CN114409928A - 一种高弹性模量的聚合物水凝胶及其制备方法和其应用 - Google Patents
一种高弹性模量的聚合物水凝胶及其制备方法和其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高弹性模量的聚合物水凝胶,由多糖和多价金属离子交联而成,多价金属离子与多糖的重量比为0.01‑1%:1,所述水凝胶的弹性模量不低于1000kPa,优选为不低于3000kpa。本发明通过将多糖在醇水溶液的作用下空间结构半舒展完成分子内的交联,再加入多价金属离子实现多糖与金属离子分子间交联,内外兼顾,制得的水凝胶在酸性和弱碱性条件下均具有较高的溶胀率,膨胀时间短(30min达到溶胀平衡),膨胀持续时间长(溶胀率不低于80g/g时间不低于3h)。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及一种高耐酸性能的聚合物水凝胶及其制备方法和其应用。
背景技术
聚合物凝胶是由三维网络结构的聚合物和溶胀介质构成,网络可以吸收介质而溶胀。以水为溶胀介质的凝胶称为聚合物水凝胶(Hydrogel)。聚合物水凝胶的三维网络结构一般通过化学交联、物理交联、化学/物理交联形成。聚合物水凝胶遇水溶胀的特性使其在胃肠道部位也会因吸收体液而溶胀,进而占据胃部、肠道的容积。因此,聚合物水凝胶常被用于胃肠道的填充剂,以增加饱腹感,因此常被用于制备减肥药物。
现有技术通常是先将多糖与交联剂交联,再通过溶解、极性溶剂(如水、丙酮、乙醇)浸泡洗涤、干燥等工艺获得聚合物水凝胶。但通常存在两个问题,一是多糖与交联剂较难混合均匀,导致溶胀率和弹性模量不高,二是在溶解、洗涤过程不仅会消耗大量的水(约为凝胶本身初始体积的10-20倍),导致后续干燥时间延长,生产效率较低。因此需进一步研究高溶胀率、高弹性模量和高效生产的聚合物水凝胶制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高弹性模量的聚合物水凝胶,由多糖和多价金属离子交联而成,多价金属离子与多糖的重量比为0.01-1%:1,所述水凝胶的弹性模量不低于1000kPa,优选为不低于3000kpa。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述水凝胶在pH 1.5-3中的溶胀率不低于80g/g,优选不低于100g/g。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述水凝胶在pH6-8条件下溶胀率不低于90g/g,优选不低于100g/g。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述多糖选自纤维素及其衍生物、半纤维素及其衍生物、淀粉及其衍生物、果胶及其衍生物、壳聚糖及其衍生物、肝素及其衍生物、硫酸软骨素及其衍生物、琼脂及其衍生物、海藻酸及其衍生物、角叉藻聚糖及其衍生物、D-葡聚糖及其衍生物、D-半乳聚糖及其衍生物、甘露聚糖及其衍生物、右旋糖酐及其衍生物、黄原胶及其衍生物中的任一种或其组合。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述多糖选自羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基壳聚糖、羧甲基淀粉、羧甲基葡聚糖。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述多价金属离子选自二价金属阳离子、三价金属阳离子、四价金属阳离子中的任一种或其组合。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述多价金属离子选自Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Pb2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Al3+、Cr3+、Zr4+中的任一种或其组合。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述水凝胶由羧甲基纤维素及其盐和Fe3+交联而成,Fe3+与羧甲基纤维素及其盐的重量比为0.01-1%:1。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述水凝胶的制备方法包括下述步骤:
(1)将醇水溶液、多价金属离子盐溶液与多糖混合后制成湿颗粒;所述多价金属离子盐与多糖的重量比为0.01-1%:1,所述醇水溶液和多糖的重量比为1-10:1;
