CN114410215A - ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish - Google Patents
ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114410215A CN114410215A CN202111507810.2A CN202111507810A CN114410215A CN 114410215 A CN114410215 A CN 114410215A CN 202111507810 A CN202111507810 A CN 202111507810A CN 114410215 A CN114410215 A CN 114410215A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- aqueous
- resistant
- varnish
- wear
- based matte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical class [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZNAAXKXXDQLJIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C=1C(O)=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1C1CCCCC1 ZNAAXKXXDQLJIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CUVLMZNMSPJDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)OCC(C)O CUVLMZNMSPJDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)CO CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RNFAKTRFMQEEQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tripropylene glycol butyl ether Chemical compound CCCCOC(CC)OC(C)COC(O)CC RNFAKTRFMQEEQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 36
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 22
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 17
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09D175/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09D175/16—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds having terminal carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
- C08G18/4269—Lactones
- C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/672—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/672—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/673—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen containing two or more acrylate or alkylacrylate ester groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/73—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates acyclic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
- C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
- C08G18/752—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
- C08G18/753—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
- C08G18/755—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid, 2 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid, deionized water, aqueous dispersant, aqueous silicon dioxide, aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene wax dispersoid, aqueous nano aluminum oxide dispersion liquid, organic modified hectorite, film forming auxiliary agent, photoinitiator, aqueous wetting agent, aqueous defoaming agent, aqueous thickening agent and ammonia neutralizer. The invention provides an ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish, a film is formed by ultraviolet irradiation curing, the production efficiency is higher, the VOC content is low and is less than 200g/L, the gloss change of the film is less than 3 degrees as tested by a specified wear-resistant tester, the adhesion, water resistance and alcohol resistance of the film are excellent, and the wear resistance of the film is superior to that of a solvent-based matte UV varnish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coatings, and particularly relates to an ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish.
Background
The cosmetic outer package mainly comprises three main materials of plastic, metal and glass, wherein the plastic accounts for 70 percent, the plastic contains more ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer), the ABS plastic has the advantages of easy forming, strong toughness, impact resistance, high cost performance and the like, and the defects of poor weather resistance and surface hardness, and the surface of the ABS plastic is usually painted for decoration and protection. Compared with the high-gloss paint, the low-gloss paint is soft and convergent in visual effect, gives people an elegant and neat color experience, and is favored by consumers; the ABS cosmetic matte finish paint has the defects that the surface wear resistance is poor due to low gloss, and the appearance is affected because the surface of a coating film is easy to wear after a consumer uses the ABS cosmetic matte finish paint for a long time. The ABS plastic matte finishing paint in the cosmetic outer packaging market at present is mainly coated by a solvent type UV (ultraviolet curing) finishing paint, and the specific process is ABS plastic → pretreatment → spraying solvent type matte UV varnish → ultraviolet curing, wherein the VOC (volatile organic compound) of the solvent type matte UV varnish reaches 600-700 g/L. The ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish provided by the invention has the main process of ABS plastic → pretreatment → spraying water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish → ultraviolet curing, wherein the VOC (volatile organic Compounds) of the water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish is less than 200 g/L.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention provides a water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish for ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) substrates, which aims at solving the technical problems that the surface wear resistance is poor due to low gloss and the appearance is affected by easy wear of the surface of a coating after long-term use of a consumer.
The technical scheme is as follows: an ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-60% of 6-functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid, 10-20% of 2-functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid, 1-2% of aqueous dispersant, 3-5% of aqueous silicon dioxide, 5-10% of aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene wax dispersoid, 3-5% of aqueous nano aluminum oxide dispersoid, 0.2-0.5% of organic modified hectorite, 3-5% of film forming additive, 1-5% of photoinitiator, 0.5-1% of aqueous wetting agent, 0.2-0.5% of aqueous defoaming agent, 1-2% of aqueous thickening agent, 0.2-0.5% of ammonia neutralizer and the balance of deionized water.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the 6 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion to the 2 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion is as follows: (3-6): 1.
