CN114414121B - Force measuring structure of oversized vertical bearing device and calibration method - Google Patents
Force measuring structure of oversized vertical bearing device and calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a force measuring structure of an oversized vertical bearing device, which comprises a vertical bearing device, a plurality of force measuring sliding sheets and a plurality of pressure bearing sliding sheets, wherein the vertical bearing device comprises an upper half part and a lower half part, the upper surface of the lower half part is round, the round is uniformly divided into 4n fan-shaped areas about a circle center, n is a non-zero natural number, the fan-shaped areas are inlaid with the fan-shaped pressure bearing sliding sheets with the same size as the fan-shaped areas, the pressure bearing sliding sheets are arranged in the pressure bearing sliding sheets, the pressure bearing sliding sheets are symmetrical about the circle center of the round, the pressure bearing sliding sheets, the pressure measuring sliding sheets and the bottom surface of the upper half part form a rotary friction pair, and a force measuring element for detecting the vertical force condition of the vertical bearing device is arranged under the pressure measuring sliding sheets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge structure structures and buildings, and particularly relates to a force measuring structure of an oversized vertical bearing device and a calibration method.
Background
The bridge support is used as a main force transmission component of the upper structure and the lower structure of the bridge, and the change rule of the force and the strain parameters of the support can reflect the overall damage condition of the bridge to a great extent, so that the health monitoring of the bridge support is enhanced, and the bridge support has an important role in evaluating the overall safety of the bridge. With the importance of the industry on the running state and service life of the bridge, the requirements of the large bridge on the bridge support with the force measuring function are increasing. The current force measuring type support, especially the ball type support, has two main types of vertical bearing capacity measuring methods, namely an integral force measuring method, such as a vertical intelligent force measuring support (patent number is CN 102032959A); one is a local or component force measuring method, such as a vertical force measuring bridge support (patent number is CN 210507106U) and a self-height-adjusting multidirectional intelligent force measuring support (patent number is CN 102095539A).
The bridge swivel ball hinge is widely applied to bridge swivel construction as a vertical bearing device, the bridge swivel ball hinge is a key place for guaranteeing swivel construction safety and rotation precision, a swivel ball hinge vertical load state in the swivel process of implementing a swivel bridge is an important point for implementing swivel process attention, and the existing swivel ball hinge does not have a vertical load monitoring function, so that the force measuring type bridge swivel ball hinge becomes a new direction of research.
The bridge support with the vertical bearing capacity measuring function and the swivel spherical hinge are required to complete vertical force measurement calibration in a laboratory before practical application, a relation curve between the vertical bearing capacity and output data of the measuring element is determined and used as an algorithm, and the test load is generally required to be 1.2-1.5 times of the designed vertical bearing capacity of the tested device. The vertical bearing capacity of the bridge support can be more than ten thousand tons, the vertical bearing capacity of the bridge swivel ball joint reaches tens of thousands of tons, and the coefficient is multiplied by 1.5 times, and no matched ultra-large tonnage test machine provides vertical load to complete calibration, so how to calibrate the vertical bearing capacity measurement of an ultra-large vertical bearing device becomes a problem in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the utility model provides a super-large vertical bearing device force measuring structure and calibration method, through increasing the force measuring gleitbretter in super-large vertical bearing device bottom to change the original arrangement of inside pressure-bearing gleitbretter, realize can accomplish static vertical force measurement calibration on current tonnage testing machine.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an oversized vertical bearing device force measurement structure, includes vertical bearing device, a plurality of dynamometry gleitbretter and a plurality of pressure-bearing gleitbretter, vertical bearing device includes first half and lower half, the upper surface of lower half is circular, circular about the centre of a circle is evenly divided into 4n fan-shaped regions, and n is nonzero natural number, inlay on the fan-shaped region have with its fan-shaped pressure-bearing gleitbretter that the size is unanimous, be equipped with the dynamometry gleitbretter in the pressure-bearing gleitbretter, the dynamometry gleitbretter is symmetrical about circular centre of a circle, and the dynamometry gleitbretter constitutes the revolute pair with first half bottom surface, installs the dynamometry component that detects vertical bearing device's vertical atress size condition under the dynamometry gleitbretter.
Preferably, the upper half comprises an upper seat board, a middle seat board and a lower seat board which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a horizontal motion friction pair is arranged between the upper seat board and the middle seat board, a rotation friction pair is arranged between the middle seat board and the lower seat board, the lower seat board and the lower half do not have relative horizontal displacement, a plane stainless steel plate is arranged below the lower seat board, and the plane stainless steel plate is in contact with the pressure-bearing sliding sheet and the force-measuring sliding sheet.
