CN114397199A - Method for testing torsion resistance of pile body - Google Patents
Method for testing torsion resistance of pile body Download PDFInfo
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- CN114397199A CN114397199A CN202210018697.XA CN202210018697A CN114397199A CN 114397199 A CN114397199 A CN 114397199A CN 202210018697 A CN202210018697 A CN 202210018697A CN 114397199 A CN114397199 A CN 114397199A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/26—Investigating twisting or coiling properties
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
- G01N2203/0208—Specific programs of loading, e.g. incremental loading or pre-loading
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the anti-torsion performance of a pile body, and belongs to the field of pile body detection. According to the method for testing the anti-torsion performance of the pile body, provided by the invention, a test platform can be flexibly set up according to field conditions, and the problem of torsion in-situ test equipment is solved; simulating the deformation characteristics of the pile body under actual specific working conditions through a loading test, and collecting various data in the test process; and finally, determining pile body design parameters through data processing. The invention effectively solves the design parameters required when the pile body bears the torsional force, can simply and effectively implement the anti-torsional test of the pile body, is suitable for the working condition that the pile end is a free end and the working condition that the pile end is a fixed end, and has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple equipment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pile body detection, and particularly relates to a method for testing the anti-torsion performance of a pile body.
Background
The pile foundation in-situ test aims to obtain pile design parameters, so that the pile design scheme is safe, applicable, economical and reasonable. The general pile body is often subjected to vertical pressure, uplift force and horizontal force, and the methods for the in-situ load test of the pile body are mature and are listed in JGJ106-2014 building foundation pile detection technical specification.
However, the pile foundations of some projects are subjected to torsional forces in addition to the three forces. For example, a pile foundation of a heliostat of a solar power plant is torsionally deformed by a wind load or other horizontal loads. In order to ensure the stability of the pile body and meet the normal use function of the engineering, the pile foundation needs to be subjected to torsion checking calculation, but no mature method for a torsion test can be provided for reference at present. Therefore, it is necessary to study the test method of the pile body torsion resistance test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for testing the anti-torsion performance of a pile body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a method for testing the torsion resistance of a pile body comprises the following steps:
step one, two beams or plates with the same structure and provided with retaining rings are used as loading equipment, the loading equipment is symmetrically fixed on two sides of a pile body by using the retaining rings, and a reference frame is fixed on the pile body;
the two sides of the pile body are respectively provided with a counterforce device, and the counterforce devices are arranged in central symmetry with respect to the pile body;
the jacks are arranged between the loading equipment and the counterforce device, the jacks on the two sides are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner by taking the pile body as the center, and the stress application directions of the jacks on the two sides are positioned on the same horizontal plane and are parallel to each other;
mounting a force sensor on the jack to measure torsional load;
mounting a displacement sensor on a reference frame integrally connected with the pile body to measure the deformation displacement of the reference frame;
step two, testing the torsional static load of the pile body and testing the torsional reciprocating load, which specifically comprises the following steps:
measuring torsional static load by adopting a slow-speed load maintaining method, exerting force on a jack on one side of the pile body, loading step by step, reading deformation displacement amount at preset time intervals after each step of loading, and loading the next stage of load after the deformation displacement amount is stable; repeating the process until the pile body is damaged or a loading limit value is reached, unloading the load to zero once, reading the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation, and reading the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation once again at intervals of a preset time period;
the method comprises the steps that a bidirectional loading and unloading mode is adopted for carrying out reciprocating application and measurement on a torsional load, deformation displacement is read once when the load is circulated, unloading is carried out to zero after the displacement is relatively stable or reaches the circulation times when a constant load preset time period is maintained, the deformation displacement corresponding to residual deformation is read, the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation is read again at intervals of a certain time, and thus a primary load loading circulation is completed; carrying out the loading circulation for a plurality of times according to the preset load grades to finish the test of one reciprocating load;
step three, calculating the anti-torsion performance parameters of the pile body based on the test data
Making a load-displacement curve according to the load and the deformation displacement, and determining a limit load according to the load-displacement curve and the requirements of the engineering on deformation;
and dividing the single-pile torsion limit bearing capacity by the corresponding safety coefficient to obtain a single-pile torsion bearing capacity characteristic value.
Further, the ultimate load in the third step is the previous stage load at the abrupt change position of the load-displacement curve; the abrupt change of the load-displacement curve is determined by using the change value of the slope.
