CN114413699B - Self-expansion tablet for blast hole blockage and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents
Self-expansion tablet for blast hole blockage and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114413699B CN114413699B CN202210071086.1A CN202210071086A CN114413699B CN 114413699 B CN114413699 B CN 114413699B CN 202210071086 A CN202210071086 A CN 202210071086A CN 114413699 B CN114413699 B CN 114413699B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/18—Plugs for boreholes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/28—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- C04B26/285—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-expanding tablet for blast hole blockage and a preparation method and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of blasting engineering. The self-expanding tablet is prepared by adding wetting agent, adhesive, water absorbent and activator into self-expanding agent, mixing, extruding, granulating, oven drying, sieving, and tabletting. The whole process can be completed by the existing mechanical equipment, manual operation can be replaced, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced. The effect of plugging the blast hole is achieved through water absorption and expansion of the plugging material, and the material greatly simplifies the complexity of construction and is more easily accepted on site while having larger expansion pressure. Meanwhile, the reaction speed and the reaction degree of the self-expanding agent are controlled by adding the auxiliary material into the self-expanding agent, so that the self-expanding agent can not crack rocks while providing expansion pressure, and the storage time of the self-expanding agent can be effectively prolonged; in addition, the addition of partial auxiliary materials can improve the viscosity of the expanding agent and reduce the dust raising amount in the preparation process.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of blasting engineering, and particularly relates to a preparation method and a preparation and use method of a blast hole plugging material.
Background art:
in the process of surface mining and underground mining blasting, blast hole plugging is an essential process. Research shows that effective blast hole filling can improve 20-30% of rock breaking amount, improve explosive energy utilization rate and reduce noise and pollution of toxic and harmful gases. However, most of the materials are filled with rock powder or coarse aggregate in the open air at present, and most of the materials are filled with stemming underground, so that the defects of poor filling effect, low labor productivity of workers, high labor intensity and the like exist.
The prior art provides a blast hole blocking method, which comprises the following steps of putting a water absorbent into a customized expansion bag in advance, then putting the expansion bag and rock powder into a blast hole after blocking the blast hole by using an air bag, finally injecting water into the blast hole, and enabling the expansion bag to absorb water and expand, thereby finally achieving the purpose of blocking the blast hole. Due to the effect of the expansion force, the filling effect is better than that of the traditional rock powder or coarse aggregate filling, but the following two problems are still not solved. Firstly, the strength after water absorption expansion is extremely low due to the high molecular water-absorbing resin selected by the water absorbent. High quality blasthole stemming requires a stemming material having high strength and good shear resistance, otherwise being easily sheared or blown by high-speed explosive gases. This material clearly does not meet the above requirements. Secondly, the construction process is complex, the position of the expansion bag is difficult to grasp, and the filling quality is influenced.
The prior art provides a method for grouting a buffer air bag, which has the construction process that the air bag is placed at a certain position above an explosive, and grouting is carried out above the air bag, so that the purpose of sealing a blast hole is achieved. The method greatly improves the strength of the filling body and is obviously superior to the method. However, in the field construction process, a grouting process and grouting equipment are required to be added, so that the complexity of the filling process is greatly increased, the filling cost is too high, the working hours are prolonged, and the filling process cannot be popularized on the field.
In order to solve the problems, the prior art discloses a device for plugging a blast hole by using an expansion cartridge, which is convenient to use, high in plugging strength and good in plugging performance. However, when preparing the expandable medicated roll with a certain density, the process is complex, time and labor are consumed, a large amount of dust is generated, and the health of workers is seriously harmed. In addition, when the expansion cartridge reacts in a constrained state (such as in a blasting hole), the reaction speed is uncontrollable, so that the phenomenon of spraying holes is easy to occur, and a large amount of water vapor mixed with the expanding agent is sprayed out of the hole, so that the expansion pressure is reduced, and the expansion effect is further influenced.
Aiming at the problems, the preparation method of the blast hole filling material and the blast hole filling method in the prior art have relatively good filling effect, but the finished product is difficult to store due to strong hydrophilicity of the raw materials; and the density of the packing body can be ensured only by manually screwing the packing body outer package during construction, so that the construction quality of filling the blast hole cannot be ensured during field operation.
