CN114414121A - Force measuring structure and calibration method for oversized vertical bearing device - Google Patents
Force measuring structure and calibration method for oversized vertical bearing device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
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Abstract
The invention provides a force measuring structure of an oversized vertical bearing device, which comprises a vertical bearing device, a plurality of force measuring sliding sheets and a plurality of pressure bearing sliding sheets, the vertical bearing device comprises an upper half part and a lower half part, the upper surface of the lower half part is circular, the circle is evenly divided into 4n fan-shaped areas about the circle center, n is a non-zero natural number, fan-shaped pressure-bearing sliding sheets with the same size as the fan-shaped areas are inlaid on the fan-shaped areas, the pressure-bearing slide sheet is internally provided with a force-measuring slide sheet which is symmetrical about the circular center, the pressure-bearing slide sheet, the force-measuring slide sheet and the bottom surface of the upper half part form a rotating friction pair, and a force-measuring element for detecting the vertical stress condition of the vertical bearing device is arranged right below the force-measuring slide sheet. And the original arrangement mode of the internal pressure-bearing sliding pieces is changed, and the static vertical force measurement calibration can be completed on the existing tonnage testing machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge structure structures and buildings, and particularly relates to a force measuring structure of an oversized vertical bearing device and a calibration method.
Background
The bridge support is used as a main force transmission component for directly transmitting the upper structure and the lower structure of the bridge, and the change rule of the stress and strain parameters of the support can reflect the whole damage condition of the bridge to a great extent, so that the health monitoring of the bridge support is enhanced, and the bridge support plays an important role in evaluating the whole safety of the bridge. With the emphasis of the industry on the operation state and service life of bridges, the demand of large bridges on bridge supports with force measuring function is increasing. In the existing force-measuring type support, particularly a spherical support, the vertical bearing capacity measuring method mainly comprises two main types, namely an integral force measuring method, such as a vertical intelligent force-measuring support (with the patent number of CN 102032959A); one is a local or component force measuring method, such as a vertical force measuring bridge support (with the patent number of CN210507106U) and a self-height-adjusting multidirectional intelligent force measuring support (with the patent number of CN 102095539A).
The bridge swivel spherical hinge is widely applied to bridge swivel construction as a vertical bearing device, the bridge swivel spherical hinge is a key place for ensuring swivel construction safety and rotation precision, the swivel spherical hinge vertical load state in the swivel bridge swivel implementation process is a key point for implementing swivel process attention, and the existing swivel spherical hinge does not have a vertical load monitoring function, so that the force-measuring bridge swivel spherical hinge becomes a new direction for research.
According to the bridge support and the swivel spherical hinge with the vertical bearing capacity measuring function, before practical application, vertical force measurement calibration needs to be completed in a laboratory, a relation curve between vertical bearing capacity and output data of a measuring element is determined and used as an algorithm, and test load is generally required to be 1.2-1.5 times of the designed vertical bearing capacity of a device to be measured. The designed vertical bearing capacity of the existing bridge support can exceed ten thousand tons, the designed vertical bearing capacity of a spherical hinge of a bridge rotating body reaches more than ten thousand tons, and then the vertical bearing capacity is multiplied by a factor of 1.5 times, and a matched ultra-large tonnage testing machine does not provide vertical load to finish calibration, so that the problem of calibrating the vertical bearing capacity measurement of an ultra-large vertical bearing device becomes the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the force measuring structure and the calibration method of the ultra-large vertical bearing device are provided, and static vertical force measuring calibration can be completed on the existing tonnage testing machine by adding force measuring sliding sheets at the bottom of the ultra-large vertical bearing device and changing the original arrangement mode of the internal pressure-bearing sliding sheets.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a vertical load device dynamometry structure of super large, includes vertical load device, a plurality of dynamometry gleitbretter and a plurality of pressure-bearing gleitbretter, vertical load device includes first one and lower half, the upper surface of lower half is circular, circular 4n fan-shaped regions of being evenly divided into about the centre of a circle, n is the nonzero natural number, it has the fan-shaped pressure-bearing gleitbretter unanimous rather than the size to inlay on the fan-shaped region, be equipped with the dynamometry gleitbretter in the pressure-bearing gleitbretter, the dynamometry gleitbretter is about circular centre of a circle symmetry, and pressure-bearing gleitbretter and dynamometry gleitbretter constitute the rotational friction pair with first one bottom surface, install the dynamometry component that detects the vertical atress size condition of vertical load device under the dynamometry gleitbretter.
