CN114410322B - Organic solid waste disposal process - Google Patents
Organic solid waste disposal process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114410322B CN114410322B CN202210074631.2A CN202210074631A CN114410322B CN 114410322 B CN114410322 B CN 114410322B CN 202210074631 A CN202210074631 A CN 202210074631A CN 114410322 B CN114410322 B CN 114410322B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
- C10K1/06—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials combined with spraying with water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
- C10K1/14—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors organic
- C10K1/143—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors organic containing amino groups
- C10K1/146—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors organic containing amino groups alkali-, earth-alkali- or NH4 salts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment process of organic solid wastes, and relates to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment. The invention is used for solving the technical problems that organic solid waste is completely decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by adopting an incineration mode, energy is wasted when the carbon dioxide and the water are discharged into the atmosphere, the temperature change of a cracking furnace chamber is large and the operation working condition is unstable due to the release of the heat value of materials, and the flue gas generated by cracking contains acidic pollutants and carbon dioxide which are directly discharged to aggravate the greenhouse effect. The method adopts a high-temperature anaerobic cracking mode to treat the organic solid waste, so that organic matters in the solid waste are cracked and condensed in an anaerobic environment to generate cracked gas and cracked oil, and the organic solid waste can generate secondary utilized resources; meanwhile, pure oxygen is adopted to support combustion instead of conventional air, so that the heat utilization rate of the system is improved, the heat loss of the discharged flue gas is reduced, and no pollutant is discharged; the mixed alkali liquor of sodium hydroxide and organic amine is adopted to deeply purify combustion flue gas, so that acidic pollutants and carbon dioxide in the flue gas are completely removed, and the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment, in particular to a treatment process of organic solid waste.
Background
Incineration is the most effective treatment mode for reducing and detoxifying organic solid wastes, and is gradually developed in China in recent years. The existing treatment process of burning the organic solid wastes comprises grate furnace burning and rotary kiln burning, both the two modes adopt a direct burning mode, a large amount of air is introduced into the burning furnace, the organic solid wastes are ignited, organic matters in the solid wastes and oxygen in the air are subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction and decomposed to finally become carbon dioxide and water, and heat is released so as to maintain the continuous burning process. However, because the industrial organic solid waste and the municipal organic solid waste have large regional differences, the heat value, the pollutant and the water content of the material fluctuate greatly, the operation working condition of the incinerator is unstable, a large amount of greenhouse gas is discharged, the release amount of the atmospheric pollutant is large, and great challenges are created for the sustainable development of the society.
The organic solid waste rotary kiln incineration technology is one of the mainstream incineration technologies at present, the rotary kiln is an inclined rotary cylinder body with the inner wall built with refractory materials, the rotary kiln incineration technology is mainly characterized in that organic solid waste is pushed into a hearth through a piston type material pusher, a burner is arranged on a front end plate of the furnace, natural gas or diesel oil is used as fuel, the materials are ignited, air is introduced into the hearth, organic matters in the solid waste are fully combusted at high temperature to become carbon dioxide and water, although the smoke enters a subsequent secondary combustion chamber, the high-temperature smoke in the secondary combustion chamber is further contacted with the air, and the organic matters in the smoke are thoroughly incinerated; then the high-temperature flue gas enters a boiler, a dust remover of a quench tower and a flue gas deacidification tower and is finally discharged through a chimney.
The invention patent of publication No. CN112708428A discloses a system and a process for treating organic solid waste, which comprise a cracking system, a heat supply system, a cracking gas purification system and a flue gas treatment system; the cracking system comprises an oxygen-free cracking device and a multi-stage spiral cracking unit, wherein the multi-stage spiral cracking unit is provided with a sealing device and is at least a two-stage spiral cracking device; the heating system comprises a dust remover, a burnout chamber and a heating device. The system adopts an anaerobic cracking technology, so that pollutants of dioxin cannot be generated in the cracking process, and cracked products are mainly micromolecular cracking gas, so that the system is more environment-friendly to use; the pyrolysis gas of the organic solid waste raw material is used as a heating working medium, and the pyrolysis gas is recycled by the heating device, so that the heat exchange efficiency is increased, and the pyrolysis efficiency is improved. However, the following technical problems are found: the incineration mode is adopted to treat the organic solid waste and completely decompose the organic solid waste into carbon dioxide and water, the carbon dioxide and the water are discharged into the atmosphere to waste energy, the temperature change of a cracking furnace chamber is large and the operation working condition is unstable due to the release of the heat value of the material, and the flue gas generated by cracking contains acidic pollutants and carbon dioxide which are directly discharged to aggravate the greenhouse effect.
