CN114405979A - Cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method - Google Patents
Cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114405979A CN114405979A CN202111563322.3A CN202111563322A CN114405979A CN 114405979 A CN114405979 A CN 114405979A CN 202111563322 A CN202111563322 A CN 202111563322A CN 114405979 A CN114405979 A CN 114405979A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
Abstract
A cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method comprises the following steps: adding sulfuric acid into the cobalt-nickel tailings for acid leaching, then adding an oxidant and liquid caustic soda, and performing filter pressing to obtain mixed slag containing iron-aluminum slag and acid leaching slag; acid washing the mixed slag, and filter pressing to obtain washing slag; washing the washing slag for multiple times or multi-stage countercurrent washing, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain washing slag slurry; adding lime milk or liquid caustic soda into the water washing slag slurry, and then carrying out filter pressing to obtain tailings, wherein the content of cobalt and nickel in the slag is stabilized below 0.2%, the comprehensive pH of the slag is 6.5-7.5, the slag is neutral, and the cobalt and nickel tailings are tested by a sulfuric acid-nitric acid method to be qualified in leaching toxicity and can be subjected to landfill treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste residue treatment, in particular to a cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method.
Background
The dissolution of heavy metal ions is a main cause of environmental hazard caused by solid waste residues. Under the leaching action of rainwater, particularly acid rain, on various hydrometallurgy solid waste residues, the contained heavy metals can be dissolved out and migrated, so that the soil environment and the water environment are directly polluted persistently, the ecological environment is damaged, and the human health is seriously threatened. China is an important base for comprehensive utilization and deep processing of mineral resources, and in the metallurgy extraction process of valuable metals such as zinc, nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and the like, a large amount of hydrometallurgy solid waste residues with various heavy metals left are produced, and the processes of transportation, transfer, stockpiling and landfill exist great environmental risks. Chromium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, lead, copper, zinc and the like belong to main environment sensitive heavy metal elements, have accumulation and nondegradability on environmental pollution, are easy to be enriched in a food chain, generate physiological toxicity to human bodies and have lasting harm to human living ecological environment.
Heavy metal components leach from the waste residue into the environment under the influence of acidic precipitation, and in certain situations are leached by surface or ground water, the heavy metals leach into the environment. In order to protect the environment and ensure the human health, the heavy metal leaching risk of the solid waste residue needs to be evaluated, and measures are taken to weaken the leaching toxicity of the solid waste residue and ensure that the leaching toxicity is qualified. Patent CN105779777A discloses a method for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt from nickel and cobalt slag, which comprises adding an acidic solution into nickel and cobalt slag, mechanically stirring and blowing air to leach, performing solid-liquid separation after leaching, adding an oxidant composition into the acidic leaching solution containing nickel and cobalt, mechanically stirring and heating, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a cobalt-precipitated solution and cobalt-precipitated slag, and the method has the problems of low production efficiency, high cobalt and nickel residue amount, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cobalt-nickel tailing processing method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A cobalt-nickel tailings treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acid leaching: adding sulfuric acid into the cobalt-nickel tailings for acid leaching, adjusting the pH value of the acid leaching to be 1.5-2.5, reacting for 2-4h, then adding an oxidant and liquid alkali, adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 4-5, and performing filter pressing to obtain mixed slag containing iron-aluminum slag and acid leaching slag;
(2) acid washing: washing the mixed slag for 1-3h by using a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 2.0-2.5 and the temperature of 50-80 ℃, and performing filter pressing to obtain washing slag;
(3) washing with water: washing the washing slag for multiple times or multi-stage countercurrent washing, wherein tap water is adopted in each washing in the multiple washing process, and the adding amount of the tap water is 1:1-3 of the solid-to-liquid ratio; controlling the washing temperature to be 50-70 ℃, the washing time to be 30-60min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain washing slag slurry;
(4) alkali washing: adding lime milk or liquid caustic soda into the water washing slag slurry to adjust the pH value to 8.5-9.5, reacting at 50-70 ℃ for 30-60min, and performing filter pressing to obtain tailings.