Further, under the condition of the load slow-speed maintenance method of the ultimate load in the third step, the ultimate load is the load corresponding to the initial point of the abrupt change generated by the load-displacement curve, and the abrupt change position of the load-displacement curve is determined by using the change value of the slope.
And further, taking the previous stage load of the broken pile body as the limit load in the third step.
Furthermore, 1/10-1/15 of the estimated limit torsion bearing capacity is taken in the load classification in the step two.
Further, in the second step, if the load has reached the maximum loading value, the loading is terminated.
Further, the displacement sensor in the second step is replaced by a dial indicator.
Furthermore, the pile bodies for testing the torsional static load and the torsional reciprocating load of the pile body in the step two are more than 3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for testing the anti-torsion performance of the pile body, provided by the invention, a test platform can be flexibly set up according to field conditions, and the problem of torsion in-situ test equipment is solved; simulating the deformation characteristics of the pile body under actual specific working conditions through a loading test, and collecting various data in the test process; and finally, determining pile body design parameters through data processing. The invention effectively solves the design parameters required when the pile body bears the torsional force, can simply and effectively implement the anti-torsional test of the pile body, is suitable for the working condition that the pile end is a free end and the working condition that the pile end is a fixed end, and has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple equipment and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a pile body torsion test method;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the pile body torsion testing platform;
fig. 3 is a front view of the pile body torsion test platform.
Wherein: 1-pile body; 2-loading equipment; 3-a jack; 4-counterforce equipment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention, and a method for testing the anti-torsion performance of a pile body includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building test platform
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, which are respectively a top view and a front view of a pile body torsion test platform, two beams or plates with the same structure and provided with retaining rings are used as loading devices 2, the loading devices 2 are symmetrically fixed on two sides of a pile body 1 by using the retaining rings, and a reference frame is fixed on the pile body 1;
the counterforce devices 4 are arranged on two sides of the pile body 1 in a centrosymmetric manner, and the counterforce devices 4 can be flexibly selected according to conditions, such as anchor piles and the like; the jacks 3 are arranged between the loading equipment 2 and the counterforce device 4, the jacks 3 on the two sides are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner by taking the pile body 1 as a center, and the force application centers of the jacks 3 on the two sides are positioned on the same horizontal plane and are parallel to each other;
mounting a force sensor on the jack 3 to measure the torsional load;
a displacement sensor or a dial indicator is arranged on a reference frame which is connected with the pile body 1 into a whole, so as to measure the displacement of the reference frame and further calculate the rotary deformation of the pile body 1;
step two, testing the anti-torsion performance of the pile body
The test of the anti-torsion performance of the pile body comprises a test of torsion static load and a test of torsion reciprocating load, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the torsional static load is measured by adopting a slow-speed load maintaining method,
the jack 3 on one side of the pile body 1 applies force to load step by step, the deformation displacement is read at preset time intervals after each step of loading, and the next step of loading is carried out after the deformation displacement is stable; and repeating the process until the pile body is damaged or the loading limit value is reached, unloading the load to zero once, reading the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation, and reading the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation once again at intervals of a preset time period.
The bidirectional loading and unloading way is adopted to realize the reciprocating application and measurement of the torsional load, namely, the bidirectional reciprocating loading and unloading of single load are carried out
The displacement observation is that the load is measured and read once every cycle, and every time the constant load is maintained for a preset time period, the displacement is relatively stable or reaches the cycle number, the displacement is unloaded to zero, the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation is read, and the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation is measured and read once again at intervals of a certain time, so that the first-stage load loading cycle is completed; and carrying out the loading circulation for a plurality of times according to the preset load grades to finish the test of one reciprocating load.
And when the loads are graded, 1/10-1/15 of the estimated limit torsion bearing capacity is taken in the load grading. An end-of-load condition is determined based on the experimental deformation requirements, and loading may be terminated when one of the following conditions occurs. Under the action of constant load, the deformation displacement is increased rapidly; the maximum loading value is reached; and breaking off the pile body.
Step three: calculating pile body torsion resistance performance parameters based on test data
Making a load-displacement curve according to the load and the deformation displacement, and comprehensively determining the ultimate load according to the load-displacement curve and the requirements of the engineering on deformation; if the load-displacement curve is obviously changed suddenly, the previous stage load of which the load-displacement curve is obviously changed suddenly can be taken as the limit load; the load-displacement curve is obviously changed suddenly; and determining the obvious abrupt change position of the load-displacement curve according to the change value of the slope of the load-displacement curve.