A solution is now proposed to address the technical drawback in this respect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process for treating organic solid wastes, which is used for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, organic solid wastes are treated by adopting an incineration mode and are completely decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, energy is wasted when the carbon dioxide and the water are discharged into the atmosphere, the temperature change of a cracking furnace hearth is large and the operation working condition is unstable due to the release of the calorific value of materials, and the flue gas generated by cracking contains acidic pollutants and carbon dioxide which are directly discharged to aggravate the greenhouse effect.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a process for treating organic solid waste comprises the following steps:
conveying organic solid waste to a crusher through a conveyor for crushing to obtain solid waste particles with the particle size of 30-50 mm; the solid waste particles fall into a cracking furnace feeding machine, and the cracking furnace feeding machine sends the solid waste particles into a cracking furnace temporary storage bin;
step two, feeding the solid waste particles into a spiral feeder after controlling the blanking speed through a temporary storage bin of the cracking furnace, feeding the solid waste particles into the cracking furnace under the action of spiral pushing, drying, cracking and condensing at 400-800 ℃ to obtain cracking gas, cracking oil and cracking carbon, and fully cooling the cracking carbon from the tail of the cracking furnace through a water-cooled slag extractor and then discharging the cracking carbon into a slag storage tank;
step three, introducing the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis oil into a pyrolysis gas fractional condensation tower through pipelines, directly contacting with atomized water, rapidly cooling the oil-gas mixture to 200 ℃, and performing primary condensation separation on dust carried in the oil-gas mixture and heavy component oil products to form oil residues falling into a residual oil tank at the bottom;
step four, the oil gas after the primary condensation and separation enters a pyrolysis gas condenser, high-temperature oil gas and cooling water are subjected to full heat exchange and then are converted into non-condensable gas, pyrolysis water and light oil, and the non-condensable gas enters a pyrolysis gas refining tower for refining; carrying out oil-water separation on the pyrolysis water and the light oil in an oil-water separation tank;
step five, after waste heat recovery is carried out on the flue gas generated by the cracking furnace and the waste heat boiler through a flue gas heat exchanger, one part of the flue gas enters a flue gas deep washing system, and the other part of the flue gas flows back to a combustion-supporting system and is mixed with pure oxygen and then introduced into a hearth of the cracking furnace for supporting combustion;
and step six, performing primary deacidification on the flue gas by using a tail gas deacidification tower and a deacidification circulating pump in the flue gas deep washing system, performing secondary decarbonization by using a tail gas decarbonization tower and a decarbonization circulating pump, and introducing the residual flue gas after decarbonization into a combustion-supporting system for supporting combustion.
Furthermore, the cracking furnace is connected with a waste heat boiler, and the cracking furnace and the waste heat boiler are supported by pure oxygen.
Further, the refined non-condensable gas is pressurized and conveyed to a gas system through a supercharger to be used as heat supply fuel for a cracking furnace and a waste heat boiler.
Further, the primary deacidification and the secondary decarbonization are reversely sprayed and washed by using mixed alkali liquor, the mixed alkali liquor is formed by mixing sodium hydroxide, organic amine and water, the solubility of the sodium hydroxide is 2.2-3.5 g/mL, the concentration of the organic amine is 1.2-1.6 g/mL, and the organic amine is selected from one or a mixture of more of triethylene tetramine, diethylenetriamine and tetraethylenepentamine.
Further, the temporary storage bin of the cracking furnace comprises an upper arch breaking bin and a lower multi-stage adjusting discharge bin, the top of the arch breaking bin is communicated with the top of a feeding machine of the cracking furnace, and the bottom of the multi-stage adjusting discharge bin is communicated with a feeding hole of the spiral feeding machine; an arch breaking mechanism is arranged at the arch breaking bin, and an inserting plate sealing mechanism and an arc valve mechanism are arranged at the multi-stage adjusting discharge bin.