(2)将制成的湿颗粒在40-140℃干燥8-24h,即得。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述醇水溶液的浓度为1-30%(w/w),优选为5-25%(w/w),优选为8-15%(w/w)。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述醇水溶液和多糖的重量比为2-8:1,优选为3-5:1。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述醇为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇中的任一种或其组合。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述多价金属离子盐溶液的浓度为0.01-1%,优选为0.05-0.8%,优选为0.1-0.5%。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述多价金属离子盐与多糖的重量比为0.05-0.8%:1,优选为0.1-0.5%:1。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述干燥分为二次干燥。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述一次干燥温度为50-70℃。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述二次干燥温度为120-130℃。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述一次干燥时间为6-15h,优选为8-10h。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述二次干燥时间为1-8h,优选为2-4h。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述步骤(1)或步骤(2)的粉碎至过20目筛,优选为过40目。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种高弹性模量的聚合物水凝胶的制备方法,所述水凝胶由多糖和金属离子交联而成,金属离子与多糖的重量比为0.01-1%:1,所述水凝胶在模拟胃液中的溶胀率不低于80g/g,弹性模量不低于1000kPa,所述水凝胶的制备方法具体包括:
(1)将醇水溶液、多价金属离子盐溶液与多糖混合后制成湿颗粒;所述多价金属离子盐与多糖的重量比为0.01-1%:1,所述醇水溶液和多糖的重量比为1-10:1;
(2)将制成的湿颗粒在40-140℃干燥8-24h,即得。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述醇水溶液的浓度为1-30%(w/w),优选为5-25%(w/w),优选为8-15%(w/w)。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述醇水溶液和多糖的重量比为2-8:1,优选为3-5:1。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述醇为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇中的任一种或其组合。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述多价金属离子盐溶液的浓度为0.01-1%,优选为0.05-0.8%,优选为0.1-0.5%。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述多价金属离子盐与多糖的重量比为0.05-0.8%:1,优选为0.1-0.5%:1。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述干燥分为二次干燥。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述一次干燥温度为50-70℃。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述二次干燥温度为120-130℃。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述一次干燥时间为6-15h,优选为8-10h。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述二次干燥时间为1-8h,优选为2-4h。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述步骤(1)或步骤(2)的粉碎至过20目筛,优选为过40目。
本发明的另一目的在于提供本发明所述的高弹性模量和高溶胀率的聚合物水凝胶用于制备保持饱腹感制品中的应用。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述保持饱腹感制品包括用于治疗肥胖、减少食物或卡路里摄取的药品、保健品中的任一种。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述保持饱腹感制品的用量为每日1-2次,每次1.5-4.5g。