Preferably, the 6 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid and the 2 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid are prepared by reacting and polymerizing dipentaerythritol, dihydroxy sulfonate and isophorone diisocyanate serving as main monomers, and the coating film has the advantages of high reaction speed, high surface hardness, good water resistance and chemical resistance of the coating film, and strong toughness of the coating film due to compounding of the dipentaerythritol, the dihydroxy sulfonate and the isophorone diisocyanate.
Preferably, the aqueous silica is a surface organic modified silica matting powder having an average particle size of 4.2 μm, and has good solubility and dispersibility in water.
Preferably, the solid content of the aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene wax dispersoid is 55%, the average particle size is 5-7 microns, the melting point is 320 ℃, and the surface friction coefficient of a coating film can be reduced, and the smoothness of the surface of the coating film is improved.
Preferably, the aqueous nano-alumina dispersion is an alumina aqueous solution with the solid content of 30% and the average particle size of 80-100 nm, and the surface hardness of the coating can be greatly improved.
Preferably, the film-forming assistant is one or a mixture of several of diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether and tripropylene glycol butyl ether.
Preferably, the photoinitiator is one or a mixture of benzophenone, hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and acyl phosphorus oxide.
Preferably, the aqueous wetting agent is a polyether siloxane copolymer; the water-based defoaming agent is gas-phase silicon dioxide-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion, and has good coating construction and wettability, good coating surface smoothness and no defects.
Preferably, the water-based thickener is a high-shear compound low-shear polyether polyurethane associated rheological aid, and a coating film has good leveling property and sag resistance.
Preferably, the aqueous dispersant is a copolymer with pigment affinity groups, and has excellent viscosity reduction and wetting dispersion effects.
Preferably, the ammonia neutralizer adopts N, N-dimethylethanolamine, and has the advantages of medium volatilization rate and good storage stability.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention uses the 6 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid as the main resin, the main structure is formed by the reaction and neutralization of isophorone diisocyanate, polyethylene glycol 400 and pentaerythritol triacrylate, the coating reaction speed is high, the surface hardness and the chemical resistance are better, but the 6 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid has the defects of larger coating shrinkage and easy cracking phenomenon at high film thickness; therefore, the 2-functional water-based polyurethane acrylate dispersoid is compounded, the main structure of the dispersoid is formed by reacting and neutralizing hexamethylene diisocyanate, polycaprolactone diol and hydroxyethyl acrylate, the coating film has good flexibility and low curing shrinkage, and the phenomenon of high film thickness cracking is avoided; the optimal compounding ratio of the two is (3-6): 1, and the compounding of the two not only ensures the hardness and the chemical resistance of the coating, but also prevents the coating from cracking, thereby improving the toughness of the coating.
2. According to the invention, the aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion is used, the average particle size is 5-7 μm, the melting point is 320 ℃, the polytetrafluoroethylene with the main structure has the minimum surface tension of a solid material, and the dispersion can increase the smoothness of the surface of a coating film, so that the coating film has an extremely low friction coefficient; the average particle size of the aqueous nano-alumina dispersion is 80-100 nm, the Mohs hardness of alumina in a main body structure is 9.0, the dispersion can improve the surface hardness of a coating, and organic and inorganic compounding reduces the surface friction coefficient of the coating and improves the hardness and scratch resistance of the surface of the coating, so that the durable wear resistance of the surface of the coating is improved.
3. The VOC content of the ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish is less than 200g/L in a construction state, the coating has good adhesion, water resistance and chemical resistance, the gloss change of the coating is less than 3 degrees as tested by a specified wear-resistant tester, and the wear resistance of the coating is superior to that of a solvent-based matte UV varnish.