Furthermore, the arch breaking mechanism comprises a speed reducing motor, an arch breaking shaft and an arch breaking roller, the speed reducing motor is arranged on the outer wall of the arch breaking bin, the arch breaking shaft transversely penetrates through the wall of the arch breaking bin, a motor shaft of the speed reducing motor is connected with the arch breaking shaft, the arch breaking roller is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the arch breaking shaft, a plurality of outwardly extending arch breaking knives are distributed on the periphery of the arch breaking roller in a radial array mode, the arch breaking knives are mounted on the periphery of the arch breaking roller through a mounting table, and a plurality of outwardly extending barbed knives are regularly distributed on the periphery of the arch breaking knives.
Further, picture peg sealing mechanism includes closing plate, mounting panel and driving motor, and the mounting panel extends to another lateral wall portion after running through from the outside of feed bin under the multistage regulation, and the inside of mounting panel is located to the closing plate and the cross sectional dimension adaptation of feed bin under size and the multistage regulation, and the inside top that is located the closing plate of mounting panel is equipped with the threaded rod of outside extension, and the outer end of mounting panel is equipped with the installing zone, and the threaded rod runs through the installing zone, and driving motor locates the top of installing zone, and driving motor's motor shaft stretches into the installing zone after connect with threaded rod meshed bevel gear.
Furthermore, the arc valve mechanism comprises arc turning plates, rotating shafts and meshing gears which are arranged in the multistage adjustment discharge bin, the two rotating shafts symmetrically penetrate through the wall part of the multistage adjustment discharge bin, the two arc meshing gears are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the rotating shafts and are meshed with each other, and the two arc turning plates are symmetrically arranged on the outer sides of the rotating shafts and are integrally formed with the meshing gears; the outer wall of one of the arc-shaped turning plates is connected with an air cylinder arranged outside the multi-stage adjustment lower storage bin, and the air cylinder is fixed through an L-shaped plate arranged on the outer wall of the multi-stage adjustment lower storage bin.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method adopts a high-temperature anaerobic cracking mode to treat the organic solid waste, so that organic matters in the solid waste are cracked and condensed in an anaerobic environment to generate cracked gas and cracked oil, and the organic solid waste can generate secondary utilized resources; meanwhile, pure oxygen combustion supporting is adopted to replace conventional air combustion supporting, the heat utilization rate of the system is improved, the heat loss of discharged flue gas is reduced, tail gas is treated more thoroughly, no pollutant is discharged, and the method is more environment-friendly.
2. The mixed alkali liquor of sodium hydroxide and organic amine is adopted to deeply purify combustion flue gas, so that acidic pollutants and carbon dioxide in the flue gas are completely removed, and the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced; by adopting a high integration mode and coupling a plurality of module functional devices, compared with the conventional industrial implementation process, the method greatly reduces the occupied area, shortens the engineering implementation period and reduces the investment cost; by developing a heavy residual oil secondary cracking technology, inferior residual oil generated by cracking is cracked and vaporized again to produce high-quality oil products, and the problem of difficult utilization of the cracked residual oil is solved.