Preferably, first half includes from last upper seat board, well bedplate and the lower bedplate that sets gradually down, is equipped with the horizontal motion friction pair between the bedplate of telling and the well bedplate, be equipped with the rotational friction pair between well bedplate and the lower bedplate, no relative horizontal displacement of lower bedplate and lower half, lower bedplate below sets up plane corrosion resistant plate, plane corrosion resistant plate and pressure-bearing gleitbretter and the contact of dynamometry gleitbretter.
Preferably, the top end of the lower seat plate is provided with a circular arc concave surface, the middle seat plate is a spherical crown body, and the bottom end of the spherical crown body is provided with a spherical convex surface and is installed on the circular arc concave surface through the spherical convex surface in a matching manner.
Preferably, the horizontal movement friction pair comprises a plane displacement stainless steel sliding plate and a plane sliding plate which can slide relatively, the plane displacement stainless steel sliding plate is fixedly adhered to the lower surface of the upper seat plate, and the plane sliding plate is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the middle seat plate.
Preferably, the rotating friction pair comprises a spherical stainless steel sliding plate and a spherical sliding plate which can slide relatively, the spherical stainless steel sliding plate is stuck and fixed on the lower surface of the middle seat plate, and the spherical sliding plate is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the lower seat plate.
Preferably, the lower end surface of the upper half part is a convex spherical surface, the middle part of the upper half part is provided with a sleeve, the upper end surface of the lower half part is a concave spherical surface matched with the convex spherical surface of the upper half part, and the middle part of the lower half part is provided with a self-lubricating positioning pin shaft matched with the sleeve.
Preferably, the load cell is a load cell or an axial force meter.
A force measurement calibration method for an oversized vertical bearing device comprises the following steps:
step one, assembly and check: determining the number of the pressure-bearing sliding pieces and the force-measuring sliding pieces to be 1/(2m) of the number of the fan-shaped areas according to the loading capacity of a testing machine, wherein m is a non-zero natural number, the pressure-bearing sliding pieces and the force-measuring sliding pieces are symmetrically installed around the circle center of a circle, the vertical bearing device is integrally assembled and placed on the testing machine, the center of the vertical bearing device is aligned with the center of the testing machine, the test load is (1.2P)/(2m), P is the designed vertical bearing capacity of the vertical bearing device, and the force-measuring element is checked for stress after being loaded to 10% of the test load;
step two, prepressing: the tester is loaded at a continuous and uniform speed with a force of P/(2m), and the loading is repeated for 3 times;
step three, formal loading: dividing the initial load of the test load into 7 stages from the test load, then loading step by step, recording the vertical load of the testing machine and the load of the force measuring element after each stage of load is stabilized for 2 minutes until the load is loaded to the test load, unloading after the load is stabilized for 3 minutes, and continuously carrying out the loading process for 3 times;
step four, drawing: the load of the force measuring element is the arithmetic mean value of 3 readings at each stage, a load curve of the force measuring element and a load curve of the testing machine is drawn, fitting calculation is carried out, and the relation between the load of the testing machine and the load of the force measuring element is determined;
step five, reduction: the load of the force measuring element is multiplied by 2m, namely the vertical stress of the vertical bearing device.
Preferably, the magnitude of the initial load of the test load is (0.15P)/(2 m).
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the force measurement calibration does not need test loading equipment with the vertical bearing capacity equivalent to the designed vertical bearing capacity of the oversized vertical bearing device, and the limitation of the loading capacity of the testing machine is broken through. The method comprises the steps of dividing a force measuring layer sliding plate of the oversized vertical bearing device into 4n fan-shaped areas in a circular symmetry mode, symmetrically installing the areas with the number of 1/(2m) according to design load and loading capacity of a testing machine during calibration test, determining the vertical stress relation between force measuring element stress and the whole test of the oversized vertical bearing device through step-by-step vertical calibration, wherein the force measuring element load multiplied by 2m is the vertical stress of the vertical bearing device.
2. The sliding plates of the force measuring layer are symmetrical in a fan shape, and the whole device participates in test calibration, so that the influence of the influences of uneven bearing among single sliding plates and different bearing capacities at different distances from the circle center is eliminated.
