CN114409233A - Glass block forming device and forming method thereof - Google Patents
Glass block forming device and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114409233A CN114409233A CN202210125694.6A CN202210125694A CN114409233A CN 114409233 A CN114409233 A CN 114409233A CN 202210125694 A CN202210125694 A CN 202210125694A CN 114409233 A CN114409233 A CN 114409233A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/02—Other methods of shaping glass by casting molten glass, e.g. injection moulding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
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Abstract
The invention provides a glass block forming device capable of improving the fluidity and the temperature field uniformity of molten glass in the forming process. The discharging pipe passes through the top of the soaking cover and enters a forming space formed by the soaking cover and the forming die; the forming die is positioned right below the soaking cover; the heat dissipation bracket is arranged below the forming die; the transfer device is positioned at the lower part of the heat dissipation bracket and used for supporting and transferring the heat dissipation bracket and the forming die; the lifting device is positioned below the transfer device and used for supporting and controlling the up-and-down movement speed of the forming die, the heat dissipation support and the transfer device. The invention improves the heat dissipation rate of the central area of the bottom die, reduces the heat dissipation rate of the edge area of the bottom die, is beneficial to improving the temperature field uniformity of the bottom die, improves the temperature uniformity of radial flow in the forming flow of glass liquid, is beneficial to controlling bubbles formed by micro-pores at a contact interface and the growth overflow speed of the bubbles when the inner surface of the bottom die is contacted with the glass liquid, and avoids the defect that the interface bubbles enter the glass liquid to form forming bubbles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forming device of a glass block material and a forming method for improving the uniformity of molten glass in the forming process by the forming device.
Background
The large-caliber glass block is applied to the astronomical observation field of large telescopes, reflectors and the like due to the advantages of large monomer size, good optical property, strong chemical stability, controlled expansibility and the like. The production process flow of the glass is similar to that of the production of common optical glass, and the glass still needs to undergo main thermal processes such as powder melting, clarification, homogenization, molding, cooling and the like so as to obtain a large glass product, but in the process, the process conditions are more rigorous compared with the common glass, wherein the molding process of the large-caliber glass block material is crucial, the process determines the appearance and the size of a final product, and simultaneously the internal quality of the glass can be influenced. Therefore, in order to obtain a large-diameter glass product meeting the final use requirement, a proper forming method needs to be selected to ensure the glass forming quality and the material utilization rate.
At present, the forming method for producing large-diameter lump glass can be divided into two types: the first type continues to use the optical glass strip material mode, the glass liquid is drawn by a forming device consisting of a discharge pipe, a plug, a side mold, a bottom mold, a mesh belt furnace and the like, so that a continuous strip material product is obtained, and after the glass is cooled, the glass is cut into required lump materials; the other forming method is to adopt a lost casting method to form the glass lump material, manufacture related moulds according to the shape of the glass to be formed, directly fill glass liquid into the inner space of the mould from the discharge pipe to finish the forming of the glass lump material, transfer the mould and the inner glass liquid to the next link after forming one lump material, and start the lost casting forming of the next piece of glass when a new mould enters the lower part of the discharge pipe. The two forming modes have advantages and disadvantages, the strip material production type forming has the advantages of stable forming process, simple operation, good product appearance consistency and the like, and the leaky casting forming has flexible product appearance and high material utilization rate, and can produce glass blocks with various shapes, such as square, cylindrical, even elliptic cylinder and the like; in addition, the leaky casting molding is directly molded according to blocks without drawing glass during short-time large-flow molding, and has unique advantages in material utilization rate. Therefore, in the production process of the batch type kiln, when large-caliber lump glass with the diameter of more than 500mm is formed, the leaky casting forming mode is preferably selected.
In the related research of the prior document on the slip casting, CN1778735B provides a solution to the problem of non-uniformity in the process of casting and forming glass by a metal mold lined with ceramic thermal insulator, while CN105948463B solves the problems of glass forming stripes and easy crystallization by means of offsetting a discharge pipe, arranging a preheating system and the like; CN104891787B adopts a bottom fire head, a preheating system and the like to form a forming device to solve the problems of glass stripes, uniformity and the like in forming. It can be seen from literature data that the flow uniformity and temperature field uniformity of glass directly affect the internal quality and external shape of a formed product in the process of lost casting, the effect of improving the temperature field uniformity by adopting a preheating mode, a bottom fire head, a ceramic insulator and the like is relatively limited, the problems of forming interface bubbles, mold fracture and the like caused by overhigh local temperature of a mold in the forming process of the glass are easily caused by preheating the mold, and the problem of local stress concentration of a subsequent product caused by the formation of bubbles and the induction of glass liquid crystallization due to the large and large gaps of the interface between the glass and the glass liquid and the influence on the product quality even the problem of explosion cracking of the glass in the subsequent annealing process is easily caused by adding a substrate material with low thermal conductivity on the surface in contact with the glass liquid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forming device of glass blocks, which can improve the fluidity and the temperature field uniformity of molten glass in the forming process.
