CN114408893A - Porous carbon material pore structure regulation method and application - Google Patents
Porous carbon material pore structure regulation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114408893A CN114408893A CN202210088516.0A CN202210088516A CN114408893A CN 114408893 A CN114408893 A CN 114408893A CN 202210088516 A CN202210088516 A CN 202210088516A CN 114408893 A CN114408893 A CN 114408893A
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002837 PtCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940110728 nitrogen / oxygen Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of porous carbon materials, and particularly discloses a porous structure regulating method and application of a porous carbon material. The method for regulating the pore structure of the porous carbon material comprises the following steps: adding a porous carbon material and a perchloric acid solution into a solvent, heating, mixing and drying to obtain a pretreated porous carbon material; and carrying out heat treatment under a protective atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the regulated and controlled porous carbon material. According to the method, the porous carbon material is soaked in perchloric acid solution, so that the perchloric acid solution is coated on the surface of the porous carbon material and enters the pore structure of the porous carbon material, and the surface and the interior of the porous carbon material undergo in-situ oxidation reaction of oxygen and the porous carbon material at high temperature through heat treatment so as to change the pore structure. And the flow of the protective gas, the concentration of the perchloric acid solution and the heat treatment temperature are controlled simultaneously, so that accurate pore-forming of the porous carbon material is realized, and the regulated and controlled porous carbon material has higher catalytic activity and stability in the acidic and alkaline electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of porous carbon materials, and particularly relates to a pore structure regulation and control method and application of a porous carbon material.
Background
Porous materials are classified into three types according to pore size: micropores (pore diameter less than 2nm), mesopores (pore diameter between 2 and 50nm) and macropores (pore diameter greater than 50 nm). The porous carbon material refers to a carbon material having different pore structures. In recent years, various carbon materials including carbon nanotubes, activated carbon fibers, activated carbon, and the like have been discovered. These carbon materials have a large specific surface area, but still cannot satisfy various demands in various fields. For example, the pore composition of common activated carbon and carbon fibers is mainly microporous, which is not favorable for mass transfer in practical application of fuel cells. The increased number of micropores can significantly increase the specific surface area and active sites of the material, but a large fraction of the micropores remain closed or dead pores of disorder. Too many pores increase the resistance of the material in electrochemical applications, hindering electron transfer. And the mesopores and the macropores are beneficial to reducing mass transfer resistance and improving mass transfer efficiency.
At present, Pt-based catalysts are still the most widely used electrocatalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), and usually the Pt-based catalysts are supported on a conductive carbon support with a high specific surface area to improve the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles, thereby improving the performance of the PEMFCs. The pore structure distribution of the carbon support of commercial porous carbon supported Pt nanocatalysts directly affects the Pt nanoparticle dispersion of the catalyst, the ionomer distribution of the catalyst layer, and the performance of the cell at High Current Density (HCD). Research shows that micropores (<2nm) in the carbon carrier are not beneficial to oxygen transmission, and larger pores (>8nm) are not beneficial to ionomer distribution of the catalyst layer, so that proton transmission of the catalyst layer is influenced. The mesoporous region with the pore diameter of 2-8nm is beneficial to the dispersion of Pt/PtCo catalyst nano particles with the pore diameter of 3-4nm, wherein porous carbon with the pore diameter of 4-7nm is most suitable for the expression of the catalytic activity of the Pt catalyst. However, the preparation of the carbon carrier with the pore structure of 4-7nm is not easy to realize, which is a serious difficulty in reducing the Pt cost and improving the catalyst activity and is also a technology for preparing a 'neck clamp' of the catalyst. For the carbon material in the lithium ion battery, the porous carbon has a large number of pore structures and an ultrahigh specific surface area, sites for removing and inserting lithium are rich, the electronic conductivity and the lithium ion diffusion coefficient are good, and the electrochemical performance can be improved by adjusting the micro-mesoporous structure of the porous carbon and adjusting the electronic arrangement.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a method for controlling the pore structure of a porous carbon material to obtain a micro-mesoporous structure that is most suitable for improving electrochemical performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pore structure regulation method and application of a porous carbon material, which are used for solving one or more technical problems in the prior art and providing at least one beneficial selection or creation condition.
In order to overcome the above technical problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling a pore structure of a porous carbon material.
Specifically, the method for regulating and controlling the pore structure of the porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a porous carbon material and a perchloric acid solution into a solvent, heating, mixing and drying to obtain a pretreated porous carbon material;
(2) and carrying out heat treatment on the pretreated porous carbon material in a protective atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the regulated and controlled porous carbon material.