Detailed Description
Example 1
An ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of a 6 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion, 10% of a 2 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion, 1% of an aqueous dispersant, 4% of aqueous silica, 10% of an aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene wax dispersion, 5% of an aqueous nano-alumina dispersion, 0.2% of organically modified hectorite, 5% of diethylene glycol butyl ether, 2% of a mixture of benzophenone and hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 0.5% of a polyether siloxane copolymer, 0.2% of a gas-phase silica-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion, 1% of an aqueous thickener, 0.5% of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, and the balance being deionized water; wherein the water-based silicon dioxide is surface organic modified silicon dioxide matting powder with the average particle size of 4.2 mu m; the aqueous nano-alumina dispersion is an alumina aqueous solution with the solid content of 30% and the average particle size of 80-100 nm; the aqueous thickener is a high-shear compound low-shear polyether polyurethane associative rheological additive; the aqueous dispersant is a copolymer with pigment affinity groups; the ratio of benzophenone to hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone in the mixture of benzophenone and hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is 1: 1. the formulation according to the examples was prepared in the following way: taking a clean stainless steel container, keeping the ambient temperature at 25 ℃ and the humidity less than 60%, adding 6 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylic acid dispersoid, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 300r/min, slowly adding 2 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylic acid dispersoid, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 300r/min, slowly adding 50% by weight of deionized water, aqueous dispersant and 50% by weight of gas-phase silicon dioxide-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 300r/min, sequentially and slowly adding organic modified hectorite, aqueous silicon dioxide, aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene dispersoid and aqueous nano aluminum oxide dispersoid, stirring for 80min at a rotating speed of 1000r/min, testing the fineness by using a scraper finesse meter to be less than 10 mu m, pre-mixing 50% by weight of deionized water and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, slowly adding the mixture, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding a mixture of benzophenone and hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding a polyether siloxane copolymer and a gas-phase-containing silicon dioxide polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion with the weight of 50% of the formula, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding an aqueous thickening agent, adjusting the viscosity KU value to 50-55, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 700r/min and at a temperature of 25 ℃, finally adding an ammonia neutralizing agent to adjust the pH value to 7.5-8, stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 700r/min, cooling the coating at room temperature, detecting, filtering the coating twice by a 300-mesh filter screen, and packaging.
Example 2
An ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of a 6 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion, 10% of a 2 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion, 1% of an aqueous dispersant, 4% of aqueous silica, 5% of an aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene wax dispersion, 5% of an aqueous nano-alumina dispersion, 0.2% of organically modified hectorite, 5% of diethylene glycol ethyl ether, 2% of a mixture of benzophenone and hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 0.5% of a polyether siloxane copolymer, 0.2% of a gas phase silica-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion, 1% of an aqueous thickener, 0.5% of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, and the balance being deionized water; wherein the water-based silicon dioxide is surface organic modified silicon dioxide matting powder with the average particle size of 4.2 mu m; the aqueous nano-alumina dispersion is an alumina aqueous solution with the solid content of 30% and the average particle size of 80-100 nm; the aqueous thickener is a high-shear compound low-shear polyether polyurethane associative rheological additive; the aqueous dispersant is a copolymer with pigment affinity groups; the ratio of benzophenone to hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone in the mixture of benzophenone and hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone is 1: 1. the formulation according to the examples was prepared in the following way: taking a clean stainless steel container, keeping the ambient temperature at 25 ℃ and the humidity less than 60%, adding 6 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylic acid dispersoid, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 300r/min, slowly adding 2 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylic acid dispersoid, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 300r/min, slowly adding 50% by weight of deionized water, aqueous dispersant and 50% by weight of gas-phase silicon dioxide-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 300r/min, sequentially and slowly adding organic modified hectorite, aqueous silicon dioxide, aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene dispersoid and aqueous nano aluminum oxide dispersoid, stirring for 80min at a rotating speed of 1000r/min, testing the fineness by using a scraper finesse meter to be less than 10 mu m, pre-mixing 50% by weight of deionized water and diethylene glycol ethyl ether, slowly adding the mixture, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding a mixture of benzophenone and hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding a polyether siloxane copolymer and a gas-phase-containing silicon dioxide polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion with the weight of 50% of the formula, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding an aqueous thickening agent, adjusting the viscosity KU value to 50-55, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 700r/min and at a temperature of 25 ℃, finally adding an ammonia neutralizing agent to adjust the pH value to 7.5-8, stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 700r/min, cooling the coating at room temperature, detecting, filtering the coating twice by a 300-mesh filter screen, and packaging.