In summary, the invention provides a preparation method and a use method of a fixed-density blast hole plugging material, aiming at the problems, and the effect of plugging the blast hole is achieved by water absorption and expansion of the plugging material. The material greatly simplifies the construction complexity while having larger expansion pressure, and is more easily accepted by the site. Meanwhile, the reaction speed and the effective time of the self-expanding agent are controlled by adding the auxiliary materials into the self-expanding agent, so that the self-expanding agent can provide strong expansion pressure in a limited time and cannot spray holes, the safety of products is improved, and the storage time of the self-expanding agent can be effectively prolonged. In addition, the addition of partial auxiliary materials can improve the viscosity of the expanding agent and reduce the dust raising amount in the preparation process.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a self-expansion tablet for blocking blast holes and a preparation and use method thereof. Meanwhile, the reaction speed and the reaction degree of the self-expanding agent are controlled by adding the auxiliary material into the self-expanding agent, so that the self-expanding agent can not crack rocks while providing expansion pressure, and the storage time of the self-expanding agent can be effectively prolonged; in addition, the addition of partial auxiliary materials can improve the viscosity of the expanding agent and reduce the dust raising amount in the preparation process.
The filling material is prepared by taking a self-expanding agent as a base, adding a wetting agent, an adhesive, a water absorbent and an excitant, uniformly mixing, then extruding, granulating, drying, sieving and pressing into tablets. The whole process can be completed by the existing mechanical equipment, manual operation can be replaced, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a self-expanding tablet for blocking blast holes comprises, by mass, 70-80% of a self-expanding agent, 3-5% of an adhesive, 6-12% of an activator, 8-12% of a wetting agent and 3-9% of a water absorbent.
The water absorbent is high polymer water absorbent resin (SAP).
The self-expanding agent is a static crushing agent and comprises 70-75% of CaO and CaSO by mass 4 5-10%, 5-10% of citric acid and 5-10% of bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite, wherein one of the bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite, or a mixture of the bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite and any two of the bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite is adopted, and the mixing ratio is any ratio.
The adhesive is povidone (model number is PVPK30 or PVPK 90), copovidone (PVP \ VA 64) or hydroxypropyl cellulose (H-HPC) or other organic or inorganic substances which can be mixed with wetting agent to generate viscosity.
The exciting agent comprises 30% of aluminum powder, 30% of calcium oxide, 15% of activated carbon, 10% of sodium chloride, 5% of iron powder, 5% of sodium carbonate and 5% of sodium aluminate; all the components are in the form of fine powder, and the granularity is 50-200 meshes.
The wetting agent is absolute ethyl alcohol or other organic solvents capable of generating viscosity with the adhesive.
The preparation method of the self-expanding tablet for blast hole blockage comprises the following steps:
(1) According to weight percentage, the components are taken from 70 to 80 percent of expanding agent, 3 to 5 percent of adhesive, 6 to 12 percent of excitant, 8 to 12 percent of wetting agent and 3 to 9 percent of water absorbent for standby;
(2) Uniformly mixing the self-expanding material, the adhesive and the excitant to obtain a dry mixed material;
(3) Fully stirring the dry mixed material and the wetting agent to obtain a wet material, and sieving to obtain wet granules with uniform particle size;
(4) After the wet particles are dried, uniformly stirring the wet particles and a water absorbent to obtain a self-expanding tablet raw material;
(5) And (3) performing compression molding on the self-expanding tablet raw material to prepare the self-expanding tablet for blocking the blast hole.
In the step (2), the mixing amount of the exciting agent is determined according to the required reaction time, and the longer the required reaction time is, the lower the mixing amount of the exciting agent is, and vice versa.
In the step (3), the wetting material is in a state of being held, agglomerated and kneaded to be dispersed.
In the step (3), the wet material is extruded through a screen mesh of 25-50 meshes with a force of 10 kN.
In the step (4), the drying operation is carried out in a constant temperature oven, the drying temperature is 76-80 ℃, the drying time is 5-10min, and the raw materials have better fluidity.
In the step (4), the mixing amount of the water-absorbing agent is determined according to the required water-cement ratio, and the higher the required water-cement ratio is, the higher the mixing amount of the water-absorbing agent is.
In the step (5), the tabletting mold comprises a square mold, a round mold, a ring mold and other special-shaped molds, the larger the specification of the mold is, the higher the pressure required for preparing tablets with a certain density is, or the higher the pressure is, the higher the density of the tablets with the same specification is, generally, the higher the density is not less than 1.5g/cm 3 。
And (5) putting the self-expanding tablet raw material into a tabletting mold, pressing and molding the self-expanding tablet raw material at the filler height of 4-6 cm under the pressure of 100-180 kN, and demolding the self-expanding tablet raw material after the pressing and molding to obtain the self-expanding tablet for blocking the blast hole.