3. The cracking furnace temporary storage bin enables solid waste particles to be dispersed and fed through the arch breaking mechanism, the feeding speed is controlled, the solid waste particles are prevented from being blocked in the arch breaking bin through an arch, the solid waste particles can be further crushed and refined, the size of the solid waste particles is reduced, and the high-temperature anaerobic cracking rate is improved; the blanking speed is controlled again through the inserting plate sealing mechanism and the arc valve mechanism, and the effects of temporarily storing solid waste particles and adjusting the blanking speed in multiple stages are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an organic solid waste disposal process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of an organic solid waste disposal process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a temporary storage bin of a cracking furnace according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a temporary storage bin of a cracking furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an arch breaking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a reduction motor is not shown;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an arc valve mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows: 1. a conveyor; 2. a crusher; 3. a cracking furnace feeder; 4. a temporary storage bin of the cracking furnace; 5. a shaftless screw feeder; 6. an external heating type rotary cracking furnace; 7. water-cooling a slag discharging machine; 8. a slag storage tank; 9. a cracked gas dephlegmation tower; 10. a slag oil tank; 11. a cracked gas condenser; 12. a cracked gas refining tower; 13. a supercharger; 14. an oil-water separation tank; 15. a flue gas heat exchanger; 16. a tail gas deacidification tower; 17. a deacidification circulating pump; 18. a tail gas decarbonizing tower; 19. a decarburization circulating pump; 20. a variable-frequency induced draft fan; 41. breaking an arch bin; 42. the discharging bin is adjusted in multiple stages; 43. a reduction motor; 44. breaking an arch shaft; 45. breaking the arch roller; 46. an arch breaking knife; 47. a mounting table; 48. a bayonet; 49. a buffer bellows; 50. a buffer column; 51. extending the column; 52. a buffer spring; 53. sealing plates; 54. mounting a plate; 55. a drive motor; 56. a threaded rod; 57. an installation area; 58. a bevel gear; 59. an arc-shaped turning plate; 60. a rotating shaft; 61. a meshing gear; 62. a cylinder; 63. an L-shaped plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described below clearly and completely in conjunction with the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment provides a process for disposing organic solid waste, comprising the following steps:
conveying organic solid waste to a crusher 2 through a conveyor 1 for crushing to obtain solid waste particles with the particle size of 30-50 mm; the solid waste particles fall into a cracking furnace feeding machine 3, and the cracking furnace feeding machine 3 sends the solid waste particles into a cracking furnace temporary storage bin 4;
step two, feeding the solid waste particles into a spiral feeder 5 after controlling the feeding speed through a temporary storage bin 4 of the cracking furnace, feeding the solid waste particles into the cracking furnace 6 under the action of spiral pushing, drying, cracking and condensing at 400-800 ℃ to obtain cracking gas, cracking oil and cracking carbon, and fully cooling the cracking carbon from the tail part of the cracking furnace 6 through a water-cooled slag extractor 7 and then discharging the cracking carbon into a slag storage tank 8; wherein, the cracking furnace 6 is connected with a waste heat boiler, the cracking furnace 6 and the waste heat boiler adopt pure oxygen for combustion supporting, and the pure oxygen is prepared by a PSA oxygenerator.
Step three, the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis oil enter a pyrolysis gas dephlegmation tower 9 through pipelines and directly contact with atomized water, the temperature of the oil-gas mixture is rapidly reduced to 200 ℃, dust carried in the oil-gas mixture is condensed and separated from heavy component oil for the first time, and formed oil residue falls into a residual oil tank 10 at the bottom;
step four, the oil gas after primary condensation and separation enters a pyrolysis gas condenser 11, high-temperature oil gas and cooling water are subjected to full heat exchange and then are converted into non-condensable gas, pyrolysis water and light oil, the non-condensable gas enters a pyrolysis gas refining tower 12 for refining, and the refined non-condensable gas is pressurized and conveyed to a gas system through a supercharger 13 to serve as heat supply fuel of a cracking furnace 6 and a waste heat boiler; the pyrolysis water and the light oil are subjected to oil-water separation in the oil-water separation tank 14; the pyrolysis water is partially used for quenching, and the redundant pyrolysis water is sent to a waste water treatment device outside the system; and (4) conveying the light oil to a light oil tank to be sold as high-quality fuel.
The cracking furnace 6 adopts natural gas for supporting combustion when in operation, uses refined non-condensable gas after normal operation, and has a fuel substitution rate of 80-200 percent under general conditions; the refined non-condensable gas can also enter a waste heat boiler, and steam generated after full combustion is supplied for external use.
Step five, after the waste heat of the flue gas generated by the cracking furnace 6 and the waste heat boiler is recovered by a flue gas heat exchanger 15, one part of the flue gas enters a flue gas deep washing system, and the other part of the flue gas flows back to a combustion-supporting system and is mixed with pure oxygen and then introduced into a hearth of the cracking furnace 6 for supporting combustion; the power of the flue gas circulation is provided by a variable-frequency draught fan 20, and a chimney is not arranged in the system because no flue gas is discharged.