本发明的另一目的在于提供本发明所述的高弹性模量和高溶胀率的聚合物水凝胶用于制备与水溶液接触时能够溶胀的吸收性材料的用途。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述应用包括用于制备药物缓释剂、农业、水处理中的任一种。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述应用包括从身体除去水或水溶液的装置和药物、用于农业中控制释放水、营养物或植物药物的装置、用于个人和家庭卫生的吸收性产品、与水或水溶液接触时改变其大小的玩具和装置、生物医学装置、和能够在眼科学中缓慢释放液体的聚合物膜中的任一种。
本发明优选的技术方案,所述应用包括减慢葡萄糖运输,由此降低血糖峰值。
除非另有说明,本发明涉及液体与液体之间的百分比时,所述的百分比为体积/体积百分比;本发明涉及液体与固体之间的百分比时,所述百分比为体积/重量百分比;本发明涉及固体与液体之间的百分比时,所述百分比为重量/体积百分比;其余为重量/重量百分比。
除非另有说明,本发明采用下述检测方法:
1.溶胀率(Q)
取样品1.0g,精密称定,记作W0。将样品转移至500mL烧杯中,加入200mL模拟胃液(pH2)或模拟肠液(pH6.8),置于37℃恒温水浴锅中溶胀一定时间。称出不锈钢筛的质量W1,将吸水后的样品倒入40目筛中,滤水,静置10min,称重W2,结果按下式计算:
2.弹性模量(E)
称取3g的样品,置于2000L烧杯中,加入1L溶胀介质,玻璃棒搅拌使其分散,然后室温静置溶胀30min。用不锈钢筛过滤,倾斜滤水10min,取筛网上凝胶颗粒装入100ml注射器中,体积约50ml。在初始负荷(注射器推杆)下保持5min以挤出凝胶表面及颗粒间的水分,记录初始体积V0,然后增加负荷至Wi,并保持5min后记录相应的体积Hi。作应力(Wi/A)(A为100ml注射器内横截面积)对应变(Vi/V0)图,斜率即为该凝胶的体积模量。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有下述有益技术效果:
1、本发明通过将多糖在醇水溶液的作用下空间结构半舒展完成分子内的交联,再加入多价金属离子实现多糖与金属离子分子间交联,内外兼顾,制得的水凝胶在酸性和弱碱性条件下均具有较高的溶胀率,膨胀时间短(30min达到溶胀平衡),膨胀持续时间长(溶胀率不低于80g/g时间不低于5h)。
2、本发明制备工艺简单,干燥时间显著缩短(8-12h),无工业废水产生,生产效率高,同时不使用柠檬酸,用于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1本发明制备聚合物水凝胶的工艺流程图
图2实施例2制备的聚合物水凝胶的SEM图
图3实施例1-3、对比例1-2制备的聚合物水凝胶在pH 2和pH 6.8条件下的30min溶胀率对比
图4实施例1-3、对比例1-2制备的聚合物水凝胶的弹性模量对比
图5实施例1-3、对比例1-2制备的聚合物水凝胶的膨胀持续时间对比
具体实施方式
以下参照实施例说明本发明,但本发明不局限于实施例。
实施例1本发明聚合物水凝胶的制备
(1)将1kg乙醇、12kg纯化水混合均匀,配成醇水溶液;将6g三氯化铁、6kg纯化水配成三氯化铁溶液;将醇水溶液、三氯化铁溶液与6kg羧甲基纤维素钠制成湿颗粒;
(2)将湿颗粒在70℃下一次干燥8h,然后120℃下二次干燥2h,即得。
实施例2本发明聚合物水凝胶的制备
(1)将1kg乙醇、12kg纯化水混合均匀,配成醇水溶液;将6g三氯化铁、6kg纯化水配成三氯化铁溶液;将醇水溶液、三氯化铁溶液与与6kg羧甲基纤维素钠混合制成湿颗粒;
(2)将湿颗粒在80℃下一次干燥8h,然后130℃下二次干燥2h,即得。水凝胶的SEM图详见图2。
实施例3本发明聚合物水凝胶的制备
(1)将2kg乙醇、16kg纯化水混合均匀,配成醇水溶液;将6g三氯化铁、6g氯化亚铁、6kg纯化水配成铁离子溶液;将醇水溶液、铁离子溶液与6kg羧甲基纤维素钠混合制成湿颗粒;
(2)将湿颗粒在70℃下一次干燥8h,然后130℃下二次干燥2h,即得。
实施例4本发明聚合物水凝胶的制备
(1)将1kg乙醇、12kg纯化水混合均匀,配成醇水溶液;将6g三氯化铁、6kg纯化水配成三氯化铁溶液;将醇水溶液、三氯化铁溶液与6kg羧甲基葡聚糖混合制成湿颗粒;
(2)将湿颗粒在70℃下一次干燥8h,然后110℃下二次干燥2h,即得。
实施例5本发明聚合物水凝胶的制备
(1)将1kg乙醇、12kg纯化水混合均匀,配成醇水溶液;将6g氯化钙、6kg纯化水配成氯化钙溶液;将醇水溶液、氯化钙溶液与6kg羧甲基壳聚糖混合制成湿颗粒;
(2)将湿颗粒在70℃下一次干燥8h,然后120℃下二次干燥2h,即得。
实施例6本发明聚合物水凝胶的制备
(1)将3kg乙醇、21kg纯化水混合均匀,配成醇水溶液;将6g三氯化铁、6kg纯化水配成三氯化铁溶液;将醇水溶液、三氯化铁溶液与6kg羧甲基纤维素钠混合,制成湿颗粒;
(2)将湿颗粒在70℃下一次干燥10h,然后130℃下二次干燥2h,即得。