In the step (5), the self-expansion tablet for blocking the blast hole is a circular tablet, the diameter of the self-expansion tablet is 40-160mm, the thickness of the self-expansion tablet is 2-3cm, the diameter of the self-expansion tablet is slightly smaller than that of the blast hole so as to ensure that the self-expansion tablet is smoothly placed in the blast hole, when the open bench blasting is performed, the diameter of the self-expansion tablet is (2-5) mm, and when the underground mine tunneling blasting is performed, the diameter of the self-expansion tablet is (1-3) mm.
In the step (5), the density of the self-expanding tablet is 1.90-2.10g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 29-35%, and the water absorption rate of the tablet reaches 25-35% in 8-15min under the density through testing.
The use method of the self-expanding tablet for blast hole blockage comprises the following steps:
in the blast hole blocking engineering, explosive is arranged in a blast hole, a self-expansion tablet 3 after water absorption is filled, an excitant in the self-expansion tablet starts to excite reaction, the temperature of the system reaches a first peak value of 70-75 ℃ after the reaction is carried out for 5-20min, the temperature of the system reaches a second peak value of 85-100 ℃ after the reaction is continuously carried out for 20-40min, and the ambient temperature is-10-25 ℃. And (5) after the reaction is carried out for 25-60min in total, completing blast hole blocking to obtain a blocked block, and then carrying out normal blasting operation.
The use method of the self-expanding tablet for blast hole blockage comprises the following steps:
the blast hole is divided into a horizontal hole, a vertical hole and an inclined hole according to different inclination angles. Wherein, when the blast hole is a vertical hole, the top end of the explosive 1 needs to be filled with rock powder 2, the filling height is 0.8-1.5m, and when the blast hole is an inclined hole or a horizontal hole, the rock powder does not need to be filled.
In the use method of the self-expanding tablet for blast hole blockage, the first peak is caused by activator reaction, the second peak is caused by expanding agent reaction, and the first peak is lower than the second peak due to the fact that the content of the activator is lower than that of the expanding agent.
The use method of the self-expanding tablet for blast hole blockage comprises the following steps:
when the ambient temperature is 15-25 ℃, the reaction time is 25-40min, wherein the excitant reacts for 5-10min to a first peak value, and continuously reacts for 20-30min to a second peak value, and the temperature peak value is not changed.
When the ambient temperature is-10-15 ℃, the reaction time is 40-60min, wherein the exciting agent reacts for 10-20min to a first peak value, the reaction continues for 30-40min to a second peak value, and the temperature peak value is unchanged.
In the using method, the self-expanding tablet absorbs water for 8-15min and then is paved; when the blasting is carried out on an open pit mine, the laying thickness of the self-expanding tablets is 10-30cm, and when the blasting is carried out on an underground mine, the laying thickness of the self-expanding tablets is 10-20cm.
In the use method, kraft paper, non-woven fabric or other low-strength or malleable material outer packages are used for coating when the tablets absorb water so as to ensure that the tablets cannot be disintegrated in the water absorption process.
In the using method, the self-expansion pressure of the blocking block is 30-40MPa.
In the using method, when the open bench blasting is carried out, the block ratio is reduced by 11.2-14.1%, and when the underground mine is tunneled and blasted, the blasting footage is increased by 12.7-15.1%.
In the using method, when the open bench is blasted, the height of the bench is 15m, the diameter of a blast hole is 90mm, and the charging height is 8m; when the underground mine is tunneled and blasted, the length of a blast hole is 3m, and the diameter of the hole is 42mm.
The principle of controlling the reaction speed by the self-expanding tablet for blast hole blockage is as follows:
at normal temperature, when the formed expansion tablet is immersed in water, the adding amount of a wetting agent and a binding agent in the tablet can delay the reaction starting time for about 20min, high-purity calcium oxide in an excitant can quickly react and release heat when meeting water, meanwhile, the generated alkaline environment can quickly corrode aluminum powder to enable the aluminum powder to react and release a large amount of heat, unreacted iron powder and carbon powder generate a galvanic reaction in an unpurified water solution, iron is used as a negative electrode, carbon is used as a positive electrode, and the heat can be reserved for a long time, so that the reaction can be controlled to start and quickly proceed in about 20min, and the reaction equation is as follows:
2CaO+H 2 O→2Ca(OH) 2
2NaOH+Al 2 O 3 →2NaAlO 2 +H 2 O
2Al+6H 2 O→2Al(OH) 3 +3H 2 ↑
negative electrode: fe-2e - ＝Fe 2+
And (3) positive electrode: o is 2 +4e-+2H 2 O＝4OH -
And (3) total reaction: 2Fe+O 2 +2H 2 O＝2Fe(OH) 2
4Fe(OH) 2 +O 2 +2H 2 O＝4Fe(OH) 3
Because the addition amount of the exciting agent is low, the temperature rise generated by the reaction can only be used for increasing the environmental temperature generated by the reaction of the self-expanding agent, and the influence on the explosive is not enough.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The traditional blast hole plugging material achieves the purpose of plugging through self gravity, and the bonding force is very weak, so that the blasting phenomenon is easy to occur in the blasting process. Tests prove that the unit length filling capacity of the expansion filling material is more than one hundred times of that of rock powder filling, and the phenomenon of blasting can be avoided while the labor intensity of filling work is reduced.