Preferably, the top end of the lower seat board is provided with a circular arc concave surface, the middle seat board is a spherical crown body, and the bottom end of the spherical crown body is provided with a spherical convex surface which is matched and installed on the circular arc concave surface through the spherical convex surface.
Preferably, the horizontal movement friction pair comprises a plane displacement stainless steel slide plate and a plane slide plate which can slide relatively, the plane displacement stainless steel slide plate is fixed on the lower surface of the upper seat plate in a pasting mode, and the plane slide plate is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the middle seat plate.
Preferably, the rotary friction pair comprises a spherical stainless steel slide plate and a spherical slide plate which can slide relatively, the spherical stainless steel slide plate is fixed on the lower surface of the middle seat plate in a pasting mode, and the spherical slide plate is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the lower seat plate.
Preferably, the lower end face of the upper half part is a convex spherical surface, the middle part of the upper half part is provided with a sleeve, the upper end face of the lower half part is a concave spherical surface matched with the convex spherical surface of the upper half part, and the middle part of the lower half part is provided with a self-lubricating positioning pin shaft matched with the sleeve.
Preferably, the force measuring element is a force measuring sensor or an axial force meter.
A force measurement calibration method for an oversized vertical bearing device comprises the following steps:
Step one, assembling and checking: determining that the number of each of the pressure-bearing sliding sheets and the force-measuring sliding sheets is 1/(2 m) of the number of sector areas according to the loading capacity of the testing machine, wherein m is a non-zero natural number, the pressure-bearing sliding sheets and the force-measuring sliding sheets are symmetrically installed on the circle center of a circle, the whole vertical bearing device is assembled and placed on the testing machine, the center of the vertical bearing device is aligned with the center of the testing machine, the test load is (1.2P)/(2 m), P is the designed vertical bearing capacity of the vertical bearing device, and after the test load is loaded to 10% of the test load, the force-measuring element is checked for stress;
step two, prepressing: the testing machine is loaded with a force of P/(2 m) continuously and uniformly, and the test is repeated for 3 times;
Step three, formally loading: dividing the initial load of the test load into 7 stages, then loading the test load stage by stage, stabilizing the voltage of each stage for 2 minutes, recording the vertical load of the tester and the load of the force measuring element until the test load is loaded, stabilizing the voltage for 3 minutes, unloading the test load, and continuously carrying out the loading process for 3 times;
Step four, drawing: the load of the load cell takes the arithmetic average value of 3 readings of each stage, a load cell load-tester load curve is drawn, fitting calculation is carried out, and the relation between the tester load and the load cell load is determined;
Step five, reduction: the load of the force measuring element is multiplied by 2m, and the load is the vertical stress of the vertical bearing device.
Preferably, the initial load of the test load has a magnitude of (0.15P)/(2 m).
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The force measurement calibration does not need test loading equipment equivalent to the design vertical bearing capacity of the oversized vertical bearing device, and the limitation of the loading capacity of the testing machine is broken through. The circular symmetry of the force measuring layer sliding plate of the oversized vertical bearing device is divided into 4n sector areas, 1/(2 m) areas are symmetrically installed according to design load and loading capacity of a testing machine during calibration test, the vertical stress relation between the stress of the force measuring element and the whole test of the oversized vertical bearing device is determined through step-by-step vertical calibration, and the load of the force measuring element is multiplied by 2m, namely the vertical stress of the vertical bearing device.
2. The force measuring layer sliding plates are symmetrical in a sector shape, and the whole device participates in test calibration, so that the influence of different bearing capacities of different distances from the center of a circle on the uneven bearing among single sliding sheets is eliminated.
3. The normal use functions of the oversized vertical bearing device, namely the functions of vertical bearing, sliding in the sliding direction, limiting in the limiting direction and vertical rotation of the support are not affected; and the vertical bearing and horizontal rotation functions of the swivel ball hinge.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of A-A of the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of A-A of the structure of example 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a bottom basin, 2, pressure-bearing sliding sheets I,3, planar stainless steel plates, 4, a lower seat plate, 5, force-bearing sliding sheets I,6, an upper seat plate, 7, planar displacement stainless steel sliding plates, 8, planar sliding plates, 9, a middle seat plate, 10, spherical stainless steel sliding plates, 11, spherical sliding plates, 21, lower spherical hinges, 22, force-bearing sliding sheets II,23, pressure-bearing sliding sheets II,24, sleeves, 25, pin shafts, 26 and upper spherical hinges.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
A force measuring structure and a calibration method of an oversized vertical bearing device comprise a bridge support for measuring vertical load and a force measuring calibration method thereof, a swivel ball hinge for bridge swivel construction and a force measuring calibration method thereof.
