brightness of the photographed image, and when the brightness of the image is higher, the light-induced plasma 30 can be observed, but the molten pool is not clear; when the image brightness is moderate, the light-induced plasma 30 and the welding molten pool 31 can be observed, but the laser pinhole 36 is not clear; when the image brightness is darker, the laser pinhole 36 can be observed;
(8) and welding, and storing data after welding is finished.
The device has simple structure and low economic cost, can realize the shooting of the molten pool of the multi-energy composite laser welding, and provides direct experimental support for the welding principle of the multi-energy composite laser welding. By matching with different components, various composite welding such as current-assisted laser welding, laser-arc composite welding, magnetic field-assisted laser welding, electromagnetic field-assisted laser-arc composite welding and the like and molten pool shooting can be realized.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-energy composite laser welding pool observation device is characterized by comprising a first fixing piece (1), a third fixing piece (7) and a base (23), wherein a first bearing wall (18) and a second bearing wall (19) are vertically arranged at two ends of the base (23), sealing walls (22) are arranged on two sides of the base (23), one end of the first fixing piece (1) is arranged on the first bearing wall (18), the other end of the first fixing piece is arranged on the second bearing wall (19), one end of the third fixing piece (7) is arranged on the first bearing wall (18), the other end of the third fixing piece (7) is arranged on the second bearing wall (19), and the first fixing piece (1), the third fixing piece (7), the first bearing wall (18), the second bearing wall (19), the sealing walls (22) and the base (23) form a closed box body;
a workpiece (4) is arranged on the first fixing piece (1), and a magnetic field source (13) is arranged below the workpiece (4);
the third fixing piece (7) is provided with a transparent material (27).
2. The observation device for the multi-energy hybrid laser welding pool according to claim 1, wherein one end of the first fixing member (1) is in threaded connection with the first bearing wall (18), and the other end is in threaded connection with the second bearing wall (19); one end of the third fixing piece (7) is in threaded connection with the first bearing wall (18), and the other end of the third fixing piece is in threaded connection with the second bearing wall (19).
3. The multi-energy hybrid laser welding molten pool observation device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of fourth navigation studs (10) are arranged on a base (23), the magnetic field source mounting platform (12) passes through the plurality of fourth navigation studs (10) and can move up and down along the fourth navigation studs (10), one of the fourth navigation studs (10) is provided with a first positioning nut (11) and a third positioning nut (20), the first positioning nut (11) is positioned above the magnetic field source mounting platform (12), the third positioning nut (20) is positioned below the magnetic field source mounting platform (12), the other fourth navigation stud (10) is provided with a second positioning nut (17) and a fourth positioning nut (21), the second positioning nut (17) is positioned above the magnetic field source mounting platform (12), and the fourth positioning nut (21) is positioned below the magnetic field source mounting platform (12), a magnetic field source (13) is placed on the magnetic field source mounting platform (12).
4. The multi-energy hybrid laser welding pool observation device according to claim 1, wherein one side of the magnetic field source (13) is provided with a protruding block, the other side of the magnetic field source (13) is provided with a third extrusion block (14), the third extrusion block (14) is arranged on the fifth navigation stud (16) and can move along the fifth navigation stud (16), and one side of the third extrusion block (14) is provided with a force application nut (15) capable of extruding the third extrusion block (14).
5. The observation device for the multi-energy hybrid laser welding pool according to claim 1, wherein the width of the magnetic field source mounting platform (12) is smaller than that of the base (23), an air inlet (28) and an air guide groove (29) are formed in the middle of the base (23), and the air inlet (28) is connected with the air guide groove (29).
6. The multi-energy composite laser welding pool observation device according to claim 1, wherein a second fixing member (2) is arranged on one side of the first fixing member (1), a first extrusion block (3) is arranged on one side of the workpiece (4), a second force application knob (25) is arranged at the end part of the second navigation stud (24), the second fixing member (2) is L-shaped and comprises a first flat plate and a second flat plate which are connected and vertically arranged, the first flat plate is attached to the first fixing member (1), and the second navigation stud (24) penetrates through the second flat plate to be in contact with the first extrusion block (3).
7. The multi-energy hybrid laser welding pool observation device according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece (4) and the transparent material (27) are the same in length, one end of the workpiece (4) and one end of the transparent material (27) are provided with the second extrusion block (5), one side of the first fixing member (1) is provided with a protruding part, one end of the workpiece (4) and one end of the transparent material (27) are in contact with the protruding part, the other end of the workpiece (4) and the other end of the transparent material (27) are in contact with the second extrusion block (5), one side of the second extrusion block (5) is provided with the first navigation stud (6), and the end part of the first navigation stud (6) is provided with the first force application knob (8).
8. The observation device of the multi-energy hybrid laser welding pool according to claim 1, wherein the third fixing member (7) is lower than the first fixing member (1), the workpiece (4) is lower than the transparent material (27), the workpiece (4) is flush with the upper surface of the transparent material (27), and the lower surface of the transparent material (27) is lower than the lower surface of the workpiece (4).
9. The observation device for the multi-energy hybrid laser welding pool according to claim 1, wherein a welding reserve gap (26) is arranged between the first fixing member (1) and the third fixing member (7).
10. An experimental method of the device according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) the magnetic field source (13) is clamped through a magnetic field source mounting platform (12), a third extrusion block (14), a force application nut (15) and a fifth navigation stud (16), and the magnetic induction intensity of a magnetic field is adjusted through adjusting the position of a positioning nut (17);
(2) introducing Ar gas serving as protective gas into the closed box body until the air in the box body is completely exhausted;
(3) placing a workpiece (4) on the first fixing piece (1), placing a transparent material (27) on the third fixing piece (7), and attaching the workpiece (4) and the transparent material (27);
(4) finely adjusting the positions of the workpiece (4) and the transparent material (27), enabling a laser beam guide light spot to be positioned on the workpiece (4) and tangent to a workpiece-transparent material interface, taking a tangent point as a zero point, and taking the direction in which the normal of the interface points to the side of the workpiece as a positive direction;
(5) by adjusting a laser beam positioning device, enabling a laser beam to move relative to a workpiece-transparent material interface, recording the diameter of the laser beam as r and the width of a welding seam as d, and determining the relative position L between the laser beam and the workpiece-transparent material interface after debugging for a limited time, wherein the reference value range of the moving distance of a laser beam guide light spot is [ -0.3r,0.75d ];
(6) placing a high-speed camera on one side of a transparent material (27), starting the high-speed camera (32), shooting from one side of the transparent material (27), and arranging a protective lens and an optical filter between the high-speed camera and a workpiece (4);
(7) and welding, and storing data after welding is finished.
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