The invention also provides a forming method for improving the uniformity of the molten glass in the process of the lost foam forming of the glass.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the glass lump material forming device comprises a discharging pipe, a soaking cover, a forming mold, a radiating support, a transferring device and a lifting device, wherein the discharging pipe penetrates through the top of the soaking cover and enters a forming space formed by the soaking cover and the forming mold; the forming die is positioned right below the soaking cover; the heat dissipation bracket is placed below the forming die; the transfer device is positioned at the lower part of the heat dissipation bracket and used for supporting and transferring the heat dissipation bracket and the forming die; the lifting device is positioned below the transfer device and used for supporting and controlling the up-and-down movement speed of the forming die, the heat dissipation support and the transfer device.
Furthermore, the center lines of the discharging pipe, the soaking cover, the forming die, the radiating support and the transfer device are overlapped, and/or the centers of gravity of the discharging pipe, the soaking cover, the forming die, the radiating support and the transfer device are on the same straight line.
Further, the discharging pipe is of a three-layer structure and is respectively as follows: the fireproof composite plate comprises an inner layer, an outer layer and a middle layer, wherein the inner layer and the outer layer are made of metal materials, and the middle layer is a fireproof material layer.
Furthermore, the soaking cover comprises metal frame, heat preservation and heating element soaking cover central point puts and is provided with the round hole, the discharging pipe passes the round hole gets into the shaping space, heating element sets up on soaking cover top and lateral wall region, the heat preservation sets up on the metal frame.
Further, the forming die comprises a side die and a bottom die, and the bottom die is formed by splicing the bottom die a, the bottom die b, the bottom die c, the bottom die d and a bolt.
Further, forming die comprises side form and die block, the side form comprises fibre paper and metal sheet, the die block comprises fibre paper and metal sheet, fibre paper sets up at side form metal sheet surface and die block metal sheet surface.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the bottom die is divided into a central area and an edge area, the central area is free of fiber paper, and the surface of the edge area is paved with fiber paper.
Furthermore, the area ratio of the central area to the edge area is 1:2-3:1, and the thickness of the fiber paper on the surface of the side die is not less than that of the edge area of the bottom die.
Furthermore, the fiber paper is made of materials with alumina, zirconia and silicon carbide as main components, preferably, the fiber paper is made of the alumina as the main component, the content of the alumina is not lower than 30%, and preferably, the content of the alumina is higher than 40%; the fiber paper containerThe weight is 0.1-0.3g/cm3(ii) a The thickness of the fiber paper is less than 15 mm.
Further, the heat dissipation support is formed by connecting a radial support and an annular support, the hollow-out portion between the radial support and the annular support is a heat dissipation hole, the most central hole is a material leakage hole, and the heat dissipation support is divided into a central area and an edge area and is matched with the corresponding area of the bottom die.
Furthermore, the edge area of the heat dissipation support is composed of a radial support, an annular support and heat dissipation holes, bosses are arranged on the radial support and the annular support, and the central area of the heat dissipation support is composed of the radial support, the annular support, the heat dissipation holes and material leakage holes; the upper surfaces of the bosses in the edge area are flush with the upper surface of the central area, and the bosses penetrate through the fiber paper and are contacted with the metal plate of the bottom die; the sectional area of each boss is smaller than or equal to the sectional area of a groove formed between two adjacent bosses.
Further, the integral deformation of the upper surface of the heat dissipation bracket after being stressed is not higher than 10mm, and preferably the deformation is less than 5 mm; the central area of the radiating bracket is made of a material with a thermal conductivity coefficient not lower than 20W/(m.DEG C) within the temperature range of 400-900 ℃, and the preferred thermal conductivity coefficient is more than 70W/(m.DEG C); the heat conductivity coefficient of the edge area of the heat dissipation bracket is not higher than that of the central area in the temperature range of 400-900 ℃.
Further, the heat dissipation bracket is of a circular structure or a square structure; the heat dissipation support is of a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
Further, the transfer device is composed of a transport support and a transport track.
A method of forming a glass block forming apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
1) transferring the heat dissipation bracket and the forming die which are fixed on the transportation bracket to a process position below the discharge pipe through a transportation rail; lifting the heat dissipation bracket and the forming die to a process requirement height by using a lifting device; controlling the current of the inner pipe wall of the discharge pipe through the electrified current, so that the contact interface of the molten glass and the discharge pipe generates heat, and the temperature of the molten glass in the discharge pipe is controlled within the process temperature range;
2) opening the heating element at the top of the soaking cover and the heating element at the side wall to ensure that the temperature of the inner space of the soaking cover meets the process requirement;
3) the glass liquid free liquid column flows from the center to the periphery of the bottom die by contacting the surface of the bottom die and is gradually spread on the surface of the bottom die, the lifting device is controlled to slowly descend, the glass liquid continuously diffuses outwards and gradually becomes thick in the forming space, and the forming is finished after the required thickness is reached;
4) the lifting device is controlled to rapidly descend, the forming mold, the heat dissipation support and the transportation support descend together, the transportation support is in contact with the transportation rail after the lifting device descends to a certain height, the lifting device is separated from the transportation support when the lifting device continues descending, and then the forming mold, the heat dissipation support and the transportation support bearing the glass lump materials are rapidly transferred to the next process link through the transportation rail to be cooled.
Further, the distance between the pipe orifice of the discharging pipe in the step 1) and the surface of the bottom die is 30-200mm, and the preferable distance is 50-100 mm; the distance between the pipe orifice of the discharge pipe in the step 3) and the free liquid level of the glass liquid is 30-200mm, and the preferred distance is 50-100 mm.