Further, the oxidant adopted in the step (1) is sodium chlorate or industrial hydrogen peroxide, wherein the adding mass of the sodium chlorate is 1/2-1/3 of the total mass of ferrous iron in the mixed solution of cobalt-nickel tailings and sulfuric acid for acid leaching, the concentration of the industrial hydrogen peroxide is 32%, and the adding mass of the industrial hydrogen peroxide is 4-5 times of the total mass of ferrous iron in the mixed solution of the cobalt-nickel tailings and the sulfuric acid for acid leaching; the concentration of the liquid caustic soda is 7-12%.
Further, the pressure in the filter pressing process is 0.4-0.8 mpa.
Further, the washing slag is washed by water for four times in the step (3).
Further, the step (3) water washing and the step (4) alkali washing are both carried out in a washing filter press.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that the invention provides a cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method, which is used for reducing the toxicity of waste slag generated in cobalt-nickel production, the cobalt-nickel content in the tailing is stabilized below 0.2%, the comprehensive pH of the slag is 6.5-7.5, the slag is neutral, and the cobalt-nickel tailing is qualified in leaching toxicity test by a sulfuric acid-nitric acid method and can be subjected to landfill treatment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
A cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching: adding sulfuric acid into cobalt-nickel tailings for acid leaching, adjusting the pH value of the acid leaching to be 1.5-2.5, reacting for 2-4h, obtaining acid leaching residues and acid leaching liquid after leaching, wherein the contents of cobalt and nickel in the acid leaching residues are generally stabilized below 0.2%, the acid leaching solution contains impurities such as ferrum, aluminum, chromium and the like, and the desired cobalt-nickel solution can be obtained only by removing the impurities, in order to improve the production efficiency, an oxidant and liquid caustic soda are directly added into the leaching kettle in the production process, the pH value is adjusted to 4-5, mixed slag containing ferrum, aluminum slag and acid leaching slag is obtained after filter pressing, the oxidant adopted is sodium chlorate or industrial hydrogen peroxide, wherein the mass of the added sodium chlorate is 1/2-1/3 of the total mass of ferrous iron in the mixed solution of cobalt-nickel tailings and sulfuric acid for acid leaching, the concentration of the industrial hydrogen peroxide is 32%, and the mass of the added industrial hydrogen peroxide is 4-5 times of the total mass of ferrous iron in the mixed solution of the cobalt-nickel tailings and the sulfuric acid for acid leaching; the concentration of the liquid caustic soda is 7-12%; the pressure is 0.4-0.8mpa in the filter pressing process, and the filter pressing saturation is stopped;
(2) acid washing: pumping the mixed slag into a washing kettle, washing for 1-3h by using a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 2.0-2.5 and the temperature of 50-80 ℃, and carrying out filter pressing to obtain washing slag; the step aims to leach cobalt and nickel which are precipitated into the iron-aluminum slag in the impurity removal process into an acid solution again, so that the cobalt and nickel content in the mixed slag is further reduced while the metal recovery rate is improved, washing slag is obtained after washing and filter pressing, and the cobalt and nickel content in the slag can be stabilized below 0.15%;
(3) washing with water: washing the washing slag for multiple times or multilevel countercurrent washing, wherein in the multiple washing process, the washing is preferably carried out for four times, tap water is adopted in each washing, and the adding amount of the tap water is 1:1-3 of the solid-to-liquid ratio; the multi-stage countercurrent water washing is that the filtrate after each treatment is used as the water washing liquid of the previous stage water washing; controlling the washing temperature to be 50-70 ℃, the washing time to be 30-60min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation by adopting a filter press to obtain washing slag slurry. The water washing method can be to filter and filter the slag, add water to wash and filter the slag again, repeat for four times; or directly washing with water and alkali on a filter press, and only removing slag for the next time. The slag discharging during each filter pressing is to consider that the filter cake after the filter pressing of the filter press contains 40-50% of water, so that the washing slag slurry still contains about 10g/L of cobalt and nickel metal, but the cobalt and nickel metal is mixed in the washing slag in a free form, and the washing slag is washed, subjected to solid-liquid separation, washed once and subjected to filter pressing to obtain primary washing slag, wherein the washing efficiency is about 75%, namely the primary washing slag slurry also contains about 2.5g/L of cobalt and nickel; carrying out secondary washing, tertiary washing and quaternary washing under the same washing condition, and respectively obtaining secondary washing slag, tertiary washing slag and quaternary washing slag after filter pressing until the cobalt and nickel content is stabilized below 100mg/l when the quaternary washing slag is washed;
(4) alkali washing: adding lime milk or liquid caustic soda into the water washing slag slurry to adjust the pH value to 8.5-9.5, reacting at 50-70 ℃ for 30-60min, and performing filter pressing to obtain tailings with low cobalt and nickel content, wherein the cobalt and nickel content in the slag is stabilized below 0.2%, the comprehensive pH value of the slag is 6.5-7.5, and the slag is neutral. The cobalt-nickel tailings are tested by a sulfuric acid-nitric acid method to be qualified in leaching toxicity and can be subjected to landfill treatment.