(2) The self-expanding agent powder is easy to spray holes when reacting quickly. The self-expanding agent powder is prepared into tablets by adding auxiliary materials, and the reaction speed is regulated and controlled by adding the excitant, so that the aim of effectively preventing the occurrence of the orifice spraying phenomenon while ensuring the reaction speed is fulfilled finally.
(3) Compared with self-expanding powder, the self-expanding tablet has the advantages of simple use and convenient storage, but the self-expanding powder is difficult to prepare into tablets for use due to low specific gravity and poor viscosity. The types and the usage amount of the auxiliary materials provided by the invention can effectively prepare the self-expanding powder into tablets, and the self-expanding tablets are used in the field of blasting and filling, so that a good effect can be obtained. And the process flow related to the preparation of the tablets can be completely completed by depending on the existing mechanical equipment on the market, so that the labor productivity is greatly improved, and the industrial production can be realized.
(4) The water-cement ratio is the key to influence the output expansion pressure of the self-expanding agent, and the method for directly mixing the self-expanding agent into slurry cannot be directly applied to water pores. The invention controls the water-cement ratio by controlling the density of the tablet and the adding amount of the water absorbent, so that the self-expanding tablet can be directly applied to the water-containing hole, the defect that the self-expanding agent powder cannot be directly applied to the water-containing hole is overcome, and the application range of the self-expanding agent is expanded.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the state of the use of a self-expandable tablet for plugging a blast hole, which is prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein:
1-explosive, 2-rock powder and 3-self-expanding tablet.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The self-expanding agent adopted in the following examples is a static crushing agent, and comprises components with the mass percentage of 70 percent of CaO and 70 percent of CaSO 4 10 percent of citric acid and 10 percent of bentonite.
The exciting agent comprises 30 percent of aluminum powder, 30 percent of calcium oxide, 15 percent of activated carbon, 10 percent of sodium chloride, 5 percent of iron powder, 5 percent of sodium carbonate and 5 percent of sodium aluminate; all the components are in the form of fine powder, and the granularity is 50-200 meshes.
Examples 1 to 4 are open bench blasting, with a bench height of 15m, a blasthole diameter of 90mm, and a charging height of 8m; examples 5 to 8 are tunneling blasting of underground mine with a blast hole length of 3m and a hole diameter of 42mm. The schematic diagram of the using process state of the prepared self-expansion tablet for blocking the blast holes is shown in figure 1, and the blast holes are all vertical holes and sequentially comprise an explosive 1, rock powder 2 and a self-expansion tablet 3 from bottom to top.
Example 1:
taken from the swelling agent: 75%, hydroxypropyl cellulose (H-HPC): 3% of an activator: 6%, uniformly mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol: 10 percent, fully stirring, extruding and screening by a 40-mesh screen, sending into a thermostat with preset temperature of 76 ℃, taking out after 5min, mixing with a macromolecular water-absorbing resin (SAP): stirring 6% of the above materials, placing into a tabletting mold with diameter of 80mm, filling height of 6cm, press-molding under 150kN pressure, demolding to obtain self-expanding tablet with thickness of 3cm, diameter of 88mm, and density of 1.98g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 32%.
Detection shows that when the ambient temperature is 5 ℃, the exciting agent reaches a first peak value of 75 ℃ within 20min, and after the reaction is continued for 40min, the large peak value reaches 85 ℃; when the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the exciting agent reaches a second peak value of 80 ℃ in 7.5min, and after the reaction is continued for 25min, the large peak value of 90 ℃ is reached.
