CN111100991A - Treatment method of nickel wet refining tailings based on high-temperature oxygen pressure - Google Patents

Treatment method of nickel wet refining tailings based on high-temperature oxygen pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111100991A
CN111100991A CN201911415874.2A CN201911415874A CN111100991A CN 111100991 A CN111100991 A CN 111100991A CN 201911415874 A CN201911415874 A CN 201911415874A CN 111100991 A CN111100991 A CN 111100991A
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nickel
leaching
oxygen pressure
slag
wet refining
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Inventor
许开华
蒋振康
李琴香
王文杰
张坤
易庆平
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GEM Co Ltd China
Jingmen GEM New Material Co Ltd
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GEM Co Ltd China
Jingmen GEM New Material Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • C22B7/007Wet processes by acid leaching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0407Leaching processes
    • C22B23/0415Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
    • C22B23/043Sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0453Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B23/0461Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses a nickel wet refining tailings treatment method based on high-temperature oxygen pressure, which comprises the following steps: pre-dipping ore pulp, oxygen pressure leaching, deeply removing impurities and alkalifying and precipitating nickel and cobalt; the oxygen pressure leaching step specifically comprises: and (3) introducing the pre-leaching solution obtained in the pre-leaching pulp step into an oxygen pressure kettle, performing oxygen pressure leaching, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residues. According to the invention, the nickel slag is treated in a way of matching oxygen pressure leaching and deep impurity removal, so that the nickel slag is discharged after the leaching toxicity is qualified, and the method is environment-friendly; meanwhile, the nickel and cobalt contained in the nickel wet refining tailings are recycled, so that the resources are recycled, and the economy is high.

Description

Treatment method of nickel wet refining tailings based on high-temperature oxygen pressure
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high-temperature oxygen pressure.
Background
With the explosion of new energy automobiles, the demand of the ternary power battery is also increased sharply. The core of the ternary power battery is a nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary positive electrode material, which is a nickel sulfate salt serving as an important raw material of a ternary positive electrode material precursor and mainly comes from wet-process refined products of raw materials such as a nickel cobalt hydroxide intermediate product (MHP), a nickel cobalt sulfide intermediate product (MSP), nickel beans, nickel concentrate, nickel matte and the like. In the wet refining process, due to the influence of impurity elements such as phases, iron, aluminum and the like, valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt and the like are dispersed and lost in the tailings in the leaching and purifying processes, so that the recovery rate of the valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt and the like is low, the leaching toxicity in the tailings exceeds the standard and is judged as dangerous waste, and the environmental risk and the treatment cost are increased. Therefore, an effective nickel tailing treatment method is proposed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high-temperature oxygen pressure, which is used for solving the problems that the nickel slag with unqualified leached toxicity can not be directly discharged and more nickel and cobalt are contained in the nickel slag and are not recycled in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a nickel wet refining tailings treatment method based on high-temperature oxygen pressure, which comprises the following steps: pre-dipping ore pulp, oxygen pressure leaching, deeply removing impurities and alkalifying and precipitating nickel and cobalt; the oxygen pressure leaching step specifically comprises: and (3) introducing the pre-soaking slurry obtained in the pre-soaking pulp step into an oxygen pressure kettle, carrying out oxygen pressure leaching, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residues.
Wherein the total pressure of the oxygen pressure leaching is 0.3-2.5 MPa, and the temperature of the oxygen pressure leaching is 120-210 ℃.
Wherein, the pre-soaking pulp specifically comprises the following steps: adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the nickel slag, and presoaking for more than 1h in a normal-pressure environment at the temperature of not less than 70 ℃ to obtain presoaked slurry; the mass ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the nickel slag is 1 (2-10).
Wherein, the depth impurity removing step specifically comprises: adding an oxidant into the leaching solution, adjusting the pH value to 4.8-5.2, reacting for 2 hours, and filtering out the precipitate under normal pressure to obtain a solution after impurity removal.
Wherein, the oxidant is one or a mixture of more of air, oxygen, sodium chlorate and sulfur dioxide; the theoretical addition amount of the oxidant is adapted to the content of ferrous iron in the leaching solution, and the actual addition amount of the oxidant is more than 1.05 times of the theoretical addition amount.
Wherein, the step of alkalizing and precipitating nickel and cobalt specifically comprises the following steps: and adding an alkaline agent into the solution after impurity removal, and reacting to obtain the nickel cobalt hydroxide.