Example 1
A force-measuring bridge bearing with a design vertical bearing capacity (expected vertical bearing capacity) of 50000kN is provided, as shown in figures 1 and 2. The force measuring bridge support is provided with an upper seat board 6, a middle seat board 9 and a lower seat board 4 from top to bottom. A horizontal motion friction pair is arranged between the upper seat plate 6 and the middle seat plate 9, a rotation friction pair is arranged between the middle seat plate 9 and the lower seat plate 4, a bottom basin 1 is arranged below the lower seat plate 4, and the lower seat plate 4 and the bottom basin 1 do not have relative horizontal displacement.
The upper surface of the bottom basin 1 is circular, the circular is evenly divided into 4n fan-shaped areas about the circle center, n is a non-zero natural number, the design load 50000kN of the force-measuring bridge support and the loading capacity 20000kN of the testing machine are considered, the circular is evenly divided into 8 fan-shaped areas about the circle center according to the requirement, fan-shaped pressure-bearing sliding sheets I2 consistent with the circular in size are inlaid on the fan-shaped areas, force-bearing sliding sheets I5 are arranged in the pressure-bearing sliding sheets I2, the force-bearing sliding sheets I5 are symmetrical about the circle center of the circular, and a force-measuring element for detecting the vertical stress condition of the force-measuring bridge support is arranged under the force-bearing sliding sheets I5, and the force-measuring element is specifically a force-measuring sensor.
The top of the lower seat board 4 is provided with a circular arc concave surface, the middle seat board 9 is a spherical crown body, and the bottom of the spherical crown body is provided with a spherical convex surface which is matched and installed on the circular arc concave surface through the spherical convex surface.
The horizontal motion friction pair comprises a plane displacement stainless steel sliding plate 7 and a plane sliding plate 8 which can slide relatively. The plane displacement stainless steel slide plate 7 is stuck and fixed on the lower surface of the upper seat plate 6, and the plane slide plate 8 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the middle seat plate 9.
The rotary friction pair comprises a spherical stainless steel slide plate 10 and a spherical slide plate 11 which can slide relatively, wherein the spherical stainless steel slide plate 10 is fixedly adhered to the lower surface of the middle seat plate 9, and the spherical slide plate 11 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the lower seat plate 4.
A plane stainless steel plate 3 contacted with the pressure-bearing sliding sheet I2 and the force-measuring sliding sheet I5 is arranged below the lower seat plate 4. The pressure-bearing sliding vane I2, the force-measuring sliding vane I5 and the plane stainless steel plate 3 form a rotary friction pair.
The vertical force calibration is carried out by using a testing machine with rated vertical load P of 20000kN, and the calibration method comprises the following steps:
Step one, assembling and checking: mounting a pressure-bearing sliding sheet I2 and a force-measuring sliding sheet I5 on the 1 and 5 (or 2 and 6, 3 and 7, 4 and 8) areas of the upper surface of the bottom basin 1 symmetrically, and after the whole assembly of the force-measuring bridge support is completed and the force-measuring bridge support is placed on a testing machine, aligning the center of the force-measuring bridge support with the center of the testing machine, wherein the test load is (1.2P)/(2 m) =15000 kN, P is the designed vertical bearing capacity of the force-measuring bridge support, and checking the stress of a force-measuring element after loading to 50 kN;
step two, prepressing: the tester is loaded with a force P/(2 m), namely 12500kN, at a continuous and uniform speed, and repeated 3 times;
Step three, formally loading: dividing the initial load 2200kN to 15000kN of the test load into 7 stages, then loading the stages step by step, stabilizing the voltage of each stage for 2 minutes, and recording the vertical load and the load of a force measuring element of the test machine until the test load is stabilized for 3 minutes, unloading the test load, and continuously carrying out the loading process for 3 times;
Step four, drawing: the load of the force sensor takes the arithmetic average value of 3 readings of each stage, draws a load curve of the force sensor and the load of the tester, performs fitting calculation, and determines the relation between the load of the tester and the load of the force measuring element;
Step five, reduction: the load of the force measuring element is multiplied by 4, namely the vertical stress of the force measuring bridge support.