A bench blasting filling test is carried out in a certain open mine, the height of a bench is 15m, the diameter of a blast hole is 90mm, the charging height is 8m, the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, and a digital electronic detonator is detonated. After the charging connection line work is finished, rock powder with the height of 1m is filled in a blast hole, 4 self-expansion tablets with the thickness of 3cm are soaked in water with the temperature of 20 ℃, the self-expansion tablets are taken out and put into the hole after 10min, the blast hole blocking is finished after waiting for 32.5min, a blocking block is obtained and is detonated, a high-speed camera is used for recording the blasting process, the phenomenon of punching is not found, the block rate is reduced by 11.3%, the self-expansion pressure of the blocking block is 44.3MPa, the blasting block degree is uniform, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
D1-1, comparative example 1-1
Similar to example 1, except that the exciting agent was replaced with single calcium oxide having the same exciting action, a hole-plugging sheet having a density of 1.97g/cm was produced 3 Detecting that the water-cement ratio is 34%, and when the environmental temperature is 5 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 75 ℃ within 20min, and after continuing to react for 70min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 85 ℃; when the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 80 ℃ in 30min, and after the reaction is continued for 50min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 90 ℃.
. The comparison shows that the adjusting effect is obviously poor, and the time for reaching the first peak value and the time for reaching the second peak value are obviously prolonged.
D1-2, comparative examples 1-2
The same as example 1 except that the amount of the water-absorbing agent added was adjusted to 2.5% and the amount of the self-expanding agent added was adjusted to 78.5%, to obtain a hole-plugging sheet having a density of 1.96g/cm 3 Microscopic observation shows that a water-cement ratio is 30%, a part of water absorbent enters the inside of the tablet, after the water absorbent is used for blast hole blocking, the water absorption capacity is greatly reduced compared with that of example 1, and the self-expansion pressure of the formed blocking block is detected to be as low as 14.4MPa.
D1-3, comparative examples 1-3
The same as example 1 except that the amount of the water-absorbing agent was adjusted to 9.5% and the corresponding amount of the self-expanding agent was adjusted to 71.5%, to obtain a hole-plugging sheet having a density of 1.97g/cm 3 After the water-cement ratio is 33 percent and the water absorption is obviously increased compared with the example 1 after the blast hole is plugged, the self-expansion pressure of the formed plugged block is 26.5MPa through detection.
D1-4, comparative examples 1-4
The same as example 1 except that the compressed tablet was 100kN and the density of the self-expandable tablet was 1.8g/cm 3 Since the density of the self-expandable tablet is reduced, the porosity in the tablet becomes large, the water-cement ratio becomes 45%, and the expansion pressure is reduced to 22.1MPa.
D1-5, comparative examples 1-5
Similar to example 1, except that the self-expandable tablet was replaced with 100% self-expanding agent material to prepare an expanded tablet having a density of 1.93g/cm 3 And the water-cement ratio is 29 percent, blast holes are blocked, and obvious orifice spraying phenomenon occurs in the reaction process, so that the expansion pressure is obviously reduced, and the expansion pressure is 14.7MPa after the system reacts for 15min through detection.
Example 2:
taken from the expanding agent: 70%, povidone (PVPK 30): 4.5%, trigger: 7.5%, after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is mixed with absolute ethyl alcohol: 9 percent, fully stirring, extruding and screening by a 40-mesh screen, sending into a constant temperature box with preset temperature of 80 ℃, taking out after 5min, mixing with a macromolecular water-absorbing resin (SAP): stirring 9% of the above solution, placing into a tabletting mold with diameter of 80mm, filling height of 5cm, press-molding under 150kN pressure, demolding to obtain self-expanding tablet with thickness of 2.5cm, diameter of 88mm, and density of 1.95g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 29%.
Detection shows that when the ambient temperature is 5 ℃, the exciting agent reaches a first peak value of 75 ℃ within 17min, and after the reaction is continued for 36min, the exciting agent reaches a second peak value of 85 ℃; when the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 80 ℃ in 6.5min, and after the reaction is continued for 23min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 90 ℃.
A bench blasting filling test is carried out in a certain open mine, the height of a bench is 15m, the diameter of a blast hole is 90mm, the charging height is 8m, the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, and a digital electronic detonator is detonated. After the charging connection line work is finished, rock powder with the height of 1m is filled in a blast hole, 5 self-expansion tablets with the thickness of 2.5cm are soaked in water with the temperature of 20 ℃, the self-expansion tablets are taken out and put into the hole after 10min, the blast hole is blocked after 29.5min, a blocked block is obtained, the self-expansion pressure of the blocked block is 40.3MPa, the blasting process is recorded by a high-speed camera, the phenomenon of punching is not generated, the block percentage is reduced by 11.2%, the blasting block size is uniform, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
Example 3
Taken from the swelling agent: 72.5%, povidone (PVPK 90): 3.5%, excitant: 9%, uniformly mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol: 12%, stirring thoroughly, extruding through a 40-mesh screen, feeding into a thermostat with preset temperature of 77 deg.C, taking out after 5min, mixing with a high molecular water-absorbent resin (SAP): stirring 3% of the above materials, placing into a tabletting mold with diameter of 80mm, filling height of 4cm, press-molding under 150kN pressure, demolding to obtain self-expanding tablet with thickness of 2cm, diameter of 88mm, and density of 1.96g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 33%.