Wherein the alkaline agent is one or a mixture of two of sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, the pH value of the solution after impurity removal is adjusted through the addition amount of the alkaline agent, and the pH value is kept to be 7.0-9.0.
The treatment method of the nickel wet refining tailings based on the high-temperature oxygen pressure further comprises a leaching slag washing step; the leaching residue washing step specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) washing the leached slag with water, and then carrying out alkaline washing to obtain washing liquid and alkaline washing slag, wherein the alkaline washing slag is general solid waste meeting the emission standard.
Wherein, the flushing liquid is introduced into the leaching liquid and is also subjected to the step of deep impurity removal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high-temperature oxygen pressure, which is different from the prior art, and is characterized in that nickel slag is treated in a mode of matching oxygen pressure leaching and deep impurity removal, so that the leached toxicity of the nickel slag is qualified and then discharged, and meanwhile, nickel and cobalt contained in the nickel slag are recycled, so that resources are recycled, and the economy is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the treatment method of nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure in the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure in the present invention. The method for treating the nickel wet refining tailings based on the high-temperature oxygen pressure comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of pre-soaking pulp S1, oxygen pressure leaching S2, deep impurity removal S3, alkalization nickel cobalt precipitation S4 and leaching residue washing S5, wherein the processes of the steps are respectively described in detail below.
S1: and (4) pre-dipping the pulp. The method specifically comprises the following steps: adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the nickel slag, and presoaking for more than 1h in a normal-pressure environment at the temperature of not less than 70 ℃ to obtain presoaked slurry; in the embodiment, the mass ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the nickel slag is 1 (2-10), so that the nickel slag is fully dissolved, and the subsequent step of oxygen pressure leaching S2 is facilitated.
S2: and (4) oxygen pressure leaching. The method specifically comprises the following steps: introducing the pre-leaching solution obtained in the step of pre-leaching ore pulp into an oxygen pressure kettle, performing oxygen pressure leaching, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residues; in the embodiment, the total pressure of oxygen pressure leaching is preferably 0.3-2.5 MPa, the temperature of oxygen pressure leaching is 120-210 ℃, and Fe in the pre-leaching solution is enabled to pass through the oxygen pressure under proper conditions2+Conversion to Fe3+Facilitating the subsequent deep impurity removal S3; the filter press is preferably used as a device for solid-liquid separation, and in other embodiments, similar solid-liquid separation devices or means can be selected according to actual needs, and are not limited herein.
S3: deeply removing impurities. The method specifically comprises the following steps: adding an oxidant into the leaching solution, adjusting the pH value to 3.0-5.5, reacting for 2-8 h, and filtering out the precipitate under normal pressure to obtain a solution after impurity removal; wherein, the oxidant is one or a mixture of more of air, oxygen, sodium chlorate and sulfur dioxide; the theoretical addition amount of the oxidant is adapted to the content of ferrous iron in the leachate, the actual addition amount of the oxidant is more than 1.05 times of the theoretical addition amount, and iron ions are filtered out in a trivalent precipitation mode at normal pressure, so that the content of iron in the leachate after impurity removal is greatly reduced.
S4: and (4) alkalizing and depositing nickel and cobalt. The method specifically comprises the following steps: adding an alkaline agent into the impurity-removed solution to obtain nickel cobalt hydroxide; wherein the alkaline agent is one or a mixture of two of sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, the pH value of the solution after impurity removal is adjusted through the addition amount of the alkaline agent, and the pH value is kept to be 7.0-9.0. In the embodiment, the obtained nickel cobalt hydroxide product can be used for preparing the precursor of the ternary cathode material of the lithium ion battery, so that the nickel cobalt contained in the nickel slag can be effectively recycled, and meanwhile, the treatment cost of the tailings is also obviously reduced.
S5: and washing leached residues. The method specifically comprises the following steps: washing the leached slag with water for 3-5 times, and washing with alkali for 1-2 times to remove the nickel-cobalt-containing solution attached to the surface of the leached slag, thereby obtaining a washing liquid and alkali washing slag; at the moment, the alkaline washing slag is general solid waste meeting the discharge standard, and the washing liquid can be introduced into the leaching solution again and is subjected to the step of deep impurity removal S3 together, so that the nickel and cobalt contained in the washing liquid are recovered, and the recovery rate of the nickel and cobalt is further improved.