3. The normal use functions of the oversized vertical bearing device, namely the vertical bearing, sliding in the sliding direction, limiting in the limiting direction and vertical rotating functions of the support are not influenced; the vertical bearing and horizontal rotation functions of the swivel spherical hinge.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view A-A of the structure of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view A-A of the structure of example 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a bottom basin, 2 pressure-bearing sliding sheets I and 3, a planar stainless steel plate, 4 a lower seat plate, 5 a force-measuring sliding sheet I and 6, an upper seat plate, 7 a planar displacement stainless steel sliding plate, 8 a planar sliding plate, 9a middle seat plate, 10 a spherical surface stainless steel sliding plate, 11 a spherical surface sliding plate, 21 a lower spherical hinge, 22 a force-measuring sliding sheet II and 23 a pressure-bearing sliding sheet II and 24, a sleeve, 25 a pin shaft, 26 and an upper spherical hinge.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
A force measuring structure and a calibration method of an oversized vertical bearing device comprise a bridge support used for measuring vertical load and a force measuring calibration method thereof, and a swivel spherical hinge used for bridge swivel construction and a force measuring calibration method thereof.
Example 1
A dynamometric bridge support with a designed vertical bearing capacity (expected vertical bearing capacity) of 50000kN is given, as shown in figures 1 and 2. The dynamometric bridge support comprises an upper seat plate 6, a middle seat plate 9 and a lower seat plate 4 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. A horizontal movement friction pair is arranged between the upper seat plate 6 and the middle seat plate 9, a rotation friction pair is arranged between the middle seat plate 9 and the lower seat plate 4, a bottom basin 1 is arranged below the lower seat plate 4, and the lower seat plate 4 and the bottom basin 1 do not have relative horizontal displacement.
The upper surface of the bottom basin 1 is circular, the circle is evenly divided into 4n fan-shaped areas about the circle center, n is a non-zero natural number, the design load 50000kN of the dynamometric bridge bearing and the loading capacity 20000kN of the testing machine are considered, the circle is evenly divided into 8 fan-shaped areas about the circle center as required, a fan-shaped pressure-bearing slide sheet I2 with the same size is embedded in each fan-shaped area, a dynamometric slide sheet I5 is arranged in the slide sheet I2, the dynamometric slide sheet I5 is symmetrical about the circle center of the circle, a dynamometric element for detecting the vertical stress condition of the dynamometric bridge bearing is installed under the slide sheet I5, and the dynamometric element is specifically a dynamometric sensor.
The top of lower bedplate 4 is provided with convex concave surface, well bedplate 9 is the spherical crown body, the bottom of spherical crown body is provided with spherical convex surface, and through spherical convex surface cooperation install in on the convex concave surface.
The horizontal motion friction pair comprises a plane displacement stainless steel sliding plate 7 and a plane sliding plate 8 which can slide relatively. The plane displacement stainless steel slide 7 is pasted and fixed on the lower surface of the upper seat plate 6, and the plane slide 8 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the middle seat plate 9.
The rotating friction pair comprises a spherical stainless steel sliding plate 10 and a spherical sliding plate 11 which can slide relatively, the spherical stainless steel sliding plate 10 is stuck and fixed on the lower surface of the middle seat plate 9, and the spherical sliding plate 11 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the lower seat plate 4.
And a plane stainless steel plate 3 which is in contact with the pressure-bearing slide sheet I2 and the force-measuring slide sheet I5 is arranged below the lower seat plate 4. The pressure-bearing slide sheet I2, the force-measuring slide sheet I5 and the plane stainless steel plate 3 form a rotary friction pair.
The method comprises the following steps of using a testing machine with the rated vertical loading P of 20000kN to calibrate the vertical force:
step one, assembly and check: installing a pressure-bearing slide sheet I2 and a force-measuring slide sheet I5 in regions 1 and 5 (or regions 2 and 6, regions 3 and 7, and regions 4 and 8) which are symmetrical on the upper surface of a bottom basin 1, integrally assembling a force-measuring bridge support, placing the force-measuring bridge support on a testing machine, aligning the center of the force-measuring bridge support with the center of the testing machine, setting the test load as (1.2P)/(2m) to 15000kN, setting P as the designed vertical bearing capacity of the force-measuring bridge support, and checking the stress of a force-measuring element after loading to 50 kN;
step two, prepressing: the tester is loaded with a force of P/(2m), namely 12500kN at a continuous and uniform speed, and repeated for 3 times;
step three, formal loading: dividing the initial load of the test load from 2200kN to 15000kN into 7 stages, then loading step by step, recording the vertical load of the testing machine and the load of the force measuring element after each stage of load is stabilized for 2 minutes, unloading after the test load is stabilized for 3 minutes, and continuously carrying out the loading process for 3 times;
step four, drawing: the load of the force cell is taken as the arithmetic mean value of 3 readings at each stage, a load curve of the force cell and a load curve of a testing machine are drawn, fitting calculation is carried out, and the relation between the load of the testing machine and the load of the force cell is determined;
step five, reduction: the load of the force measuring element is multiplied by 4, namely the vertical stress of the force measuring bridge support.