Furthermore, multiple times of water washing and alkali washing can be carried out in a washing filter press for improving the production efficiency, and the water washing liquid of the next stage can be used as the bottom water of the previous stage for reducing the water consumption, namely, countercurrent washing.
Example 1
A cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching: adding sulfuric acid into cobalt-nickel tailings for acid leaching, adjusting the pH value of the acid leaching to be 1.5, reacting for 2 hours, directly adding an oxidant and liquid caustic soda into a leaching kettle, adjusting the pH value to be 4, and performing filter pressing to obtain mixed slag containing the iron-aluminum slag and the acid leaching slag, wherein the adopted oxidant is 32% industrial hydrogen peroxide, and the mass of the added industrial hydrogen peroxide is 4 times of the total mass of ferrous iron in mixed liquid obtained by adding sulfuric acid into the cobalt-nickel tailings for acid leaching; the concentration of the liquid caustic soda is 10 percent; the pressure is 0.4 mpa;
(2) acid washing: pumping the mixed slag into a washing kettle, washing for 2 hours by using a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 2.0 and the temperature of 50 ℃, and carrying out filter pressing to obtain washing slag;
(3) washing with water: washing the washing slag for four times, wherein tap water is adopted in each washing, the adding amount of the tap water is added according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, the washing temperature is controlled at 50 ℃, the washing time is 60min, and solid-liquid separation is carried out by adopting a filter press to obtain washing slag slurry;
(4) alkali washing: adding lime milk into the water washing slag slurry to adjust the pH value to 8.5, reacting at 70 ℃ for 40min, and then performing filter pressing to obtain tailings with low cobalt and nickel content, wherein the cobalt and nickel content in the slag is 0.16%, the comprehensive pH value of the slag is 6.79, and the tailings are neutral. The cobalt-nickel tailings are tested by a sulfuric acid-nitric acid method to be qualified in leaching toxicity and can be subjected to landfill treatment.
Example 2
A cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching: adding sulfuric acid into the cobalt-nickel tailings for acid leaching, adjusting the pH value of the acid leaching to be 2, reacting for 3 hours, then directly adding an oxidant and liquid caustic soda into a leaching kettle, adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 4.5, and performing filter pressing to obtain mixed slag containing the iron-aluminum slag and the acid leaching slag, wherein the adopted oxidant is sodium chlorate, and 1/2 of the total mass of ferrous iron in the mixed solution of the cobalt-nickel tailings and the sulfuric acid for acid leaching is added; the concentration of the liquid caustic soda is 11 percent; the pressure is 0.6 mpa;
(2) acid washing: pumping the mixed slag into a washing kettle, washing for 1h by using a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 2.5 and the temperature of 80 ℃, and carrying out filter pressing to obtain washing slag;
(3) washing with water: washing the washing slag for three times, wherein tap water is adopted in each washing, the adding amount of the tap water is added according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:2, the washing temperature is controlled at 60 ℃, the washing time is 35min, and solid-liquid separation is carried out by adopting a filter press to obtain washing slag slurry;
(4) alkali washing: adding lime milk into the water washing slag slurry to adjust the pH value to 9, reacting at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 30min, and then performing filter pressing to obtain tailings with low cobalt and nickel content, wherein the cobalt and nickel content in the slag is 0.18%, the comprehensive pH value of the slag is 7.25, and the tailings are neutral. The cobalt-nickel tailings are tested by a sulfuric acid-nitric acid method to be qualified in leaching toxicity and can be subjected to landfill treatment.