The method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure in the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
TABLE 1
Ni Co Mn Fe Al Cr
Raw materials 0.9793% 0.3507% 0.1039% 15.1489% 1.3231% 0.2052%
Taking 200g of nickel hydrometallurgy tailings as raw materials, wherein the mass percentages of the components are shown in table 1, adding 600ml of water for slurrying, adding 80g of concentrated sulfuric acid, and presoaking at 80 ℃ for 1h to obtain presoaked slurry. And (3) introducing the pre-soaked slurry into a pressure kettle, carrying out oxygen pressure leaching at 150 ℃ for 2h, wherein the total pressure in the kettle is 0.45MPa, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residues. Wherein the leaching rate of nickel is 98.5 percent, the leaching rate of manganese is 97.07 percent, the leaching rate of cobalt is 90.5 percent, the leaching rate of iron is 25 percent, the leaching residue contains 0.14 percent of nickel, 0.03 percent of manganese and 0.05 percent of cobalt. Washing the leached slag with water for 3-5 times according to a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1, then carrying out alkali washing for 1-2 times under the condition that the pH value is 8.0-8.5, and washing off a nickel-cobalt-containing solution attached to the surface of the leached slag to obtain a washing liquid and alkali washing slag; at the moment, the caustic washing slag is general solid waste meeting the discharge standard, and washing liquid is introduced into the leaching liquid. Adding liquid alkali into the leaching solution under the condition of introducing air to adjust the pH value to 5.0, reacting for 2 hours at normal temperature, and filtering iron and aluminum impurities to obtain impurity-removed solution. Adding liquid alkali into the solution after impurity removal to adjust the pH to 7.8, stirring and reacting for 4-6 h, and filtering to obtain a nickel cobalt hydroxide product.
Example 2
Taking 200g of nickel hydrometallurgy tailings as raw materials, adding 600ml of water into the nickel hydrometallurgy tailings for slurrying, adding 40g of concentrated sulfuric acid, and presoaking at 80 ℃ for 1h to obtain presoaked slurry, wherein the mass percentages of the components are the same as those in example 1. And (3) introducing the pre-soaked slurry into a pressurized kettle, carrying out oxygen pressure leaching at 180 ℃ for 2h, wherein the total pressure in the kettle is 0.5MPa, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residues. Wherein the leaching rate of nickel is 98.9 percent, the leaching rate of manganese is 98.1 percent, the leaching rate of cobalt is 92 percent, the leaching rate of iron is 15.58 percent, the leaching residue contains 0.09 percent of nickel, 0.02 percent of manganese and 0.022 percent of cobalt. Washing the leached slag with water for 3-5 times according to a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1, carrying out alkali washing for 1-2 times under the condition that the pH value is 8.0-8.5, and washing off a nickel-cobalt-containing solution attached to the surface of the leached slag to obtain a washing liquid and alkali washing slag; at the moment, the caustic washing slag is general solid waste meeting the discharge standard, and washing liquid is introduced into the leaching liquid. Adding liquid alkali into the leaching solution under the condition of introducing air to adjust the pH value to 5.0, reacting for 2 hours at normal temperature, and filtering iron and aluminum impurities to obtain impurity-removed solution. And adding magnesium oxide into the solution after impurity removal to adjust the pH to 7.8, stirring to react for 4-6 h, and filtering to obtain a nickel cobalt hydroxide product.
Example 3
Taking 200g of nickel hydrometallurgy tailings as raw materials, adding 600ml of water into the nickel hydrometallurgy tailings for slurrying, adding 25g of concentrated sulfuric acid, and presoaking at 80 ℃ for 1h to obtain presoaked slurry, wherein the mass percentages of the components are the same as those in example 1. And (3) introducing the pre-soaked slurry into a pressure kettle, carrying out oxygen pressure leaching at 200 ℃ for 4 hours, wherein the total pressure in the kettle is 1.8MPa, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residues. Wherein the leaching rate of nickel is 99.5 percent, the leaching rate of manganese is 99.1 percent, the leaching rate of cobalt is 98 percent, the leaching rate of iron is 5 percent, the leaching residue contains 0.05 percent of nickel, 0.01 percent of manganese and 0.06 percent of cobalt. Washing the leached slag with water for 3-5 times according to a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1, carrying out alkali washing for 1-2 times under the condition that the pH value is 8.0-8.5, and washing off a nickel-cobalt-containing solution attached to the surface of the leached slag to obtain a washing liquid and alkali washing slag; at the moment, the caustic washing slag is general solid waste meeting the discharge standard, and washing liquid is introduced into the leaching liquid. Adding liquid alkali into the leaching solution under the condition of introducing air to adjust the pH value to 5.0, reacting for 2 hours at normal temperature, and filtering iron and aluminum impurities to obtain impurity-removed solution. And adding magnesium oxide into the solution after impurity removal to adjust the pH to 7.8, stirring to react for 4-6 h, and filtering to obtain a nickel cobalt hydroxide product.