Further, the descending speed of the lifting device in the step 3) is not more than 25 mm/min; the descending speed of the step 4) is not lower than 10 cm/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the heat transfer characteristic in the glass lump material forming process, the design of the forming die and the structure of the heat dissipation bracket are improved, so that the purpose of optimizing the heat transfer of the lower surface and the side surface of the glass liquid in the forming process is achieved, and the fluidity and the temperature field uniformity of the glass liquid in the forming process are improved; the structure optimization effectively improves the heat dissipation rate of the central area of the bottom die, reduces the heat dissipation speed of the edge area of the bottom die, and is beneficial to improving the uniformity of the temperature field of the bottom die, thereby improving the temperature uniformity of radial flow in the glass liquid forming flow; the improvement of the temperature field uniformity of the bottom die effectively reduces the problems of deformation, fracture, increased gaps and the like caused by local high temperature of the bottom die due to the concentrated heat of the glass liquid in the forming process, is also beneficial to controlling bubbles formed by micro-pores at a contact interface and the growth overflow speed of the bubbles when the inner surface of the bottom die is contacted with the glass liquid, and avoids the defect that the interface bubbles enter the glass liquid to form forming bubbles, thereby improving the quality qualification rate of formed products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bottom mold according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a molding die according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a circular heat dissipation bracket of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a square heat dissipation bracket of the device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The glass block forming device comprises a discharge pipe 1, a soaking cover 2, a forming mold 3, a heat dissipation support 4, a transfer device 5 and a lifting device 6, and is shown in figure 1. The discharging pipe 1 penetrates through the top of the soaking cover through a round hole of the soaking cover to enter a forming space 7 formed by the soaking cover 2 and the forming mold 3, and a pipe orifice of the discharging pipe keeps a certain distance from the upper surface of a bottom mold of the forming mold 3 all the time; the forming die 3 is positioned under the soaking hood 2, and the glass liquid is shaped in the forming space 7 after flowing out of the discharging pipe 1; the heat dissipation bracket 4 is placed below the bottom of the forming mold 3, is used for balancing heat loss of each area of the lower surface of the bottom mold of the forming mold 3, bears the pressure of the forming mold 3 and the formed glass liquid, and prevents the surface of the glass from being subjected to tensile stress and cracks caused by deformation of the forming mold 3 after forming; the transfer device 5 is positioned at the lower part of the heat dissipation support 4, provides structural support for the heat dissipation support 4 and the forming die 3, and simultaneously transfers the heat dissipation support 4, the forming die 3 and the formed molten glass according to the process requirements; the lifting device 6 is positioned at the lowest part of the whole forming device, provides continuous support for the upper structure and controls the up-and-down movement speed of the upper structure according to the process requirements.
In the invention, the central lines of the discharging pipe 1, the soaking cover 2, the forming die 3, the radiating bracket 4 and the transfer device 5 are preferably superposed, and when the centers of gravity of the discharging pipe 1, the soaking cover 2, the forming die 3, the radiating bracket 4 and the transfer device 5 are on the same straight line, the forming device is in the best working state.
Discharging pipe 1 is three layer construction, does respectively: the inner layer 11, the outer layer 12 and the middle layer 13, wherein the inner layer 11 and the outer layer 12 are made of metal materials, and the middle layer 13 is a refractory material layer. When the device works, the outer-layer metal and the inner-layer metal are connected to form a power-on loop, and after the inner-layer metal and the outer-layer metal are powered on, the contact interface between the inner-layer metal and glass liquid of the discharge pipe generates heat, so that heat supply is provided for the glass liquid 8 flowing in the discharge pipe 1.
Soaking cover 2 comprises metal frame 21, heat preservation 22 and heating element 23, is provided with the round hole in soaking cover 2 central point, and discharging pipe 1 passes this round hole and gets into shaping space 7. The metal frame 21 forms a framework of the soaking cover 2, and the metal frame 21 is used for keeping a stressed structure of the soaking cover 2 from deforming in the glass metal forming process; the heating elements 23 are arranged on the top and the side wall regions of the soaking cover according to a certain rule, and the heating elements 23 can supply heat to the forming space 7 after heating; the heat insulation layer 22 is arranged on the metal frame 21, so that heat loss of the forming space can be greatly reduced.