Example 3
An ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55% of 6 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion, 10% of 2 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion, 1% of aqueous dispersant, 4% of aqueous silica, 5% of aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene wax dispersion, 5% of aqueous nano-alumina dispersion, 0.2% of organic modified hectorite, 5% of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 2% of 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenyl phosphorus oxide dispersion, 0.5% of polyether siloxane copolymer, 0.2% of gas phase silicon dioxide-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion, 1% of aqueous thickener, 0.5% of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, and the balance of deionized water; wherein the water-based silicon dioxide is surface organic modified silicon dioxide matting powder with the average particle size of 4.2 mu m; the aqueous nano-alumina dispersion is an alumina aqueous solution with the solid content of 30% and the average particle size of 80-100 nm; the aqueous thickener is a high-shear compound low-shear polyether polyurethane associative rheological additive; the aqueous dispersant is a copolymer having pigment affinity groups.
The formulation according to the examples was prepared in the following way: taking a clean stainless steel container, keeping the ambient temperature at 25 ℃ and the humidity less than 60%, adding 6 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylic acid dispersoid, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 300r/min, slowly adding 2 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylic acid dispersoid, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 300r/min, slowly adding 50% by weight of deionized water, aqueous dispersant and 50% by weight of gas-phase silicon dioxide-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 300r/min, sequentially and slowly adding organic modified hectorite, aqueous silicon dioxide, aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene dispersoid and aqueous nano aluminum oxide dispersoid, stirring for 80min at a rotating speed of 1000r/min, testing the fineness by using a scraper finesse meter to be less than 10 mu m, pre-mixing 50% by weight of deionized water and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, slowly adding the mixture, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding acyl phosphorus oxides, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding a polyether siloxane copolymer and a gas-phase-containing silicon dioxide polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion with the weight of 50% of the formula, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding an aqueous thickening agent, adjusting the viscosity KU value to 50-55, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 700r/min and a temperature of 25 ℃, finally adding an ammonia neutralizing agent, adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8, stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 700r/min, cooling the coating at room temperature, detecting, filtering the coating with a 300-mesh filter screen twice, and packaging.
Example 4
An ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60% of 6 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion, 10% of 2 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersion, 1% of aqueous dispersant, 4% of aqueous silica, 5% of aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene wax dispersion, 5% of aqueous nano-alumina dispersion, 0.2% of organic modified hectorite, 5% of dipropylene glycol butyl ether, 2% of 2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenyl phosphorus oxide dispersion, 0.5% of polyether siloxane copolymer, 0.2% of gas phase silicon dioxide-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion, 1% of aqueous thickener, 0.5% of N, N-dimethylethanolamine, and the balance of deionized water; wherein the water-based silicon dioxide is surface organic modified silicon dioxide matting powder with the average particle size of 4.2 mu m; the aqueous nano-alumina dispersion is an alumina aqueous solution with the solid content of 30% and the average particle size of 80-100 nm; the aqueous thickener is a high-shear compound low-shear polyether polyurethane associative rheological additive; the aqueous dispersant is a copolymer having pigment affinity groups.