Laboratory calibration of the 50000kN bearing force dynamometer support does not need 70000kN test loading equipment which is equivalent to the designed bearing force, and the loading of a testing machine in practical application only needs to meet the requirement of more than 15000kN, so that the limitation of the loading capacity of the testing machine is broken through.
When in force measurement, the pressure-bearing sliding sheet I2 and the force-measuring sliding sheet I5 are symmetrically arranged on the 1/4 circular surface, and the whole force-measuring bridge support participates in test calibration, so that the influences of uneven bearing between sliding plates and different bearing forces at different distances from the circle center are eliminated.
Example 2
The force measuring swivel spherical hinge with the designed vertical bearing capacity (expected vertical bearing capacity) of 100000kN is given, as shown in figures 3 and 4. The force-measuring swivel spherical hinge comprises a lower spherical hinge 21 and an upper spherical hinge 26, wherein the upper surface of the lower spherical hinge 21 is circular, the circle is uniformly divided into 4n fan-shaped areas about the center of a circle, and n is a non-zero natural number. A fan-shaped pressure-bearing slide sheet II23 with the same size as the fan-shaped area is inlaid on the fan-shaped area, a force-measuring slide sheet II22 is arranged in the pressure-bearing slide sheet II23, the force-measuring slide sheet II22 is symmetrical about the circular center of circle, and a rotary friction pair is formed by the force-measuring slide sheet II22, the pressure-bearing slide sheet II23 and the bottom surface of the upper spherical hinge 26.
Considering the design load 100000kN of the force-measuring swivel spherical hinge and the loading capacity 20000kN of the testing machine, the circular inner bottom surface of the lower spherical hinge 21 is divided into 16 symmetrical fan-shaped areas according to the requirement, and the pressure-bearing slide sheet II23 and the force-measuring slide sheet II22 are arranged and shown in figure 4. And a force measuring element for detecting the vertical stress condition of the spherical hinge of the force measuring rotating body is arranged right below the axial direction of the force measuring slide sheet II22, and the force measuring element is specifically an axial force meter.
The lower end face of the upper spherical hinge 26 is a convex spherical surface, the middle of the upper spherical hinge 26 is provided with a sleeve 24, the upper end face of the lower spherical hinge 21 is a concave spherical surface matched with the convex spherical surface of the upper spherical hinge 26, and the middle of the lower spherical hinge 21 is provided with a self-lubricating positioning pin shaft 25 matched with the sleeve 24.
The method comprises the following steps of using a testing machine with the rated vertical loading of 20000kN to calibrate the vertical force:
step one, assembly and check: installing a pressure-bearing slide sheet II23 and a force-measuring slide sheet II22 in areas 1 and 9 (or areas 2 and 10, areas 3 and 11, areas 4 and 12, areas 5 and 13, areas 6 and 14, areas 7 and 15, and areas 8 and 16) which are symmetrical on the upper surface of a lower spherical hinge 21, integrally assembling the force-measuring swivel spherical hinge, aligning the center of the force-measuring swivel spherical hinge with the center of a testing machine, setting the test load as (1.2P)/(2m) to 15000kN, setting P as the designed vertical bearing capacity of the force-measuring swivel spherical hinge, and checking the stress of a force-measuring element after loading to 50 kN;
step two, prepressing: the tester is loaded with a force of P/(2m), namely 12500kN at a continuous and uniform speed, and repeated for 3 times;
step three, formal loading: dividing the initial load of the test load from 2200kN to 15000kN into 7 stages, then loading step by step, recording the vertical load of the testing machine and the load of the force measuring element after each stage of load is stabilized for 2 minutes, unloading after the test load is stabilized for 3 minutes, and continuously carrying out the loading process for 3 times;
step four, drawing: the load of the force measuring element is the arithmetic mean value of 3 readings at each stage, a load curve of the force measuring sensor and the load of the testing machine is drawn, fitting calculation is carried out, and the relation between the load of the testing machine and the load of the force measuring element is determined;
step five, reduction: the load of the force measuring element is multiplied by 8, namely the vertical stress of the spherical hinge of the force measuring rotating body.
The laboratory calibration of the 100000kN force-measuring swivel spherical hinge does not need test loading equipment with the bearing capacity of 120000kN equivalent to the designed bearing capacity, and the loading of the practical application testing machine only needs to meet the requirement of being more than 15000kN, so that the limitation of the loading capacity of the testing machine is broken through.