The alkaline washing slag in the above examples 1 to 3 was respectively tested and compared with the identification standard of hazardous wastes, and the results are shown in table 2, and it can be seen from table 2 that all the obtained alkaline washing slag 1 to 3 reach the qualified standard, which indicates that the scheme of the present invention can well perform harmless treatment on the nickel slag alkaline washing slag, and simultaneously recycle nickel and cobalt contained in the nickel slag.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002351182480000051
Figure BDA0002351182480000061
The invention provides a method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high-temperature oxygen pressure, which is different from the prior art, and is characterized in that nickel slag is treated in a mode of matching oxygen pressure leaching and deep impurity removal, so that the nickel slag is discharged after alkaline washing slag leaching toxicity is qualified, and nickel and cobalt contained in the nickel slag are recycled, so that resources are recycled, and the economy is high.
It should be noted that the above embodiments belong to the same inventive concept, and the description of each embodiment has a different emphasis, and reference may be made to the description in other embodiments where the description in individual embodiments is not detailed.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A treatment method of nickel wet refining tailings based on high-temperature oxygen pressure is characterized by comprising the following steps: pre-dipping ore pulp, oxygen pressure leaching, deeply removing impurities and alkalifying and precipitating nickel and cobalt;
the oxygen pressure leaching step specifically comprises: and (3) introducing the pre-soaking slurry obtained in the pre-soaking pulp step into an oxygen pressure kettle, carrying out oxygen pressure leaching, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residues.
2. The method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total pressure of oxygen pressure leaching is 0.3-2.5 MPa, and the temperature of oxygen pressure leaching is 120-210 ℃.
3. The method for processing nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-pulp pre-soaking step specifically comprises: adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the nickel slag, and presoaking for more than 1h in a normal-pressure environment at the temperature of not less than 70 ℃ to obtain presoaked slurry;
the mass ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the nickel slag is 1 (2-10).
4. The method for processing the nickel wet refining tailings based on the high-temperature oxygen pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deep impurity removal step specifically comprises: adding an oxidant into the leachate, adjusting the pH value to 3.0-5.5, reacting for 2-8 h, and filtering out the precipitate under normal pressure to obtain a solution after impurity removal.
5. The method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the oxidant is one or more of air, oxygen, sodium chlorate, hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide/air;
the theoretical addition amount of the oxidant is adapted to the content of ferrous iron in the leachate, and the actual addition amount of the oxidant is more than 1.05 times of the theoretical addition amount.
6. The method for processing the nickel wet refining tailings based on the high-temperature oxygen pressure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of alkalifying and depositing nickel and cobalt specifically comprises the following steps: and adding an alkaline agent into the solution after impurity removal, and reacting to obtain the nickel cobalt hydroxide.
7. The method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the alkaline agent is one or a mixture of two of sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, the pH value of the solution after impurity removal is adjusted by the addition amount of the alkaline agent, and the pH value is kept at 7.0-9.0.
8. The method for processing nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for processing nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure further comprises a leaching slag washing step;
the leaching residue washing step specifically comprises the following steps: and washing the leaching slag with water, and then performing alkaline washing to obtain washing liquid and alkaline washing slag, wherein the alkaline washing slag is general solid waste meeting the emission standard.
9. The method for treating nickel wet refining tailings based on high temperature oxygen pressure according to claim 8, wherein the washing solution is introduced into the leaching solution, and the deep impurity removal step is performed together.
CN201911415874.2A 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 Treatment method of nickel wet refining tailings based on high-temperature oxygen pressure Pending CN111100991A (en)

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CN114405979A (en) * 2021-12-20 2022-04-29 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 Cobalt-nickel tailing treatment method

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