The forming mold 3 is composed of a side mold 31 and a bottom mold 32, the glass liquid flow is limited by the side mold 31 and the bottom mold 32 during the forming process, the glass liquid is continuously piled up in the space formed by the side mold 31 and the bottom mold 32, and the forming is finished until the required forming thickness is reached. In the process, the side die 31 has the function of limiting the horizontal flow of the molten glass and controlling the heat dissipation of the molten glass on the outer surface of the side surface; the bottom mold 32 is mainly used for limiting the flow of the molten glass in the vertical direction and controlling the heat dissipation of the molten glass to the bottom. The side mold 31 and the bottom mold 32 are made of heat-resistant metal material, preferably heat-resistant stainless steel or cast iron material. The shape of the side die 31 can be determined according to the external shape of the glass to be finally formed, the side die 31 is preferably made of a metal plate with the thickness of 3-10mm, and the height of the side die 31 is preferably within 100mm higher than the final thickness of the glass block to be formed. The bottom die 32 is preferably made of a metal plate with the thickness of 20-40mm, and is preferably formed by uniformly splicing a plurality of metal plates, so that the problems of deformation, fracture, large gaps and the like caused by local high temperature of the bottom die 32 due to heat concentration of molten glass in the forming process can be effectively reduced.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the bottom mold 32 is composed of a bottom mold a, a bottom mold b, a bottom mold c, a bottom mold d, and a plug 9. The bottom die a, the bottom die b, the bottom die c, the bottom die d and the plug pins 9 are spliced with one another, and each assembly has a radial free expansion condition, so that the deformation of the bottom die in the process control range when the bottom die is heated and expanded at high temperature is ensured. Before the forming is started, the plug pin 9 is pushed outwards, so that a central hole is formed in the center of the bottom die a, the bottom die b, the bottom die c, the bottom die d and the plug pin 9, the glass liquid flows downwards from the central hole, the flowing glass liquid is recovered on the transfer device 5, after the formal forming is started, the plug pin 9 is pushed towards the center so as to close the central hole, the flowing of the glass is cut off, and meanwhile, the glass liquid is accumulated on the bottom die 32 and flows in a divergent mode towards the periphery.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the forming mold 3 is composed of a side mold 31 and a bottom mold 32, wherein the side mold 31 is composed of a fiber paper 33 and a heat-resistant metal plate, the bottom mold 32 is composed of a fiber paper 33 and a heat-resistant metal plate, and the fiber paper 33 is disposed on the outer surface of the metal plate of the side mold and the outer surface of the metal plate of the bottom mold. The outer surface of the bottom mold is divided into a central area and an edge area, wherein the central area is free of the fiber paper 33, and the surface of the edge area is paved with the fiber paper 33. The fiber paper 33 does not contact the molten glass 8 during the forming process, and the fiber paper 33 can reduce heat loss on the side die 31 and the bottom die 32 during the molten glass forming process.
Through specific experiments, the adopted fiber paper 33 can be made of materials with alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide and the like as main components, and preferably, the fiber paper is made of the alumina as the main component, wherein the content of the alumina in the materials is not lower than 30%; the alumina content in the fiber paper 33 is preferably higher than 40% to ensure that the fiber paper 33 is not corroded when used at high temperature; the preferred weight of the fiber paper 33 is 0.1-0.3g/cm3(ii) a The thickness of the fiber paper 33 is preferably 15mm or less.
In the forming process of the glass lump material, the edge area of the bottom die is obviously cooled faster than the central area close to the discharge pipe, the fiber paper is not arranged in the central area of the lower surface of the bottom die, and the fiber paper with proper thickness is selectively arranged in the edge area, so that the heat transfer resistance of the edge area of the bottom die is increased, the heat transfer of the glass liquid to the edge area of the bottom can be reduced when the vertical flow of the glass liquid is converted into the horizontal flow with central divergence from the vertical flow of a free material column, and more heat in the glass is brought to the edge area of the die, therefore, the heat transfer quantity of the edge area of the lower surface of the glass liquid in the forming process can be reduced, the temperature uniformity of the radial flow in the forming flow of the glass liquid is improved, and the temperature uniformity of the obtained glass lump material and the flow uniformity in the forming process are further improved. In order to achieve the above purpose, the area ratio of the central area of the bottom die to the edge area is preferably between 1:2 and 3: 1; the thickness of the fiber paper on the surface of the side die is preferably not less than that of the fiber paper in the edge area of the bottom die, so that the heat dissipation amount of the glass liquid passing through the side die is reduced, and the temperature uniformity of the glass in the center of the discharge pipe to any side die direction is further improved.