The laboratory calibration of the load capacity 50000kN force measuring support does not need to be equivalent to the design load capacity of 70000kN test loading equipment, and the actual application of the test machine loading only needs to meet the requirement of more than 15000kN, thereby breaking through the limitation of the loading capacity of the test machine.
The bearing sliding sheets I2 and I5 symmetrically arranged on 1/4 circular surface during force measurement are used for participating in test calibration, so that the influence of uneven bearing among sliding plates and different bearing capacities from the center distance is eliminated.
Example 2
Giving out a force measuring swivel spherical hinge with a designed vertical bearing capacity (expected vertical bearing capacity) of 100000kN, as shown in figures 3 and 4. The force measuring swivel spherical hinge comprises a lower spherical hinge 21 and an upper spherical hinge 26, wherein the upper surface of the lower spherical hinge 21 is circular, the circular is uniformly divided into 4n sector areas about the circle center, and n is a non-zero natural number. The sector-shaped area is embedded with a sector-shaped pressure-bearing sliding sheet II23 which is consistent with the sector-shaped area in size, a force-bearing sliding sheet II22 is arranged in the pressure-bearing sliding sheet II23, the force-bearing sliding sheet II22 is symmetrical about a circular center, and the force-bearing sliding sheet II22, the pressure-bearing sliding sheet II23 and the bottom surface of the upper spherical hinge 26 form a rotary friction pair.
Considering the design load 100000kN of the force-measuring swivel spherical hinge and the loading capacity 20000kN of the testing machine, the circular inner bottom surface of the lower spherical hinge 21 is divided into 16 symmetrical sector areas according to the requirement, and the arrangement of the pressure-bearing sliding vane II23 and the force-measuring sliding vane II22 is shown in figure 4.A force measuring element for detecting the vertical stress condition of the ball hinge of the force measuring swivel is arranged under the axial direction of the force measuring sliding sheet II22, and the force measuring element is specifically an axial force meter.
The lower end face of the upper spherical hinge 26 is a convex spherical surface, a sleeve 24 is arranged in the middle of the upper spherical hinge 26, the upper end face of the lower spherical hinge 21 is a concave spherical surface matched with the convex spherical surface of the upper spherical hinge 26, and a self-lubricating positioning pin shaft 25 matched with the sleeve 24 is arranged in the middle of the lower spherical hinge 21.
The vertical force calibration is carried out by using a testing machine with rated vertical load of 20000kN, and the calibration method comprises the following steps:
Step one, assembling and checking: mounting pressure-bearing sliding sheets II23 and II22 on 1 and 9 areas (or 2 and 10 areas, 3 and 11 areas, 4 and 12 areas, 5 and 13 areas, 6 and 14 areas, 7 and 15 areas, 8 and 16 areas) symmetrical to the upper surface of the lower spherical hinge 21, completely assembling the spherical hinge of the force measuring swivel, placing the spherical hinge of the force measuring swivel on a testing machine, aligning the spherical hinge center of the force measuring swivel with the center position of the testing machine, wherein the test load is (1.2P)/(2 m) =15000 kN, P is the designed vertical bearing capacity of the spherical hinge of the force measuring swivel, and checking the stress of a force measuring element after loading to 50 kN;
step two, prepressing: the tester is loaded with a force P/(2 m), namely 12500kN, at a continuous and uniform speed, and repeated 3 times;
Step three, formally loading: dividing the initial load 2200kN to 15000kN of the test load into 7 stages, then loading the stages step by step, stabilizing the voltage of each stage for 2 minutes, and recording the vertical load and the load of a force measuring element of the test machine until the test load is stabilized for 3 minutes, unloading the test load, and continuously carrying out the loading process for 3 times;
Step four, drawing: the load of the force measuring element is obtained by taking an arithmetic average value of 3 readings of each stage, a load curve of the force measuring sensor and the load of the tester is drawn, fitting calculation is carried out, and the relation between the load of the tester and the load of the force measuring element is determined;
step five, reduction: the load of the force measuring element is multiplied by 8, namely the vertical stress of the spherical hinge of the force measuring swivel.
The test loading equipment with the bearing capacity of 100000kN and the test loading capacity of 120000kN, which is equivalent to the design bearing capacity, is not needed for the laboratory calibration of the spherical hinge of the force measuring swivel, and the actual application of the test machine loading can be realized only by meeting the requirement of more than 15000kN, thereby breaking through the limitation of the test machine loading capacity.