According to the invention, a porous carbon material and a perchloric acid solution are added into a solvent, the perchloric acid solution coats the surface of the porous carbon material and enters a pore structure of the porous carbon material, and perchloric acid is decomposed under the heating condition to generate oxygen, chlorine and water, wherein the reaction formula is as follows: 4HClO4→2H2O+7O2+2Cl2The surface and the interior of the pore structure of the porous carbon material undergo an in-situ oxidation reaction of oxygen and the carbon material at a high temperature, so that the pore volume is increased.
Meanwhile, the flow of the protective gas, the concentration of the perchloric acid solution and the temperature of heat treatment can be changed to regulate and control the pore size distribution of the porous carbon material, so that accurate pore-forming is realized. Wherein: the concentration of the perchloric acid solution is changed, so that the method can be used for regulating and controlling the generation amount of oxygen; the flow of the inert gas is adjusted, so that the content of residual oxygen reacting with the carbon surface can be controlled; the degree of calcination of the carbon material can be controlled by controlling the heat treatment temperature. According to the invention, the flow of the protective gas, the concentration of the perchloric acid solution and the heat treatment temperature are simultaneously controlled, so that the accurate pore-forming of the porous carbon material is realized, and the regulated and controlled porous carbon material has higher catalytic activity and stability in the acidic and alkaline electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the perchloric acid solution has a molar concentration of 0.1 to 2 mol/L.
As a further improvement of the above aspect, the mass ratio of the porous carbon material to the perchloric acid solution is 1: (5-20).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the porous carbon material to the perchloric acid solution is 1: (8-20).
Preferably, the porous carbon material is selected from any one of Ketjenblack EC300JD, EC600JD, ECP900JD, Cabot BP2000 and Vulcan XC-72.
Preferably, the solvent is at least one selected from deionized water, isopropanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol.
As a further improvement of the above aspect, the mass ratio of the solvent to the porous carbon material is (5-100): 1.
preferably, the mass ratio of the solvent to the porous carbon material is (15-50): 1.
as a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (1), the mixing temperature is 60-130 ℃, and the mixing time is 2-6 hours.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mixing temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the mixing time is 2-4 hours.
As a further improvement of the scheme, in the step (1), the drying temperature is 80-130 ℃.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, in the step (2), the temperature of the heat treatment is 300-2000 ℃, and the time of the heat treatment is 1-3 hours.
Preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment is 300-.
Preferably, the heating rate of the heat treatment is 1-20 ℃/min.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, in the step (2), the protective atmosphere is at least one of nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, oxygen, air and ammonia.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the gas flow of the protective atmosphere is 50-250 mL/min.
A second aspect of the invention provides a porous carbon material.
Specifically, the porous carbon material is prepared by adopting the porous structure regulation and control method of the porous carbon material, and the pore volume of the porous carbon material with the pore diameter of 4-7nm is 0.152-0.164mL/gcarbon。
A third aspect of the invention provides the use of a porous carbon material.
In particular to the application of the porous carbon material in the fields of electrocatalyst, super capacitor and adsorption separation.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
according to the method for regulating the pore structure of the porous carbon material, the porous carbon material is soaked in the perchloric acid solution, so that the perchloric acid solution is coated on the surface of the porous carbon material and enters the pore structure of the porous carbon material, and after heat treatment, the surface and the interior of the porous carbon material undergo in-situ oxidation reaction of oxygen and the porous carbon material at high temperature to change the pore structure, so that different application requirements are met. And the flow of the protective gas, the concentration of the perchloric acid solution and the heat treatment temperature are controlled simultaneously, so that the accurate pore-forming of the porous carbon material is realized, and the regulated and controlled porous carbon material has higher catalytic activity and stability in the acidic and alkaline electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction.