And sixthly, performing primary deacidification on the flue gas by using a tail gas deacidification tower 16 and a deacidification circulating pump 17 in the flue gas deep washing system, performing secondary decarburization on the flue gas by using a tail gas decarbonization tower 18 and a decarburization circulating pump 19, and introducing the residual flue gas after the decarbonization into a combustion-supporting system for supporting combustion.
The first-stage deacidification and the second-stage decarburization are reversely sprayed and washed by using mixed alkali liquor, residues in smoke can be fully removed, the mixed alkali liquor is formed by mixing sodium hydroxide, organic amine and water, the solubility of the sodium hydroxide is 2.2-3.5 g/mL, the concentration of the organic amine is 1.2-1.6 g/mL, and the organic amine is selected from one or a mixture of more of triethylene tetramine, diethylenetriamine and tetraethylenepentamine.
Specifically, a deep sodium-calcium combination method is adopted, sodium hydroxide is used as an absorbent, calcium hydroxide is used as a re-raising agent, flue gas is contacted with a fully atomized solution containing NaOH in a desulfurizing tower, and SO in the flue gas is 2 Absorbed by NaOH solution to generate NaSO 3 And NaHSO 3 Then, reacted with quicklime, naHSO 3 Reaction releases Na + SO produced 3 2- The reaction is continued to generate CaSO 3 、CaSO 4 The sodium hydroxide is precipitated in the form of hydrate to achieve the aim of sodium alkali regeneration, and the regenerated sodium alkali is circularly pumped into a tail gas deacidification tower 16 by a deacidification circulating pump 17; the organic amine and carbon dioxide form water-soluble salts in water.
The main reaction formulas of carbon in the organic solid waste at high temperature are as follows:
c + air = CO 2 +H 2 O+NO x ；C+O 2 ＝CO 2 +H 2 O。
The carbon and water react with each other at high temperature in a water-gas reaction, and the main reaction formula is as follows:
C+H 2 O＝CO+H 2 。
considering that the organic solid waste incineration cost is high, the energy waste is serious, the air pollutant discharge amount is large, the potential safety hazard in the transportation and storage process is high, and the process route is invented in order to improve the resource utilization rate of the organic solid waste and reduce or even eliminate the air pollutants. The organic solid waste is treated in a high-temperature anaerobic cracking mode, so that organic matters in the solid waste are cracked and condensed in an anaerobic environment to generate cracked gas and cracked oil, and the organic solid waste can generate secondary utilized resources; meanwhile, pure oxygen combustion supporting is adopted to replace conventional air combustion supporting, the heat utilization rate of the system is improved, the heat loss of discharged flue gas is reduced, tail gas is treated more thoroughly, no pollutant is discharged, and the method is more environment-friendly.
The mixed alkali liquor of sodium hydroxide and organic amine is adopted to deeply purify combustion flue gas, so that acid pollutants and carbon dioxide in the flue gas are completely removed, and the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced; by adopting a high integration mode and coupling a plurality of module functional devices, compared with the conventional industrial implementation process, the method greatly reduces the occupied area, shortens the engineering implementation period and reduces the investment cost; by developing a secondary cracking technology of heavy residual oil, inferior residual oil generated by cracking is cracked and vaporized again to produce high-quality oil products, and the problem of difficult utilization of cracked residual oil is solved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1-2, this embodiment provides a process for disposing organic solid waste, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the screw feeder 5 is selected from a shaftless screw feeder, a design without a central shaft is adopted, and a whole steel screw with certain flexibility is used to push materials, so that the torque is large, the energy consumption is low, the sealing performance is strong, the materials are not easy to block, and the winding resistance is strong.