When in force measurement, the force measurement sliding vane II22 and the pressure bearing sliding vane II23 are symmetrically arranged on the 1/8 circular surface, and the whole force measurement rotating body spherical hinge participates in test calibration, so that the influences of uneven bearing among the sliding vanes and different bearing forces at different distances from the circle center are eliminated.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a vertical load device dynamometry structure of super large which characterized in that: including vertical load device, a plurality of dynamometry gleitbretter and a plurality of pressure-bearing gleitbretter, vertical load device includes first one and lower half, the upper surface of lower half is circular, circular being evenly divided into 4n fan-shaped regions about the centre of a circle, n is the nonzero natural number, it has the fan-shaped pressure-bearing gleitbretter unanimous rather than the size to inlay on the fan-shaped region, be equipped with the dynamometry gleitbretter in the pressure-bearing gleitbretter, the dynamometry gleitbretter is symmetrical about the circular centre of a circle, and rotation friction pair is constituteed with first one bottom surface to pressure-bearing gleitbretter and dynamometry gleitbretter, installs the dynamometry component that detects vertical load device's the vertical atress size condition under the dynamometry gleitbretter.
2. The force-measuring structure of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: first half includes from last upper seat board (6), well bedplate (9) and lower bedplate (4) that set gradually extremely down, and it is vice to be equipped with the horizontal motion friction between bedplate (6) and well bedplate (9) to complain, well bedplate (9) and be equipped with the rotational friction between bedplate (4) down are vice, bedplate (4) do not have relative horizontal displacement down with the lower half, and bedplate (4) below sets up plane corrosion resistant plate (3) down, and plane corrosion resistant plate (3) and pressure-bearing gleitbretter and the contact of dynamometry gleitbretter.
3. The force-measuring structure of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the top end of the lower seat plate (4) is provided with a circular arc concave surface, the middle seat plate (9) is a spherical crown body, and the bottom end of the spherical crown body is provided with a spherical convex surface and is installed on the circular arc concave surface through the spherical convex surface in a matching mode.
4. The force-measuring structure of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the horizontal movement friction pair comprises a plane displacement stainless steel sliding plate (7) and a plane sliding plate (8) which can slide relatively, the plane displacement stainless steel sliding plate (7) is pasted and fixed on the lower surface of the upper seat plate (6), and the plane sliding plate (8) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the middle seat plate (9).
5. The force-measuring structure of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rotating friction pair comprises a spherical stainless steel sliding plate (10) and a spherical sliding plate (11) which can slide relatively, the spherical stainless steel sliding plate (10) is fixedly adhered to the lower surface of the middle seat plate (9), and the spherical sliding plate (11) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the lower seat plate (4).
6. The force-measuring structure of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower end face of the upper half part is a convex spherical surface, the middle of the upper half part is provided with a sleeve (24), the upper end face of the lower half part is a concave spherical surface matched with the convex spherical surface of the upper half part, and the middle of the lower half part is provided with a self-lubricating positioning pin shaft (25) matched with the sleeve (24).
7. The force-measuring structure of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the force measuring element is a force measuring sensor or an axial force meter.
8. The method for calibrating the force measurement of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, assembly and check: determining the number of the pressure-bearing sliding pieces and the force-measuring sliding pieces to be 1/(2m) of the number of the fan-shaped areas according to the loading capacity of a testing machine, wherein m is a non-zero natural number, the pressure-bearing sliding pieces and the force-measuring sliding pieces are symmetrically installed around the circle center of a circle, the vertical bearing device is integrally assembled and placed on the testing machine, the center of the vertical bearing device is aligned with the center of the testing machine, the test load is (1.2P)/(2m), P is the designed vertical bearing capacity of the vertical bearing device, and the force-measuring element is checked for stress after being loaded to 10% of the test load;
step two, prepressing: the tester is loaded at a continuous and uniform speed with a force of P/(2m), and the loading is repeated for 3 times;
step three, formal loading: dividing the initial load of the test load into 7 stages from the test load, then loading step by step, recording the vertical load of the testing machine and the load of the force measuring element after each stage of load is stabilized for 2 minutes until the load is loaded to the test load, unloading after the load is stabilized for 3 minutes, and continuously carrying out the loading process for 3 times;
step four, drawing: the load of the force measuring element is the arithmetic mean value of 3 readings at each stage, a load curve of the force measuring element and a load curve of the testing machine is drawn, fitting calculation is carried out, and the relation between the load of the testing machine and the load of the force measuring element is determined;
step five, reduction: the load of the force measuring element is multiplied by 2m, namely the vertical stress of the vertical bearing device.
9. The method for calibrating the force measurement of the oversized vertical bearing device according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the initial load of the test load was (0.15P)/(2 m).
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| CN114993536A (en) * | 2022-07-09 | 2022-09-02 | 西安华盾工程科技有限公司 | Force measuring method |
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