The method for regulating the pore structure of the porous carbon material is simple and rapid, has low cost, can finely regulate the structure of the porous carbon material, and has a high application prospect in the fields of electro-catalysts, supercapacitors, adsorption separation and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a porous carbon material according to the present invention before and after adjustment of the porous structure;
FIG. 2 is CV curves for porous carbon supported Pt catalysts prepared in example 7 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is LSV curves for porous carbon supported Pt catalysts prepared according to example 7 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the pore size distribution for inventive example 4 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and it is to be specifically noted that the examples are provided only for the purpose of further illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The pore structure of the porous carbon material is regulated by adopting the method for regulating the pore structure of the porous carbon material, the structural schematic diagram of the porous structure before and after regulation is shown in fig. 1, perchloric acid solution is coated on the surface of an original porous carbon material 100 and enters the pore structure of the porous carbon material to form an oxide layer 200, and the surface and the interior of the porous carbon material 100 are subjected to in-situ oxidation reaction of oxygen and the carbon material at high temperature through heat treatment to increase the pore volume and obtain the regulated porous carbon material 300. According to the invention, the flow of the protective gas, the concentration of the perchloric acid solution and the heat treatment temperature are simultaneously controlled, so that the accurate pore-forming of the porous carbon material is realized, and the regulated and controlled porous carbon material has higher catalytic activity and stability in the acidic and alkaline electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction.
Example 1
A method for regulating the pore structure of a porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of porous carbon material Ketjenblack EC300JD, adding 5g of perchloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, adding 5g of deionized water, stirring at 60 ℃ for 2 hours, completely drying the sample in an oven at 80 ℃, carrying out heat treatment on the dried sample for 1 hour at 300 ℃ and under the nitrogen flow of 50mL/min, wherein the heating rate is 1 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the regulated and controlled porous carbon material of the embodiment.
Example 2
A method for regulating the pore structure of a porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of porous carbon material Vulcan XC-72, adding 20g of perchloric acid solution with the concentration of 2mol/L, adding 100g of ethylene glycol, stirring for 6 hours at 130 ℃, completely drying the sample in a 130 ℃ oven, carrying out heat treatment on the dried sample for 3 hours at 2000 ℃ and under the environment of 250mL/min ammonia gas flow, wherein the heating rate is 20 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to prepare the regulated and controlled porous carbon material of the embodiment.
Example 3
A method for regulating the pore structure of a porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of commercial porous carbon material Ketjenblack EC600JD, adding 10g of perchloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, adding 40g of isopropanol, stirring at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, completely drying the sample in a 100 ℃ oven, carrying out heat treatment on the dried sample at 800 ℃ and argon flow rate of 100mL/min for 2 hours at the temperature rising speed of 5 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the regulated and controlled porous carbon material of the embodiment.
Example 4
A method for regulating the pore structure of a porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of commercial porous carbon material Ketjenblack EC300JD, adding 8g of perchloric acid solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, adding 15g of ethanol, stirring at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, completely drying the sample in an oven at 80 ℃, carrying out heat treatment on the dried sample at 300 ℃ for 1.5 hours under the condition that the flow rate of nitrogen/oxygen (flow ratio is 1: 1) is 50mL/min, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the regulated and controlled porous carbon material of the embodiment.
Example 5
A method for regulating the pore structure of a porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of commercial porous carbon material Cabot BP2000, adding 20g of perchloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, adding 50g of deionized water, stirring for 2 hours at 80 ℃, completely drying the sample in an oven at 80 ℃, carrying out heat treatment on the dried sample for 1 hour at 800 ℃ and under the nitrogen flow of 50mL/min at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to prepare the regulated and controlled porous carbon material of the embodiment.
Example 6
A method for regulating the pore structure of a porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of commercial porous carbon material Ketjenblack EC300JD, adding 15g of perchloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, adding 25g of deionized water, stirring at 60 ℃ for 2 hours, completely drying the sample in an oven at 80 ℃, carrying out heat treatment on the dried sample at 1400 ℃ for 3 hours under the environment of nitrogen flow of 10mL/min, wherein the heating rate is 1 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the regulated and controlled porous carbon material of the embodiment.
Example 7
A method for regulating the pore structure of a porous carbon material comprises the following steps:
weighing 1g of commercial porous carbon material Ketjenblack EC600JD, adding 12g of perchloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.8mol/L, adding 30g of deionized water, stirring at 100 ℃ for 2 hours, completely drying the sample in an oven at 80 ℃, thermally treating the dried sample for 1 hour at 400 ℃ and the air flow of 10mL/min, wherein the heating rate is 20 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the regulated and controlled porous carbon material of the embodiment.
Comparative example 1
A commercially available porous carbon material, Ketjenblack EC300JD, having a specific surface area of 766m2The pore volume was 0.812 mL/g.