The formulation according to the examples was prepared in the following way: taking a clean stainless steel container, keeping the ambient temperature at 25 ℃ and the humidity less than 60%, adding 6 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylic acid dispersoid, stirring for 4min at the rotating speed of 300r/min, slowly adding 2 functional aqueous polyurethane acrylic acid dispersoid, stirring for 4min at the rotating speed of 300r/min, slowly adding 50% by weight of deionized water, aqueous dispersant and 50% by weight of gas-phase silicon dioxide-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion, stirring for 4min at the rotating speed of 300r/min, sequentially and slowly adding organic modified hectorite, aqueous silicon dioxide, aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene dispersoid and aqueous nano aluminum oxide dispersoid, stirring for 80min at the rotating speed of 1000r/min, testing the fineness by using a scraper finesse meter to be less than 10 mu m, pre-mixing 50% by weight of deionized water and dipropylene glycol butyl ether, slowly adding the mixture, stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding acyl phosphorus oxides, stirring for 4min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding a polyether siloxane copolymer and a gas-phase-containing silicon dioxide polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion with the weight of 50% of the formula, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 500r/min, slowly adding an aqueous thickening agent, adjusting the viscosity KU value to 50-55, stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 700r/min and a temperature of 25 ℃, finally adding an ammonia neutralizing agent, adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8, stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 700r/min, cooling the coating at room temperature, detecting, filtering the coating with a 300-mesh filter screen twice, and packaging.
The ABS base material water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish obtained by the above embodiment and the preparation method is sprayed on a cosmetic ABS base material and cured by ultraviolet light, and the performance parameters of the coating are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Claims (10)
1. The ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 50-60% of 6-functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid, 10-20% of 2-functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid, 1-2% of aqueous dispersant, 3-5% of aqueous silicon dioxide, 5-10% of aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene wax dispersoid, 3-5% of aqueous nano aluminum oxide dispersoid, 0.2-0.5% of organic modified hectorite, 3-5% of film forming additive, 1-5% of photoinitiator, 0.5-1% of aqueous wetting agent, 0.2-0.5% of aqueous defoaming agent, 1-2% of aqueous thickening agent, 0.2-0.5% of ammonia neutralizer and the balance of deionized water.
2. The preparation method of the ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the 6 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid to the 2 functional group aqueous polyurethane acrylate dispersoid is as follows: (3-6): 1.
3. The ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish according to claim 1, wherein: the water-based silicon dioxide is surface organic modified silicon dioxide matting powder with the average particle size of 4.2 mu m.
4. The ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish according to claim 1, wherein: the aqueous nano-alumina dispersion is an alumina aqueous solution with the solid content of 30% and the average particle size of 80-100 nm.
5. The ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish according to claim 1, wherein: the film-forming auxiliary agent is one or a mixture of several of diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether and tripropylene glycol butyl ether.
6. The preparation method of the ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the photoinitiator is one or a mixture of benzophenone, hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and acyl phosphorus oxide.
7. The preparation method of the ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the aqueous wetting agent is a polyether siloxane copolymer; the aqueous defoaming agent is gas-phase silicon dioxide-containing polyether siloxane copolymer emulsion.
8. The preparation method of the ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the aqueous thickener is a high-shear compound low-shear polyether polyurethane associative rheological additive.
9. The preparation method of the ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the aqueous dispersant is a copolymer with pigment affinity groups.
10. The ABS substrate water-based matte wear-resistant UV varnish according to claim 1, wherein: the ammonia neutralizer adopts N, N-dimethylethanolamine.
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CN116285648A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-06-23 | 苏州市贝特利高分子材料股份有限公司 | High-wear-resistance water-based matte UV varnish and preparation method thereof |
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CN107141913A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-09-08 | 河北晨阳工贸集团有限公司 | High abrasion, high rigidity keyboard water paint and preparation method |
CN110437729A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-11-12 | 深圳市美丽华科技股份有限公司 | A kind of aqueous UV plastic coating and the preparation method and application thereof |
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CN107141913A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-09-08 | 河北晨阳工贸集团有限公司 | High abrasion, high rigidity keyboard water paint and preparation method |
CN110437729A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-11-12 | 深圳市美丽华科技股份有限公司 | A kind of aqueous UV plastic coating and the preparation method and application thereof |
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CN116285648A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-06-23 | 苏州市贝特利高分子材料股份有限公司 | High-wear-resistance water-based matte UV varnish and preparation method thereof |
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