The cracking furnace 6 is selected from an external heating type rotary cracking furnace, a barrel body which rotates obliquely is arranged in a cavity of the cracking furnace, cracking carbon can slowly move forwards along with the rotation of the barrel body, in order to prevent air from mixing, the feeding and discharging of the cavity of the cracking furnace are sealed by nitrogen, and the high-temperature anaerobic cracking process in the cavity is kept.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3-5, the present embodiment provides a temporary storage bin 4 of a cracking furnace, which includes an upper arch breaking bin 41 and a lower multi-stage adjustment discharge bin 42, the top of the arch breaking bin 41 is communicated with the top of the feeding machine 3 of the cracking furnace, and the bottom of the multi-stage adjustment discharge bin 42 is communicated with the feeding port of the screw feeder 5. The size of the inner cavity of the arch breaking bin 41 is smaller than that of the inner cavity of the multi-stage adjusting blanking bin 42. An arch breaking mechanism is arranged at the position of the arch breaking bin 41, and a flashboard sealing mechanism and an arc valve mechanism are arranged at the position of the multi-stage adjusting blanking bin 42.
Specifically, the arch breaking mechanism comprises a speed reducing motor 43, an arch breaking shaft 44 and an arch breaking roller 45, wherein the speed reducing motor 43 is arranged on the outer wall of the arch breaking bin 41, the arch breaking shaft 44 transversely penetrates through the wall of the arch breaking bin 41, a motor shaft of the speed reducing motor 43 is connected with the arch breaking shaft 44, the arch breaking roller 45 is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the arch breaking shaft 44, a plurality of outwardly extending arch breaking knives 46 are distributed on the radial periphery of the arch breaking roller 45 in an array manner, the arch breaking knives 46 are mounted on the periphery of the arch breaking roller 45 through a mounting table 47, and a plurality of outwardly extending bayonet knives 48 are regularly distributed on the periphery of the arch breaking knives 46.
After solid waste particles obtained by organic solid waste crushing are introduced into the arch breaking bin 41 from the cracking furnace feeder 3, the speed reducing motor 43 drives the arch breaking shaft 44 and the arch breaking roller 45 to rotate, the arch breaking roller 45 drives the arch breaking knife 46 to rotate, so that the solid waste particles are dispersed and blanked, the blanking speed is controlled, and the solid waste particles are prevented from being blocked in the arch breaking bin 41; the plurality of outwardly extending bayonet knives 48 further pulverize and refine the solid waste particles, reduce the size of the solid waste particles, and increase the rate of high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis.
The intercommunication department of feed bin 42 inner chamber and broken storehouse 41 that encircles under the multistage adjustment is equipped with buffering bellows 49, and buffering bellows 49 is close to and is connected with buffering post 50 between the inner wall of feed bin 42 under the lower extreme periphery and the multistage adjustment, and the inner chamber of buffering post 50 is equipped with and extends post 51, extends and is connected with buffer spring 52 between the inner wall of feed bin 42 under post 51 and the multistage adjustment. The buffer bellows 49 and the buffer column 50 are made of polypropylene, rubber or silica gel. After the solid waste particles after being crushed and refined fall through the arch breaking bin 41, the elastic buffer corrugated pipe 49 can buffer the impact force, so that excessive raise dust is avoided, part of the impact force can be buffered by the elastic force between the extension column 51 and the buffer spring 52, and disordered shaking of the buffer corrugated pipe 49 is avoided.
As shown in fig. 4 and 6, the inserting plate sealing mechanism and the arc valve mechanism are sequentially arranged below the buffer corrugated pipe 49, the inserting plate sealing mechanism includes a sealing plate 53, a mounting plate 54 and a driving motor 55, the mounting plate 54 penetrates through the outside of the multi-stage regulation lower bin 42 and then extends to the other side wall portion, the sealing plate 53 is arranged inside the mounting plate 54 and has a size matched with the cross-sectional size of the multi-stage regulation lower bin 42, a threaded rod 56 extending outwards is arranged above the sealing plate 53 inside the mounting plate 54, a mounting area 57 is arranged at the outer end of the mounting plate 54, the threaded rod 56 penetrates through the mounting area 57, the driving motor 55 is arranged above the mounting area 57, and a motor shaft of the driving motor 55 extends into the mounting area 57 and then is connected with a bevel gear 58 meshed with the threaded rod 56.
When solid waste particles fall through the buffer corrugated pipe 49, the driving motor 55 drives the bevel gear 58 to rotate, the bevel gear 58 drives the threaded rod 56 engaged with the bevel gear to move horizontally, and the threaded rod 56 drives the sealing plate 53 to move horizontally relative to the mounting plate 54, so that the opening size of the sealing plate 53 is adjusted, and the blanking speed is adjusted.