In the present invention, in order to further control the bottom mold 32 to dissipate heat reasonably and prevent the bottom mold 32 from deforming and breaking due to local excessive temperature, the heat dissipation bracket 4 is provided below the bottom mold 32 of the molding die 3. The heat dissipating bracket 4 is formed by connecting a radial bracket 41 and a ring bracket 42, and the hollow part between the radial bracket 41 and the ring bracket 42 is a heat dissipating hole 43, and the most central hole is a material leaking hole 45, as shown in fig. 4-5. The heat dissipation bracket 4 is also divided into a central area and an edge area, and is matched with the corresponding area of the bottom die. The upper surface of the heat dissipation bracket 4 is contacted with the lower surface of the bottom die. The heat dissipation support 4 is made of a metal material with high temperature resistance and good heat conductivity, and the heat dissipation support 4 can absorb local redundant heat of the bottom die through the structural design while providing support for the forming die 3 and the formed molten glass in the forming process, so that the structural failure problem caused by the problems of local overheating deformation, breakage and the like of the bottom die is prevented; meanwhile, the temperature field of the bottom die can be controlled, so that bubbles formed by micro-pores on a contact interface when the inner surface of the bottom die is contacted with the molten glass and the growth overflow speed of the bubbles can be controlled, the defect that the formed interface bubbles enter the molten glass to form forming bubbles is avoided, and the quality qualification rate of formed products is improved.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4-5, the edge region of the heat dissipation bracket 4 mainly comprises a radial bracket 41, an annular bracket 42 and heat dissipation holes 43, wherein the radial bracket 41 and the annular bracket 42 are both provided with a boss 44; the central area of the heat dissipation bracket mainly comprises a radial bracket 41, an annular bracket 42, heat dissipation holes 43 and material leakage holes 45, wherein the material leakage holes 45 are mainly used for discharging waste glass before the molding is started; the upper surfaces of the bosses 44 of the edge regions are flush with the upper surface of the central region, and the bosses 44 are in direct metal contact with the bottom die through the fiber paper. The arrangement of a large number of bosses 44 in the edge region can reduce the contact area between the heat dissipation support 4 and the edge region of the bottom mold, thereby reducing the heat loss in the local region of the bottom mold, and in order to ensure the design effect of the bosses 44, the sectional area of each boss 44 is preferably smaller than or equal to the sectional area of the groove formed between two adjacent bosses 44. The central area of the heat sink bracket and the area of the same height as the boss 44 can be designed as a circular plate structure, so as to further increase the contact area with the bottom mold 32. The edge area and the central area of the radiating support can be connected into a whole through common mechanical connection modes such as welding, rivet connection and the like. In order to ensure that the glass does not burst during the forming and subsequent annealing processes, the heat dissipation bracket 4 is preferably designed to have an overall deformation amount of not more than 10mm, preferably less than 5mm, after the upper surface is stressed during high-temperature use. In order to ensure the heat dissipation effect of the bottom mold 32, the central region of the heat dissipation bracket is preferably made of a material having a thermal conductivity of not less than 20W/(m.DEG C) at a temperature of 400 ℃ to 900 ℃, and more preferably 70W/(m.DEG C) or more. Preferably, the heat conductivity coefficient of the edge area of the heat dissipation bracket in the temperature range of 400-900 ℃ is not higher than that of the central area. The higher the heat conductivity coefficient of the central area of the heat dissipation support is, the larger the contact area with the bottom die is, the higher the heat transfer efficiency of the central area of the bottom die is, so that the temperature of the central area of the bottom die can be quickly controlled, the deformation of the bottom die and the enlargement of gaps caused by the overheating of the central area of the bottom die are prevented, and bubbles formed by the expansion of gas at the contact interface between the bottom die and glass enter glass liquid to form forming bubbles to influence the uniformity of the glass liquid.
In one embodiment, the heat sink bracket 4 has a circular configuration, as shown in fig. 4. The heat dissipation support 4 includes 3 annular supports 42 and 8 radial supports 41, wherein the annular support 42 and the inner region of the innermost layer are the central region of the heat dissipation support, and the rest regions are the edge regions, and the number of the annular supports 42 and the number of the radial supports 41 can be increased or decreased according to the load-bearing requirement. The radial support 41 and the annular support 42 of the heat dissipation support 4 are connected into a whole, the upper surface of the radial support is in contact with the bottom die 32, the lower surface of the radial support is in contact with the transportation support 51 of the transfer device 5, heat is rapidly transferred through the annular support 42 and the radial support 41, and meanwhile, the heat forms convection heat exchange with air in the heat dissipation holes 43 through the surface of the heat dissipation support 4. In order to ensure the heat dissipation effect, the heat dissipation bracket 4 may be made into a multi-layer structure, and fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one layer. By adopting the heat dissipation support 4 as shown in fig. 4, the central area of the bottom die is matched with the central area of the heat dissipation support, the annular support 42 and the radial support 41 are dense in the area, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is larger, so that the heat in the central area of the bottom die can be rapidly transferred to the heat dissipation support 4, and the temperature pressure in the forming process of the central area of the bottom die is reduced. In order to further increase the heat dissipation effect, it is preferable to introduce cooling gas into the heat dissipation holes 43 in the central region of the heat dissipation support to make the air in the region exhibit forced convection, thereby improving the surface heat transfer efficiency of the bottom mold 32 and the heat dissipation support 4 and further increasing the heat dissipation speed of the bottom mold 32.
In another embodiment, the heat sink bracket 4 has a square configuration, as shown in fig. 5. The annular support 42 forms a concentric square structure, wherein the area inside the innermost annular support 42 is the central area of the heat dissipation support, and the radial support 41 still radiates to the periphery, so that the effect of the invention can be realized by adopting the heat dissipation support 4. Therefore, the heat dissipation bracket 4 with the polygonal structure of four sides and above can achieve the beneficial effects of the invention.
Still be provided with transfer device 5 and elevating gear 6 in heat dissipation support 4 below, elevating gear 5 and transfer device 6 are independent each other, and elevating gear 5 is located heat dissipation support 4 bottom for support forming die 3, heat dissipation support 4 and the glass liquid after the shaping, transfer device 6 is used for moving into forming die 3, heat dissipation support 4 or removes the molding process region.
The transfer device 5 is composed of a transfer support 51 and a transfer rail 52, and the transfer device 5 is used for transferring the upper heat dissipation support 4 and the forming mold 3 to the position of the process requirement below the discharge pipe before the forming starts to wait for forming, and transferring the upper heat dissipation support 4, the forming mold 3 and the formed glass liquid to the position of the next process requirement from the lower part of the discharge pipe after the forming is finished.