Performance testing
1. Electrochemical performance test
Electrochemical performance tests were performed on the porous carbon materials of example 4 and comparative example 1 by the following methods: the porous carbons prepared in example 4 and comparative example 1 of the present invention were used to prepare porous carbon-supported Pt catalysts for fuel cells by supporting platinum using the ethylene glycol method. Electrochemical testing was performed using the Shanghai Chenghua CHI660e electrochemical workstation. The glassy carbon electrode coated with the catalyst is taken as a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode are respectively a platinum black electrode and a self-made reversible hydrogen electrode, and the electrolyte is 0.1M HClO4And (4) aqueous solution, and fully polishing and cleaning the glassy carbon electrode before coating the catalyst on the electrode. The preparation of the thin-layer catalyst on the electrode comprises the following steps: adding 200 microliters of deionized water, 1800 microliters of isopropanol and 60 microliters of 5% perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) solution into 5mg of catalyst, ultrasonically dispersing for 30min under an ice bath condition, taking 5 microliters of uniformly ultrasonically dispersed suspension by using a microsyringe, coating the suspension on a smooth glassy carbon electrode, and drying for 2 hours at room temperature to perform electrochemical test. The electrical performance test results are shown in fig. 2 and 3, where in fig. 2: the abscissa Potential represents the voltage and the ordinate Current represents the Current, as can be seen from fig. 2: compared with the commercially available porous carbon material, the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of the porous structure-regulated embodiment 4 is obviously increased, and the electrochemical performance is obviously improved; in fig. 3: the abscissa Potential represents the voltage and the ordinate Current density represents the Current density, as can be seen from fig. 3: the area specific activity of example 4, modulated by pore structure, is higher than that of the commercially available porous carbon material.
2. Pore volume
The pore size distributions of example 4 and comparative example 1 were measured using BET specific surface areas, and the results are shown in fig. 4, in which: the abscissa Pore width represents the Pore diameter, and the ordinate Pore Volume represents the Pore Volume, and the Volume of micro-mesopores in the range of 4-7nm in example 4 regulated by the Pore structure is obviously larger than that of the commercially available porous carbon material.
BET test
The BET specific surface area test method was performed on the porous carbon materials of the respective examples and comparative examples, and the test results are shown as the table.
Table 1: BET test results of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 1: in each embodiment under different flow rates of the protective gas, perchloric acid concentrations and heat treatment temperatures, the pore size distribution and the specific surface area are different, namely, the pore volume of micropores and mesopores of the porous carbon material can be regulated and controlled by changing the flow rate of the protective gas, the perchloric acid concentration and the heat treatment temperature. Wherein: examples 4 and 5 have an increase in pore volume from 4 to 7nm and a decrease in micropore volume of <2nm, and are suitable for use in the field of carbon support for fuel cell catalysts.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for regulating the pore structure of a porous carbon material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding a porous carbon material and a perchloric acid solution into a solvent, heating, mixing and drying to obtain a pretreated porous carbon material;
(2) and carrying out heat treatment on the pretreated porous carbon material in a protective atmosphere, and cooling to obtain the regulated and controlled porous carbon material.
2. The method for controlling the pore structure of a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the molar concentration of the perchloric acid solution is 0.1 to 2 mol/L; the mass ratio of the porous carbon material to the perchloric acid solution is 1: (5-20).
3. The method for controlling the pore structure of a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the porous carbon material is any one selected from the group consisting of Ketjenblack EC300JD, EC600JD, ECP900JD, Cabot BP2000, and Vulcan XC-72.
4. The method for controlling the pore structure of a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of deionized water, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol; the mass ratio of the solvent to the porous carbon material is (5-100): 1.
5. the method for controlling the pore structure of a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the mixing temperature in step (1) is 60 to 130 ℃ and the mixing time is 2 to 6 hours.
6. The method for controlling the pore structure of a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in step (1) is 80 to 130 ℃.
7. The method for regulating the pore structure of a porous carbon material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment in step (2) is 300-2000 ℃ and the time of the heat treatment is 1-3 hours.
8. The method for controlling the pore structure of a porous carbon material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the protective atmosphere is at least one of nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, oxygen, air, and ammonia, and a gas flow rate of the protective atmosphere is 50 to 250 mL/min.
9. A porous carbon material, characterized in that the porous carbon material is prepared by the method for regulating and controlling the pore structure of the porous carbon material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the pore volume of the porous carbon material at 4-7nm is 0.152-0.164mL/gcarbon。
10. Use of the porous carbon material of claim 9 in the fields of electrocatalysts, supercapacitors, adsorptive separations.
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