Arc valve mechanism turns over board 59, axis of rotation 60 and meshing gear 61 including the arc of locating feed bin 42 under the multistage regulation, and the wall portion of feed bin 42 under the multistage regulation is run through to two axis of rotation 60 symmetries, and the inboard just intermeshing of axis of rotation 60 is located to two curved meshing gear 61 symmetries, and two arcs turn over board 59 symmetries and locate the axis of rotation 60 outside and with meshing gear 61 integrated into one piece. The outer wall of one of the arc-shaped turning plates 59 is connected with an air cylinder 62 arranged outside the multi-stage adjustment lower bin 42, and the air cylinder 62 is fixed through an L-shaped plate 63 arranged on the outer wall of the multi-stage adjustment lower bin 42. When the air cylinder 62 drives one of the arc-shaped turning plates 59 to rotate around the rotating shaft 60, the meshing gear 61 connected with the rotating shaft 60 drives the other meshing gear 61 to rotate reversely, the opening and closing angle and size between the two arc-shaped turning plates 59 are changed, and the blanking speed is further adjusted.
In the temporary storage bin 4 of the cracking furnace, solid waste particles are dispersed and fed through the arch breaking mechanism, the feeding speed is controlled, the arch breaking bin 41 is prevented from being blocked by the solid waste particles, the solid waste particles can be further crushed and refined, the size of the solid waste particles is reduced, and the high-temperature oxygen-free cracking rate is improved; the blanking speed is controlled again through the inserting plate sealing mechanism and the arc valve mechanism, and the effects of temporarily storing solid waste particles and adjusting the blanking speed in multiple stages are achieved.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand the invention for and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The organic solid waste disposal process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
conveying the organic solid waste to a crusher (2) through a conveyor (1) for crushing to obtain solid waste particles with the particle size of 30-50mm; the solid waste particles fall into a cracking furnace feeding machine (3), and the cracking furnace feeding machine (3) sends the solid waste particles into a cracking furnace temporary storage bin (4);
step two, feeding the solid waste particles into a spiral feeder (5) after controlling the feeding speed through a temporary storage bin (4) of the cracking furnace, feeding the solid waste particles into the cracking furnace (6) under the action of spiral pushing, drying, cracking and condensing at 400-800 ℃ to obtain cracking gas, cracking oil and cracking carbon, and discharging the cracking carbon into a slag storage tank (8) after fully cooling the cracking carbon from the tail of the cracking furnace (6) through a water-cooled slag extractor (7);
step three, the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis oil enter a pyrolysis gas dephlegmation tower (9) through pipelines to directly contact with atomized water, the temperature of the oil-gas mixture is rapidly reduced to 200 ℃, dust carried in the oil-gas mixture is condensed and separated from heavy component oil for the first time, and formed oil residue falls into a residue oil groove (10) at the bottom;
step four, the oil gas after primary condensation and separation enters a pyrolysis gas condenser (11), high-temperature oil gas and cooling water are subjected to full heat exchange and then are converted into non-condensable gas, pyrolysis water and light oil, and the non-condensable gas enters a pyrolysis gas refining tower (12) for refining; the pyrolysis water and the light oil are subjected to oil-water separation in an oil-water separation tank (14);
step five, after waste heat recovery is carried out on the flue gas generated by the cracking furnace (6) and the waste heat boiler through a flue gas heat exchanger (15), one part of the flue gas enters a flue gas deep washing system, and the other part of the flue gas flows back to a combustion-supporting system and is mixed with pure oxygen and then introduced into a hearth of the cracking furnace (6) for supporting combustion;
sixthly, performing primary deacidification on the flue gas by using a tail gas deacidification tower (16) and a deacidification circulating pump (17) in the flue gas deep washing system, performing secondary decarburization on the flue gas by using a tail gas decarbonization tower (18) and a decarburization circulating pump (19), and introducing the residual flue gas after the deacidification into a combustion-supporting system for supporting combustion;