The lifting device 6 is used for lifting or lowering the transfer device 5, the heat dissipation support 4, the forming die 3 and the height of the formed glass liquid, so that the distance from the surface of the bottom die to the pipe opening of the discharging pipe is matched. The lifting device 6 is contacted with the transportation bracket 51 on the transfer device 5 during forming, and controls the transportation bracket 51 to move up and down. When the transportation bracket 51 rises to a certain degree, the transportation bracket 51 is separated from the transportation track 52, and at the moment, the forming die 3, the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the transportation bracket 51 move upwards at the same time under the control of the lifting device 6; when the forming mold 3, the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the transport bracket 51 are controlled by the lifting device 6 to move downward at the same time, and stop descending until the transport bracket 51 contacts the transport rail 52, the forming mold 3, the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the transport bracket 51 can be transferred to the next cooling process through the transport rail 52.
The glass block forming device also comprises a receiving box 9 for temporarily cutting off the glass liquid flowing out of the discharging pipe 1.
When the forming device works, the lifting device 6 is controlled to lift the transport support 51, and the transport support 51 is separated from the transport track 52 of the transfer device 5 in the lifting process, so that the heat dissipation support 4 and the forming die 3 are lifted upwards through the transport support 51 until the distance between the pipe orifice of the discharge pipe and the bottom die of the forming die meets the process requirement and then stops lifting; controlling the heating power by controlling the electrified current of the discharge pipe 1 to heat the interface between the molten glass in the discharge pipe and the discharge pipe 1 so as to control the temperature of the molten glass in the discharge pipe 1; when the forming is started, the wall temperature of the discharging pipe is adjusted to be within the forming process temperature range, the glass liquid in the discharging pipe 1 flows downwards under the action of gravity, the glass flows out of the discharging pipe 1 to form a section of free liquid column, the free liquid column is gradually and continuously accumulated in a space formed by the bottom die 32 and the side die 31 after contacting with the bottom die 32 of the forming die 3, the lifting device 6 controls the heat dissipation support 4, the side die 31 and the bottom die 32 to move downwards together in the accumulation process, and when the thickness of the glass block material meets the requirement, the forming of the glass block material is finished.
In the glass forming process, the heat transfer process of the molten glass mainly focuses on radiation heat transfer of a free surface area to an outer wall surface, convection heat transfer between air and the free surface and interface heat transfer of a contact mold area; the flow uniformity of the glass liquid is closely related to the viscosity change of the glass liquid, the viscosity of the glass is mainly controlled by components and temperature, and the viscosity change of the glass is mainly related to the temperature after the components of the glass are selected, so that the viscosity change of the glass can be controlled by controlling the temperature change of the glass liquid, and the change of the flow uniformity of the glass liquid is further controlled. Analysis of the forming process of the bulk glass block shows that the occupied area of the free surface and the bottom surface of the glass is far larger than that of the side surface in the forming process, so that heat can be preferentially transferred from the free surface and the bottom surface of the glass liquid to solve the relevant uniformity problem when the temperature field uniformity and the glass liquid flow uniformity in the forming process are optimized.
After the forming is finished, the forming die 3 is filled with glass liquid with a certain height, at the moment, the glass liquid flowing out of the discharging pipe 1 is blocked by the material receiving box 9 to continuously enter the forming die 3, and then the forming die 3, the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the transportation bracket 51 are descended together through the rapid descending of the lifting device 6. After the glass block material falls to a certain height, the transportation support 51 is in contact with the transportation track 52, under the supporting action of the transportation track 52, the lifting device 6 continues to fall, the lifting device 6 is separated from the transportation support 51, then the forming mold 3 bearing the glass block material, the heat dissipation support 4 and the transportation support 51 are quickly transferred to the next cooling process link through the transportation track 52, the cooling is finished when the temperature of the glass surface is reduced to the temperature of the strain point of the glass, and finally the glass surface is transferred to an annealing furnace to be controlled to be cooled to the room temperature.
The problem of glass uniformity in the forming process is solved, the forming quality is improved according to the characteristics of the forming process of the bulk glass, and the temperature difference in all directions in the glass block in the forming process is reduced by reasonably supplementing heat and radiating heat on the free surface of the glass and the surface in contact with a mould, so that the uniformity of a product formed by block materials is improved, and the forming quality and the material utilization rate of the product are improved.