If the load-displacement curve generates obvious abrupt change under the condition of the slow-speed load maintaining method, the load corresponding to the starting point of the obvious abrupt change of the load-displacement curve can be taken as the limit load.
Or taking the previous stage load of the broken pile body as the limit load.
When the judgment is difficult according to the method, the comprehensive judgment is combined with other auxiliary analysis methods; when the pile bodies participating in statistics are used for determining the single-pile torsion limit bearing capacity, relevant statistical requirements are met, for example, the number of the pile bodies is enough and is more than 3.
And dividing the single-pile torsion limit bearing capacity by the corresponding safety coefficient to obtain a single-pile torsion bearing capacity characteristic value.
The test is carried out based on the working condition that the pile end is the free end, and the test is also applicable to the torsion resistance test if the pile end is the fixed end, but the vertical load is loaded firstly, and the loading mode can refer to the conventional vertical load test procedure.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for testing the anti-torsion performance of a pile body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, two beams or plates with the same structure and provided with retaining rings are used as loading equipment (2), the loading equipment (2) is symmetrically fixed on two sides of a pile body (1) through the retaining rings, and a reference frame is fixed on the pile body (1);
the pile is characterized in that reaction devices (4) are respectively arranged on two sides of the pile body (1), and the reaction devices (4) are distributed in a centrosymmetric manner around the pile body (1);
the jacks (3) are arranged between the loading equipment (2) and the counterforce device (4), the jacks (3) on the two sides are arranged in a central symmetry manner by taking the pile body (1) as a center, and the force application directions of the jacks (3) on the two sides are positioned on the same horizontal plane and are parallel to each other;
mounting a force sensor on the jack (3) to measure torsional load;
mounting a displacement sensor on a reference frame connected with the pile body (1) into a whole to measure the deformation displacement of the reference frame;
step two, carrying out the test of the torsional static load and the test of the torsional reciprocating load of the pile body (1), specifically:
measuring torsional static load by adopting a slow-speed load maintaining method, exerting force on a jack (3) on one side of a pile body (1), loading step by step, reading deformation displacement amount at preset time intervals after each step of loading, and loading the next step of load after the deformation displacement amount is stable; repeating the process until the pile body (1) is damaged or reaches a loading limit value, unloading the load to zero at one time, reading the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation, and reading the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation at a preset time interval;
the method comprises the steps that a bidirectional loading and unloading mode is adopted for carrying out reciprocating application and measurement on a torsional load, deformation displacement is read once when the load is circulated, unloading is carried out to zero after the displacement is relatively stable or reaches the circulation times when a constant load preset time period is maintained, the deformation displacement corresponding to residual deformation is read, the deformation displacement corresponding to the residual deformation is read again at intervals of a certain time, and thus a primary load loading circulation is completed; carrying out the loading circulation for a plurality of times according to the preset load grades to finish the test of one reciprocating load;
thirdly, making a load-displacement curve according to the load and the deformation displacement, and determining a limit load according to the load-displacement curve and the requirements of the engineering on deformation;
and dividing the single-pile torsion limit bearing capacity by the corresponding safety coefficient to obtain a single-pile torsion bearing capacity characteristic value.
2. The method for testing the torsion resistance of the pile body according to claim 1, wherein the ultimate load in the third step is the previous stage load at the abrupt change of the load-displacement curve; the abrupt change of the load-displacement curve is determined by using the change value of the slope.
3. The method for testing the torsion resistance of the pile body according to claim 1, wherein the ultimate load in the third step is the load corresponding to the initial point of the abrupt change of the load-displacement curve under the condition of a slow maintenance load method, and the abrupt change of the load-displacement curve is determined by using the change value of the slope.
4. The method for testing the torsion resistance of the pile body according to claim 1, wherein the limit load in the third step is the previous stage load of the pile body breaking.
5. The method for testing the torsion resistance of the pile body according to claim 1, wherein the load grading in the second step is 1/10-1/15 of the estimated limit torsion bearing capacity.
6. The method for testing the anti-torsion performance of the pile body according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, if the load reaches the maximum loading value, the loading is stopped.
7. The method for testing the torsion resistance of the pile body according to claim 1, wherein the displacement sensor in the second step is replaced by a dial indicator.
8. The method for testing the anti-torsion performance of the pile body according to claim 1, wherein the number of the pile bodies (1) tested by the torsional static load and the torsional reciprocating load in the step two is more than 3.
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2022
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