the temporary storage bin (4) of the cracking furnace comprises an upper arch breaking bin (41) and a lower multi-stage adjusting lower bin (42), the top of the arch breaking bin (41) is communicated with the top of the cracking furnace feeding machine (3), and the bottom of the multi-stage adjusting lower bin (42) is communicated with a feeding hole of the spiral feeding machine (5); an arch breaking mechanism is arranged at the arch breaking bin (41), and a plugboard sealing mechanism and an arc valve mechanism are arranged at the multi-stage adjusting discharge bin (42);
the arch breaking mechanism comprises a speed reducing motor (43), an arch breaking shaft (44) and an arch breaking roller (45), the speed reducing motor (43) is arranged on the outer wall of the arch breaking bin (41), the arch breaking shaft (44) transversely penetrates through the wall of the arch breaking bin (41) to be arranged, a motor shaft of the speed reducing motor (43) is connected with the arch breaking shaft (44), the arch breaking roller (45) is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the arch breaking shaft (44), a plurality of arch breaking knives (46) extending outwards are distributed on the radial periphery of the arch breaking roller (45) in an array mode, the arch breaking knives (46) are installed on the periphery of the arch breaking roller (45) through an installation platform (47), and a plurality of outwardly extending stabs (48) are regularly distributed on the periphery of the arch breaking knives (46);
the inserting plate sealing mechanism comprises a sealing plate (53), a mounting plate (54) and a driving motor (55), the mounting plate (54) penetrates through the outer part of the multistage-regulation lower storage bin (42) and then extends to the other side wall part, the sealing plate (53) is arranged in the mounting plate (54) and is matched with the sectional dimension of the multistage-regulation lower storage bin (42), a threaded rod (56) extending outwards is arranged above the sealing plate (53) in the mounting plate (54), a mounting area (57) is arranged at the outer end of the mounting plate (54), the threaded rod (56) penetrates through the mounting area (57), the driving motor (55) is arranged above the mounting area (57), and a motor shaft of the driving motor (55) extends into the mounting area (57) and then is connected with a bevel gear (58) meshed with the threaded rod (56);
the arc-shaped valve mechanism comprises arc-shaped turning plates (59), rotating shafts (60) and meshing gears (61) which are arranged in the multistage adjustment lower storage bin (42), the two rotating shafts (60) symmetrically penetrate through the wall of the multistage adjustment lower storage bin (42), the two arc-shaped meshing gears (61) are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the rotating shafts (60) and are meshed with each other, and the two arc-shaped turning plates (59) are symmetrically arranged on the outer sides of the rotating shafts (60) and are integrally formed with the meshing gears (61); the outer wall of one of the arc-shaped turning plates (59) is connected with an air cylinder (62) arranged outside the multistage adjustment discharging bin (42), and the air cylinder (62) is fixed through an L-shaped plate (63) arranged on the outer wall of the multistage adjustment discharging bin (42).
2. The organic solid waste disposal process according to claim 1, wherein the cracking furnace (6) is connected with a waste heat boiler, and the cracking furnace (6) and the waste heat boiler are used for supporting combustion by pure oxygen.
3. The organic solid waste disposal process according to claim 1, wherein the refined non-condensable gas is pressurized and delivered to a gas system through a booster (13) to be used as a heating fuel for the cracking furnace (6) and the waste heat boiler.
4. The organic solid waste disposal process according to claim 1, wherein the first-stage deacidification and the second-stage decarbonization are reversely sprayed and washed by using a mixed alkali solution, the mixed alkali solution is formed by mixing sodium hydroxide, organic amine and water, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 2.2-3.5 g/mL, the concentration of the organic amine is 1.2-1.6 g/mL, and the organic amine is one or a mixture of more of triethylene tetramine, diethylene triamine and tetraethylene pentamine.
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| CN202210074631.2A CN114410322B (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Organic solid waste disposal process |
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| US5846385A (en) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-12-08 | Chien; Szu Jeng | Process and apparatus for energy recovering through waste classification and calcination |
| CN204528201U (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-08-05 | 江西蓝谷新能源科技有限公司 | The broken arch feed surge bunker of two roller tooth |
| CN109735353A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-05-10 | 兰州何捷环保科技有限公司 | A kind of organic dangerous waste low temperature oxygen-free pyrolytic process |
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