对比例1
(1)将1kg乙醇、12kg纯化水混合均匀,配成醇水溶液,与6kg羧甲基纤维素钠制成湿颗粒,在70℃下干燥8h,粉碎,得到混合物;
(2)将6g三氯化铁、6kg纯化水配成铁溶液,喷入第(1)步所得的混合物中,在120℃下干燥4h,即得。
对比例2
(1)称取纯化水90kg,投入到不锈钢桶中,开启搅拌,将柠檬酸0.54g投入纯化水中搅拌5分钟,投入羧甲基纤维素钠2.7kg,溶解,120℃干燥24小时,将待粉碎的物料过40目筛粉碎;
(2)称取8.1g的三氯化铁,配成三氯化铁水溶液,与颗粒均匀混合,平铺在烘盘中,100℃干燥8h,即得。
试验例1
检测实施例1-3、对比例1-2制备的聚合物水凝胶在模拟胃液(pH2)和pH 6.8中的30min溶胀率、弹性模量以及在模拟胃液中的膨胀持续时间,膨胀持续时间指聚合物水凝胶在模拟胃液中溶胀率不低于80g/g持续的时间,见图3-5。
以上对本发明具体实施方式的描述并不限制本发明,本领域技术人员可以根据本发明作出各种改变或变形,只要不脱离本发明的精神,均应属于本发明权利要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种高弹性模量的聚合物水凝胶,其特征在于,由多糖和多价金属离子交联而成,多价金属离子与多糖的重量比为0.01-1%:1,所述水凝胶的弹性模量不低于1000kPa,优选为不低于3000kpa。
2.如权利要求1所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述水凝胶在Ph 1.5-3中的溶胀率不低于80g/g,优选不低于100g/g,所述水凝胶在pH6-8条件下溶胀率不低于90g/g,优选不低于100g/g。
3.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述多糖选自纤维素及其衍生物、半纤维素及其衍生物、淀粉及其衍生物、果胶及其衍生物、壳聚糖及其衍生物、肝素及其衍生物、硫酸软骨素及其衍生物、琼脂及其衍生物、海藻酸及其衍生物、角叉藻聚糖及其衍生物、D-葡聚糖及其衍生物、D-半乳聚糖及其衍生物、甘露聚糖及其衍生物、右旋糖酐及其衍生物、黄原胶及其衍生物中的任一种或其组合,优选所述多糖选自羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基壳聚糖、羧甲基淀粉、羧甲基葡聚糖。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述多价金属离子选自二价金属阳离子、三价金属阳离子、四价金属阳离子中的任一种或其组合,优选所述多价金属离子选自Mg 2+、Ca 2+、Ba 2+、Cu 2+、Ni 2+、Zn 2+、Pb 2+、Fe 2+、Fe 3+、Al 3+、Cr 3+、Zr 4+中的任一种或其组合。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的水凝胶,其特征在于,所述水凝胶由羧甲基纤维素及其盐和Fe 3+交联而成,Fe3+与羧甲基纤维素及其盐的重量比为0.01-1%:1。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的高弹性模量的聚合物水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水凝胶由多糖和金属离子交联而成,金属离子与多糖的重量比为0.01-1%:1,所述水凝胶在模拟胃液中的溶胀率不低于80g/g,弹性模量不低于1000kPa,所述水凝胶的制备方法具体包括:
(1)将醇水溶液、多价金属离子盐溶液与多糖混合后制成湿颗粒;所述多价金属离子盐与多糖的重量比为0.01-1%:1,所述醇水溶液和多糖的重量比为1-10:1;
(2)将制成的湿颗粒在40-140℃干燥8-24h,即得。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述醇水溶液和多糖的重量比为2-8:1,优选为3-5:1,优选所述醇为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇中的任一种或其组合。
8.如权利要求6-7任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述多价金属离子盐与多糖的重量比为0.05-0.8%:1,优选为0.1-0.5%:1。
9.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的聚合物水凝胶或如权利要求6-8任一项所述的方法制备得到的聚合物水凝胶用于制备保持饱腹感制品中的应用。
10.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的聚合物水凝胶或如权利要求6-8任一项所述的方法制备得到的聚合物水凝胶用于制备与水溶液接触时能够溶胀的吸收性材料的用途。
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