Detection shows that when the ambient temperature is 5 ℃, the exciting agent reaches a first peak value of 75 ℃ within 15min, and after the reaction is continued for 34min, the exciting agent reaches a second peak value of 85 ℃; when the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 80 ℃ within 6min, and after continuing to react for 22min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 90 ℃.
A bench blasting filling test is carried out in a certain open mine, the height of a bench is 15m, the diameter of a blast hole is 90mm, the charging height is 8m, the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, and a digital electronic detonator is detonated. After the charging connection line work is finished, rock powder with the height of 1m is filled in a blast hole, 6 self-expansion tablets with the thickness of 2cm are soaked in water at the temperature of 20 ℃, the self-expansion tablets are taken out and put into the hole after 10min, the blast hole blocking is finished after 28min, a blocking block body is obtained, the self-expansion pressure of the blocking block body is 43.2MPa, the detonation is carried out, the blasting process is recorded by a high-speed camera, the punching phenomenon is not generated, the large block rate is reduced by 10.23%, the blasting block degree is uniform, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
Example 4
Taken from the swelling agent: 77.5%, copovidone (PVP/VA 64): 4% of an activator: 7.5%, after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is mixed with absolute ethyl alcohol: stirring 8%, extruding through 40 mesh screen, feeding into thermostat with preset temperature of 78 deg.C, taking out after 5min, and adjusting heightMolecular water absorbent resin (SAP): stirring 3% of the above materials, placing into a tabletting mold with diameter of 80mm, filling height of 6cm, press-molding under 150kN pressure, demolding to obtain self-expanding tablet with thickness of 3cm, diameter of 88mm, and density of 1.95g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 34%.
Through detection, when the environmental temperature is 5 ℃, the exciting agent reaches a first peak value of 75 ℃ within 17min, and after the reaction is continued for 36min, the exciting agent reaches a second peak value of 85 ℃; when the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 80 ℃ in 6.5min, and after the reaction is continued for 23min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 90 ℃.
A bench blasting filling test is carried out on a certain open mine, the step height is 15m, the diameter of a blast hole is 90mm, the charging height is 8m, the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, and a digital electronic detonator is detonated. After the charging connection line work is finished, rock powder with the height of 1m is filled in a blast hole, 4 self-expansion tablets with the thickness of 3cm are soaked in water at the temperature of 20 ℃, the self-expansion tablets are taken out and put into the hole after 10min, the blast hole blocking is finished after 29.5min, a blocking block body is obtained, the self-expansion pressure of the blocking block body is 44.9MPa, the detonation is carried out, the blasting process is recorded by a high-speed camera, the punching phenomenon is not generated, the large block rate is reduced by 14.1%, the blasting block size is uniform, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
Example 5
Taken from the swelling agent: 80%, copovidone (PVP/VA 64): 3% of an activator: 6%, uniformly mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol: 8 percent, fully stirring, extruding and screening by a 50-mesh screen, sending into a thermostat with preset temperature of 79 ℃, taking out after 5min, mixing with a macromolecular water-absorbent resin (SAP): stirring 3% of the above materials, placing into a tabletting mold with diameter of 40mm, filling height of 6cm, press-forming under 150kN pressure, demolding to obtain self-expanding tablet with thickness of 3cm, diameter of 40mm, and density of 1.98g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 35%.
Through detection, when the environmental temperature is 5 ℃, the exciting agent reaches a first peak value of 65 ℃ within 20min, and after the reaction is continued for 40min, the exciting agent reaches a second peak value of 70 ℃; when the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 70 ℃ in 7.5min, and after the reaction is continued for 25min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 75 ℃.
And performing a tunneling blasting filling test on an underground mine, wherein the length of a blast hole is 3m, the diameter of the hole is 42mm, the charging length is 2m, the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, and a digital electronic detonator is detonated. After the charging and connecting line is completed, 4 self-expanding tablets with the thickness of 3cm are taken out by 20 ℃ water, the tablets are taken out after 10min and placed at a position 50cm away from an orifice (no rock powder is needed due to horizontal holes), the blast hole blocking is completed after 32.5min, a blocking block is obtained, the self-expansion pressure of the blocking block is 42.5MPa, the blasting process is initiated, a high-speed camera is used for recording the blasting process, the phenomenon of punching is found not to occur, the blasting depth is increased by 14.8%, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
Example 6
Taken from the swelling agent: 70.5%, povidone (PVPK 30): 5% of an activator: 10.5%, after uniform mixing, mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol: 11 percent, fully stirring, extruding and screening by a 25-mesh screen, sending into a thermostat with preset temperature of 77 ℃, taking out after 5min, mixing with a macromolecular water-absorbing resin (SAP): stirring 3% of the above materials, placing into a tabletting mold with diameter of 40mm, filling height of 6cm, press-forming under 150kN pressure, demolding to obtain self-expanding tablet with thickness of 3cm, diameter of 40mm, and density of 1.98g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 33%.