The present invention, by using the lump material forming apparatus having the above structure, can provide the following forming method for improving the homogeneity of molten glass in the forming process, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) before forming, moving the material receiving box 9 to the position below the pipe orifice of the discharge pipe, receiving the glass liquid flowing out of the discharge pipe 1 by using the material receiving box 9, transferring the heat dissipation support 4 and the forming die 3 which are fixed on the transportation support 51 to a process position below the discharge pipe 1 through the transportation track 52, and outwards drawing out the plug pin 9 of the bottom die 32 to form a central hole on the bottom die 32; then, the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the forming die 3 are lifted to the height required by the process by using the lifting device 6 and then stop lifting; then controlling the current of the inner wall of the discharge pipe through the electrified current to enable the contact interface of the molten glass and the discharge pipe to generate heat, so as to control the temperature of the molten glass in the discharge pipe 1 within the process temperature range;
(2) when the forming is started, firstly, the material receiving box 9 is moved away from the lower part of the discharge pipe 1, at the moment, glass liquid forms a free liquid column after leaving the discharge pipe 1, and the free liquid column passes through a central hole of a bottom die and a material leaking hole 45 of the heat dissipation bracket 4 and is quickly recovered and cleaned below the material leaking hole 45; starting the heating element 23 at the top of the soaking cover 2 and the heating element 23 on the side wall, pushing the plug pin 9 of the bottom die 32 inwards after the temperature of the inner space of the soaking cover 2 meets the process requirement, and blocking the molten glass from continuously passing through the central hole of the bottom die;
(3) when the bolt is in place, the central hole of the bottom die disappears, at the moment, the free liquid column of the glass liquid flows from the center to the periphery of the bottom die by contacting the surface of the bottom die and is gradually spread on the surface of the bottom die, and the lifting device 6 is controlled to slowly descend before the glass liquid is spread to contact the side die 31; the glass liquid continuously diffuses outwards, then gradually spreads over the bottom die 32 and contacts the surface of the side die, the glass liquid is limited by the side die 31 to be gradually thickened in the forming space, and forming is finished after the required thickness is reached;
(4) moving the material receiving box 9 to the lower part of the pipe orifice of the material discharging pipe again to prevent the glass liquid from continuously filling the forming die 3; then the lifting device 6 is controlled to be rapidly lowered, at the moment, the forming mold 3, the heat dissipation support 4 and the transportation support 51 are lowered together, after the forming mold is lowered to a certain height, the transportation support 51 is in contact with the transportation track 52 and is supported by the transportation track 52, when the lifting device 6 is lowered again, the lifting device 6 is separated from the transportation support 51, and then the forming mold 3, the heat dissipation support 4 and the transportation support 51 bearing the glass lump materials are rapidly transferred to the next process link through the transportation track 52 for cooling treatment.
By adopting the forming method, the center lines of the discharging pipe 1, the center hole of the bottom die and the material leaking hole of the radiating support are preferably superposed, so that the flow consistency is good when glass liquid flows to the periphery in the subsequent forming process, and the appearance of a formed product is better.
By adopting the forming method, the distance between the pipe orifice of the discharge pipe and the surface of the bottom die before forming is preferably 30-200mm, and the more preferably 50-100 mm; after the forming is started, the distance between the mouth of the discharge pipe and the free liquid surface of the molten glass is 30-200mm, and the more preferable distance is 50-100mm after the molten glass is spread and contacts with the side die 31. By adopting the mode to control the forming process, the problems of forming defects such as forming stripes and bubbles can be effectively prevented.
By adopting the forming method, the lifting device 6 needs to be provided with functions of quick lifting and slow lifting, needs to quickly rise before forming starts, and needs to quickly fall after forming finishes, so that the block material forming is completed; in the forming process, the distance from the pipe opening of the discharge pipe to the free liquid level of the glass liquid is controlled by adopting slow descending according to the rising speed of the liquid level of the glass. Therefore, the rapid lifting speed of the lifting device 6 is preferably not lower than 10 cm/min; the slow lifting speed is not more than 25 mm/min.
The glass block forming device and the forming method thereof are suitable for improving the flow uniformity and the temperature field uniformity of glass liquid in the forming process of the glass liquid of conventional optical glass, optical glass containing easy-crystallization components, low-expansion borosilicate glass, low-expansion glass ceramics and the like.
The method for forming the glass lump material is particularly suitable for forming the glass lump material with the flow rate of the glass liquid of the discharge pipe being 100L/h or more.
Claims (17)
1. The glass lump material forming device is characterized by comprising a discharging pipe (1), a soaking cover (2), a forming mold (3), a radiating support (4), a transfer device (5) and a lifting device (6), wherein the discharging pipe (1) penetrates through the top of the soaking cover to enter a forming space (7) formed by the soaking cover (2) and the forming mold (3); the forming die (3) is positioned right below the soaking cover (2); the heat dissipation bracket (4) is arranged below the bottom of the forming die (3); the transfer device (5) is positioned below the heat dissipation bracket (4) and used for supporting and transferring the heat dissipation bracket (4) and the forming die (3); and the lifting device (6) is positioned below the transfer device (5) and supports and controls the up-and-down movement speed of the forming die (3), the heat dissipation bracket (4) and the transfer device (5).
2. Glass block forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that the centre lines of the tapping pipe (1), the soaking hood (2), the forming mould (3), the heat dissipation support (4) and the transfer device (5) coincide and/or the centre of gravity of the tapping pipe (1), the soaking hood (2), the forming mould (3), the heat dissipation support (4) and the transfer device (5) are in a straight line.
3. Glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the tapping pipe (1) has a three-layer structure, respectively: the fireproof composite material comprises an inner layer (11), an outer layer (12) and an intermediate layer (13), wherein the inner layer (11) and the outer layer (12) are both made of metal materials, and the intermediate layer (13) is a fireproof material layer.
4. The glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the soaking hood (2) is composed of a metal frame (21), a heat insulating layer (22) and a heating element (23), a round hole is formed in the center of the soaking hood (2), the discharge pipe (1) penetrates through the round hole to enter the forming space (7), the heating element (23) is arranged on the top and side wall regions of the soaking hood, and the heat insulating layer (22) is arranged on the metal frame (21).
5. Glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the forming mold (3) is formed by a side mold (31) and a bottom mold (32), and the bottom mold (32) is formed by splicing a bottom mold a, a bottom mold b, a bottom mold c, a bottom mold d and a plug pin (9).
6. A glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the forming mold (3) is composed of a side mold (31) and a bottom mold (32), the side mold (31) is composed of fiber paper (33) and a metal plate, the bottom mold (32) is composed of fiber paper (33) and a metal plate, and the fiber paper (33) is disposed on the outer surface of the metal plate of the side mold and the outer surface of the metal plate of the bottom mold.
7. Glass block forming apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the outer surface of the bottom mold is divided into a central area and edge areas, the central area being free of fibrous paper (33) and the edge areas being surfaced with fibrous paper (33).
8. Glass block forming apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the ratio of the area of the central area to the area of the edge area is 1:2-3:1, and the thickness of the paper (33) on the surface of the side mould (31) is not less than the thickness of the paper (33) on the edge area of the bottom mould (32).
9. Glass block forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibrous paper is made of a material based on alumina, zirconia and silicon carbide, preferably alumina, and the content of alumina is not less than 30%, preferably greater than 40%; the volume weight of the fiber paper (33) is 0.1-0.3g/cm3(ii) a The thickness of the fiber paper (33) is less than 15 mm.
10. Glass block forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat dissipating support (4) is formed by connecting a radial support (41) and a ring support (42), and the hollowed-out part between the radial support (41) and the ring support (42) is a heat dissipating hole (43), the most central hole is a material leaking hole (45), and the heat dissipating support (4) is divided into a central area and an edge area and is matched with the corresponding area of the bottom mold.
11. The glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the edge region of the heat dissipation support (4) is composed of a radial support (41), an annular support (42) and heat dissipation holes (43), the radial support (41) and the annular support (42) are both provided with bosses (44), and the central region of the heat dissipation support (4) is composed of a radial support (41), an annular support (42), heat dissipation holes (43) and material leakage holes (45); the upper surfaces of the bosses (44) of the edge area are flush with the upper surface of the central area, and the bosses (44) penetrate through the fiber paper (33) to be in contact with the metal plate of the bottom die (32); the cross-sectional area of each boss (44) is smaller than or equal to the cross-sectional area of a groove formed between two adjacent bosses (44).
12. Glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface of the heat-dissipating support (4) is subjected to a force with an overall deformation of not more than 10mm, preferably with a deformation of less than 5 mm; the central area of the heat dissipation bracket (4) is made of a material with a heat conductivity coefficient not lower than 20W/(m.DEG C) within the temperature range of 400-900 ℃, and preferably the heat conductivity coefficient is more than 70W/(m.DEG C); the heat conductivity coefficient of the edge area of the heat dissipation bracket (4) in the temperature range of 400-900 ℃ is not higher than that of the central area.
13. Glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-dissipating bracket (4) is of circular or square configuration; the heat dissipation bracket (4) is of a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
14. Glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the transfer device (5) is formed by a transport carriage (51) and a transport rail (52).
15. A method of forming a glass block forming apparatus, comprising the steps of:
1) transferring a heat dissipation bracket (4) fixed on a transportation bracket (51) and a forming die (3) to a process position below a discharge pipe (1) through a transportation rail (52); a lifting device (6) is used for lifting the heat dissipation bracket (4) and the forming die (3) to the height required by the process; controlling the current of the inner-layer pipe wall of the discharge pipe through the electrified current, so that the contact interface of the molten glass and the discharge pipe generates heat, and the temperature of the molten glass in the discharge pipe (1) is controlled within the process temperature range;
2) opening a heating element (23) at the top of the soaking cover (2) and a heating element (23) on the side wall of the soaking cover (2) to ensure that the temperature of the inner space of the soaking cover (2) meets the process requirement;
3) the glass liquid free liquid column flows from the center to the periphery of the bottom die by contacting the surface of the bottom die and is gradually spread on the surface of the bottom die, the lifting device (6) is controlled to slowly descend, the glass liquid continuously diffuses outwards and gradually accumulates in the forming space, and the forming is finished after the required thickness is reached;
4) control elevating gear (6) for descending fast, forming die (3), heat dissipation support (4) and transportation support (51) descend together, transportation support (51) and transportation track (52) contact after descending to a take the altitude, receive the supporting role of transportation track (52), elevating gear (6) break away from with transportation support (51) when elevating gear (6) resumes to descend again, then will bear forming die (3) of glass lump material, heat dissipation support (4), transportation support (51) shift to next technology link through transportation track (52) fast and carry out cooling process.
16. The method for forming a glass block forming apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the nozzle of the tapping pipe of step 1) is spaced from the surface of the bottom mold by a distance of 30 to 200mm, preferably by a distance of 50 to 100 mm; the distance between the pipe orifice of the discharge pipe in the step 3) and the free liquid level of the glass liquid is 30-200mm, and the preferred distance is 50-100 mm.
17. The method for forming a glass block forming apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the lowering speed of the lifting means (6) of step 3) is not more than 25 mm/min; the descending speed of the step 4) is not lower than 10 cm/min.
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