The force-measuring sliding sheets II22 and the pressure-bearing sliding sheets II23 which are symmetrically arranged on 1/8 circular surfaces during force measurement are involved in test calibration, so that the influence of uneven bearing among sliding sheets and different bearing capacities of distances from the center of a circle is eliminated.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A force measurement calibration method for an oversized vertical bearing device is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the adoption is ultra-large vertical bearing device force measurement structure carries out, and ultra-large vertical bearing device force measurement structure includes: the vertical bearing device comprises an upper half part and a lower half part, the upper surface of the lower half part is round, the round is uniformly divided into 4n fan-shaped areas about a circle center, n is a non-zero natural number, fan-shaped bearing sliding pieces with the same size are inlaid on the fan-shaped areas, the bearing sliding pieces are internally provided with the bearing sliding pieces, the bearing sliding pieces are symmetrical about the circle center, the bearing sliding pieces and the bottom surface of the upper half part form a rotary friction pair, and a bearing element for detecting the vertical stress condition of the vertical bearing device is arranged under the bearing sliding pieces;
The calibration method comprises the following steps:
Step one, assembling and checking: determining that the number of each of the pressure-bearing sliding sheets and the force-measuring sliding sheets is 1/(2 m) of the number of sector areas according to the loading capacity of the testing machine, wherein m is a non-zero natural number, the pressure-bearing sliding sheets and the force-measuring sliding sheets are symmetrically installed on the circle center of a circle, the whole vertical bearing device is assembled and placed on the testing machine, the center of the vertical bearing device is aligned with the center of the testing machine, the test load is (1.2P)/(2 m), P is the designed vertical bearing capacity of the vertical bearing device, and after the test load is loaded to 10% of the test load, the force-measuring element is checked for stress;
Step two, prepressing: the testing machine is loaded with a force of P/(2 m) continuously and uniformly, and the test is repeated for 3 times;
Step three, formally loading: dividing the initial load of the test load into 7 stages, then loading the test load stage by stage, stabilizing the voltage of each stage for 2 minutes, recording the vertical load of the tester and the load of the force measuring element until the test load is loaded, stabilizing the voltage for 3 minutes, unloading the test load, and continuously carrying out the loading process for 3 times;
Step four, drawing: the load of the load cell takes the arithmetic average value of 3 readings of each stage, a load cell load-tester load curve is drawn, fitting calculation is carried out, and the relation between the tester load and the load cell load is determined;
step five, reduction: the load of the force measuring element is multiplied by 2m, namely the vertical stress of the vertical bearing device;
The initial load of the test load was (0.15P)/(2 m).
2. The method for calibrating the force of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the upper half comprises an upper seat board (6), a middle seat board (9) and a lower seat board (4) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a horizontal motion friction pair is arranged between the upper seat board (6) and the middle seat board (9), a rotation friction pair is arranged between the middle seat board (9) and the lower seat board (4), the lower seat board (4) and the lower half are free from relative horizontal displacement, a plane stainless steel plate (3) is arranged below the lower seat board (4), and the plane stainless steel plate (3) is in contact with a pressure-bearing sliding sheet and a force-measuring sliding sheet.
3. The method for calibrating the force of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the top of lower bedplate (4) is provided with convex concave surface, well bedplate (9) are the spherical crown body, the bottom of the spherical crown body is provided with spherical convex surface, and through spherical convex surface cooperation install in on the convex concave surface.
4. The method for calibrating the force of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the horizontal movement friction pair comprises a plane displacement stainless steel sliding plate (7) and a plane sliding plate (8) which can slide relatively, the plane displacement stainless steel sliding plate (7) is stuck and fixed on the lower surface of the upper seat plate (6), and the plane sliding plate (8) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the middle seat plate (9).
5. A method for calibrating force of an oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 3, wherein: the rotary friction pair comprises a spherical stainless steel slide plate (10) and a spherical slide plate (11) which can slide relatively, the spherical stainless steel slide plate (10) is fixedly adhered to the lower surface of the middle seat plate (9), and the spherical slide plate (11) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the lower seat plate (4).
6. The method for calibrating the force of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the lower terminal surface of the upper half is the convex sphere, the middle part of the upper half is equipped with sleeve (24), the up end of the lower half be with the concave sphere of the convex sphere adaptation of the upper half, the middle part of the lower half install with self-lubricating locating pin axle (25) of sleeve (24) adaptation.
7. The method for calibrating the force of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the force measuring element is a force measuring sensor or an axial force meter.
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