Detection shows that when the ambient temperature is 5 ℃, the exciting agent reaches a first peak value of 65 ℃ within 11min, and after the reaction is continued for 32min, the exciting agent reaches a second peak value of 70 ℃; when the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 70 ℃ in 5.5min, and after the reaction is continued for 21min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 75 ℃.
And performing a tunneling blasting filling test on an underground mine, wherein the length of a blast hole is 3m, the diameter of the hole is 42mm, the charging length is 2m, the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, and a digital electronic detonator is detonated. After the charging connection line is finished, 4 self-expansion tablets with the thickness of 3cm are taken out by 20 ℃ water, the tablets are taken out after 10min and placed in a position 50cm away from an orifice (no rock powder is needed due to horizontal holes), blast hole blocking is finished after 26.5min, a blocking block is obtained, the self-expansion pressure of the blocking block is 40.0MPa, the block is detonated, the blasting process is recorded by a high-speed camera, the phenomenon of punching is found not to occur, the blasting depth is increased by 12.7%, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
Example 7
Taken from the swelling agent: 71.5%, povidone (PVPK 90): 4% of an activator: 12%, uniformly mixing, and mixing with absolute ethyl alcohol: 8 percent, fully stirring, extruding and screening by a 25-mesh screen, sending into a thermostat with preset temperature of 76 ℃, taking out after 5min, mixing with a macromolecular water-absorbent resin (SAP): stirring 4.5% uniformly, placing into a tabletting mold with diameter of 40mm, filling height of 6cm, press-forming under 150kN pressure, demolding to obtain self-expanding tablet with thickness of 3cm, diameter of 40mm, and density of 1.97g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 31%.
Detection shows that when the ambient temperature is 5 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 65 ℃ within 10min, and after the reaction is continued for 30min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 70 ℃; when the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 70 ℃ within 5min, and after the reaction is continued for 20min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 75 ℃.
And performing a tunneling blasting filling test on an underground mine, wherein the length of a blast hole is 3m, the diameter of the hole is 42mm, the charging length is 2m, the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, and a digital electronic detonator is detonated. After the charging and connecting line is finished, 4 self-expansion tablets with the thickness of 3cm are taken out by 20 ℃ water, the tablets are taken out after 10min and placed in a position 50cm away from an orifice (no rock powder is needed due to horizontal holes), the blast hole blocking is finished after 25min, a blocking block is obtained, the self-expansion pressure of the blocking block is 43.2MPa, the blasting process is recorded by a high-speed camera, the phenomenon of punching is found not to occur, the blasting depth is increased by 13.6%, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
Example 8
Taken from the swelling agent: 73.5%, hydroxypropyl cellulose (H-HPC): 3.5%, excitant: 7.5%, after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is mixed with absolute ethyl alcohol: 8 percent, fully stirring, extruding and screening by a 25-mesh screen, sending into a thermostat with preset temperature of 78 ℃, taking out after 5min, mixing with a high-molecular water-absorbent resin (SAP): stirring 7.5% of the above materials, placing into a tabletting mold with diameter of 40mm, filling with height of 6cm, press-molding under 150kN pressure, demolding to obtain self-expanding tablet with thickness of 3cm, diameter of 40mm, and density of 1.98g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 32%.
Through detection, when the environmental temperature is 5 ℃, the exciting agent reaches a first peak value of 65 ℃ within 17min, and after the reaction is continued for 36min, the exciting agent reaches a second peak value of 70 ℃; when the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the excitant reaches a first peak value of 70 ℃ in 6.5min, and after the reaction is continued for 23min, the excitant reaches a second peak value of 75 ℃.