Example 3
A cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching: adding sulfuric acid into the cobalt-nickel tailings for acid leaching, adjusting the pH value of the acid leaching to be 2.5, reacting for 4 hours, then directly adding an oxidant and liquid caustic soda into a leaching kettle, adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 5, and performing filter pressing to obtain mixed slag containing the iron-aluminum slag and the acid leaching slag, wherein the adopted oxidant is sodium chlorate, 1/3 mass of the total mass of divalent iron in the mixed liquid of the cobalt-nickel tailings and the sulfuric acid for acid leaching is added, and the concentration of the liquid caustic soda is 12%; the pressure is 0.8 mpa;
(2) acid washing: pumping the mixed slag into a washing kettle, washing for 3 hours by using a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 2.3 and the temperature of 65 ℃, and carrying out filter pressing to obtain washing slag;
(3) washing with water: carrying out three-stage countercurrent washing on the washing slag, wherein the washing temperature is 70 ℃, the washing time is 45min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation by adopting a filter press to obtain washing slag slurry;
(4) alkali washing: adding liquid caustic soda into the water washing slag slurry to adjust the pH value to 9.5, reacting at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 60min, and then performing filter pressing to obtain tailings with low cobalt and nickel content, wherein the cobalt and nickel content in the slag is 0.19%, the comprehensive pH value of the slag is 7.45, and the tailings are neutral. The cobalt-nickel tailings are tested by a sulfuric acid-nitric acid method to be qualified in leaching toxicity and can be subjected to landfill treatment.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be noted that other equivalent modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention, and all such modifications can be made as are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cobalt-nickel tailings treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acid leaching: adding sulfuric acid into the cobalt-nickel tailings for acid leaching, adjusting the pH value of the acid leaching to be 1.5-2.5, reacting for 2-4h, then adding an oxidant and liquid alkali, adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 4-5, and performing filter pressing to obtain mixed slag containing iron-aluminum slag and acid leaching slag;
(2) acid washing: washing the mixed slag for 1-3h by using a sulfuric acid solution with the pH value of 2.0-2.5 and the temperature of 50-80 ℃, and performing filter pressing to obtain washing slag;
(3) washing with water: washing the washing slag for multiple times or multi-stage countercurrent washing, wherein tap water is adopted in each washing in the multiple washing process, and the adding amount of the tap water is 1:1-3 of the solid-to-liquid ratio; controlling the washing temperature to be 50-70 ℃, the washing time to be 30-60min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain washing slag slurry;
(4) alkali washing: adding lime milk or liquid caustic soda into the water washing slag slurry to adjust the pH value to 8.5-9.5, reacting at 50-70 ℃ for 30-60min, and performing filter pressing to obtain tailings.
2. The cobalt-nickel tailings treatment method according to claim 1, wherein an oxidant adopted in the step (1) is sodium chlorate or industrial hydrogen peroxide, wherein the mass of the added sodium chlorate is 1/2-1/3 of the total mass of ferrous iron in a mixed solution obtained by acid leaching of cobalt-nickel tailings by adding sulfuric acid, the concentration of the industrial hydrogen peroxide is 32%, and the mass of the added industrial hydrogen peroxide is 4-5 times of the total mass of ferrous iron in the mixed solution obtained by acid leaching of cobalt-nickel tailings by adding sulfuric acid; the concentration of the liquid caustic soda is 7-12%.
3. The cobalt-nickel tailings treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure during the filter pressing process is 0.4-0.8 mpa.
4. The cobalt-nickel tailings treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the washing slag is washed with water four times in the step (3).
5. The cobalt-nickel tailing processing method according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) of water washing and the step (4) of alkali washing are both carried out in a washing filter press.
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