And performing a tunneling blasting filling test on an underground mine, wherein the length of a blast hole is 3m, the diameter of the hole is 42mm, the charging length is 2m, the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, and a digital electronic detonator is detonated. After the charging connection line is finished, 4 self-expansion tablets with the thickness of 3cm are taken out by 20 ℃ water, the tablets are taken out after 10min and placed in a position 50cm away from an orifice (no rock powder is needed due to horizontal holes), blasting hole blocking is finished after 29.5min, a blocking block is obtained, the self-expansion pressure of the blocking block is 44.3MPa, initiation is carried out, a high-speed camera is used for recording the blasting process, the phenomenon of punching is found not to occur, the blasting depth is increased by 15.1%, and the blasting effect is obviously improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A self-expanding tablet for blocking a blast hole is characterized by comprising, by mass, 70-80% of a self-expanding agent, 3~5% of an adhesive, 6-12% of an activator, 8-12% of a wetting agent and 3~9% of a water absorbent; the self-expanding agent is a static crushing agent and comprises 70-75% by mass of CaO and CaSO 4 5 to 10 percent of citric acid, 5 to 10 percent of bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite, and 5 to 10 percent of bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite, wherein one of the bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite, the kaolin/montmorillonite and the mixture of the bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite or the mixture of the bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite and any two of the bentonite/kaolin/montmorillonite are mixed in any ratio; the exciting agent comprises 30% of aluminum powder, 30% of calcium oxide, 15% of activated carbon, 10% of sodium chloride, 5% of iron powder, 5% of sodium carbonate and 5% of sodium aluminate; all the components are in the form of fine powder, and the granularity is 50-200 meshes.
2. The self-expandable tablet for stemming according to claim 1, wherein the water absorbing agent is a high molecular water absorbent resin, the binder is povidone, copovidone or hydroxypropyl cellulose, and the wetting agent is absolute ethyl alcohol.
3. The method for producing a self-expandable tablet for blast hole plugging according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Taking 70-80% of an expanding agent, 3~5% of an adhesive, 6-12% of an exciting agent, 8-12% of a wetting agent and 3~9% of a water absorbent according to mass percentage for later use;
(2) Uniformly mixing a self-expanding agent, an adhesive and an activator to obtain a dry mixed material;
(3) Fully stirring the dry mixed material and the wetting agent to obtain a wet material, and sieving to obtain wet granules with uniform particle size;
(4) After the wet particles are dried, uniformly stirring the wet particles and a water absorbent to obtain a self-expanding tablet raw material;
(5) And (3) performing compression molding on the self-expanding tablet raw material to prepare the self-expanding tablet for blocking the blast hole.
4. The method for preparing the self-expandable tablet for plugging a blast hole according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the drying operation is carried out in a thermostat, the drying temperature is 76 to 80 ℃, and the drying time is 5 to 10min.
5. The method for producing a self-expandable tablet for blast hole plugging according to claim 3, wherein in the step (5), the self-expandable tablet for blast hole plugging is a circular tablet having a diameter of 40 to 160mm and a thickness of 2 to 3cm; the density is 1.90-2.10g/cm 3 The water-cement ratio is 29-35%.
6. The method of using a self-expandable tablet for blast hole plugging according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
in the blast hole plugging engineering, after an explosive is arranged in a blast hole, filling a water-absorbed self-expanding tablet, starting an exciting reaction by using an exciting agent in the self-expanding tablet, after the reaction is carried out for 5-20min, the system temperature reaches a first peak value of 70-75 ℃, after the reaction is continued for 20-40min, the system temperature reaches a second peak value of 85-100 ℃, completing the blast hole plugging, obtaining a plugged block, and carrying out normal blasting operation, wherein the environment temperature is-10-25 ℃.
7. The use of a self-expandable tablet for blast hole plugging according to claim 6, wherein:
when the ambient temperature is 15-25 ℃, the reaction time is 25-40min, wherein the excitant reacts for 5-10min to reach a first peak value, and continues to react for 20-30min to reach a second peak value;
and when the ambient temperature is-10 to 15 ℃, the reaction time is 40 to 60min, wherein the excitant reacts for 10 to 20min to reach a first peak value, and the reaction continues for 30 to 40min to reach a second peak value.
8. The use method of the self-expandable tablet for blast hole plugging according to claim 6, wherein in the use method, the self-expandable tablet absorbs water for 8-15min and then is laid; when the blasting is carried out on an open pit mine, the laying thickness of the self-expanding tablets is 10-30cm, and when the blasting is carried out on an underground mine, the laying thickness of the self-expanding tablets is 10-20cm.
9. The method of using a self-expandable tablet for blast hole plugging according to claim 6, wherein the self-expansion pressure of the plugging block is 30 to 40MPa, the block fraction is reduced by 11.2 to 14.1% in the case of open bench blasting, and the blasting footage is increased by 12.7 to 15.1% in the case of underground mine excavation blasting.
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