CN114403093A - Method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chicken with high black-bone color - Google Patents
Method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chicken with high black-bone color Download PDFInfo
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- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 210000002976 pectoralis muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000002979 Influenza in Birds Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chickens with high black color degree, which comprises the following steps: (1) taking silky black-bone chicken as a first male parent, namely an S1 line; (2) taking silky fowl as female parent, namely S2 line; (3) taking silky black-bone chicken as a breeding material, and introducing recessive white-feather chicken blood line as a terminal male parent, namely a B line; (4) producing parent generation S1S2 line with S1 line and S2 line; (5) commercial chicken BS1S2 was produced in line B and parental line S1S 2. The invention utilizes the system
The male parent and the third parent are matched with each other to produce a commercial generation (BS1S2), the commercial generation cock and the commercial generation hen have the characteristic of complete ten, the uniformity of the black color degree reaches more than 90%, the brightness L values of the back skin, the chest skin and the leg skin of the commercial generation on the market at 70-75 days are not higher than 40, 35 and 35, the carcass is attractive, the meat quality is good, and the carcass meets the requirement of medium-speed carcass productionSlaughtered high-quality chickens can be listed on the market standard, and live chickens can be listed on the market.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of medium-speed black-bone chickens with high blackness degree.
Background
The black-bone chicken is an important component of high-quality broiler chickens and is favored by consumers because of extremely high nutritional value and medicinal value. The tonic effect of black-bone chicken is mainly based on its melanin content. The economic and medicinal values of melanin are closely related to the 'black color' of black-bone chicken. People are used to judge the quality of the black-bone chicken according to the depth of the black-bone chicken, the black-bone chicken depends on the melanin content of the body and directly influences the quality and the efficacy of the black-bone chicken, and the black-bone chicken has higher black-bone color and higher melanin content.
The black-bone chicken has high price, the breeding benefit is much higher than that of the common chicken, and the market prospect is better and better along with the attention of people on food safety and health care. At present, the black-bone chicken varieties in China include silky feather black-bone chicken, bamboo-silk chicken, Jinhu black-bone chicken, Yugan black-bone chicken and the like, and live chicken is mainly listed on the market. However, in recent years, under the influence of avian influenza and new crown epidemic situations, the agricultural department proposes a 16-shaped policy of 'scale breeding, concentrated slaughtering, cold chain distribution and ice freshness marketing', the live chicken markets in various places are gradually closed, and black-bone chickens are mainly slaughtered and marketed in the future.
The black color degree of the skin and the muscle of the black-bone chicken gradually becomes lighter along with the increase of the week age. At present, in most local black-bone chicken varieties in the market, the growth speed is low, the time of marketing (about 120 days) is slow, the skin blackness is shallow and uneven, carcasses are not beautiful enough, and the black-bone chicken varieties are not suitable for marketing after slaughter. Medium-speed high-quality chickens usually come into the market in 70-95 days. In order to improve the growth speed and the black color of local black-bone chicken varieties and simultaneously keep the meat quality of the local black-bone chicken varieties, local black-bone chicken germplasm resources and the growth speed possessed by foreign excellent chicken breeds need to be fully fused, and a new high-quality medium-speed black-bone chicken variety which is moderate in growth speed, high in skin black color, attractive in carcass, good in meat quality, suitable for slaughtering and living chicken to come into the market is cultivated, can generate better economic benefit, is the basis of industrial transformation, and is the urgent need of high-quality broiler enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a breeding method of a medium-speed type black-bone chicken with high black-bone color degree and a medium-speed type black-bone chicken with high black-bone color degree bred by the breeding method, the breeding method breeds the chicken with stable heredity through a three-line matching mode, breeds live chicken with the packaging properties of mulberry crowns, five claws, black skin, black meat and black bone and the packaging properties of chicken with the characteristics of full-fleshy parts (mulberry crowns, tassel heads, green ears, beard, silkfeather, hair feet, five claws, black skin, black meat and black bone), can be directly used for producing new black-bone chicken varieties with high black color degree and is suitable for being slaughtered to the market.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chicken with high silkiness, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting silky black-bone chickens as breeding materials, selecting and reserving male chickens and female chickens with the 'perfect' characteristic, and performing self-propagation, and mainly selecting the weight, the meat production performance and the skin blackness degree to form a special new black-bone chicken strain with the 'perfect' characteristic and high growth speed, wherein the special new black-bone chicken strain serves as a first male parent, namely an S1 line;
(2) selecting male and female chickens with perfect characteristics by taking silky black-bone chickens as breeding materials, and intensively selecting reproductive performance and skin blackness to form a specialized new strain with perfect characteristics and good reproductive performance as a female parent, namely an S2 line;
(3) the silky-feather black-bone chicken is taken as a breeding material, the recessive white-feather chicken ancestry is introduced, male black-bone chicken and female black-bone chicken with the 'perfect' characteristic are selected from offspring, growth speed, skin blackness degree, chest and leg muscle development condition and slaughtering performance are selected in an emphasized manner, and a special new black-bone chicken strain with the 'perfect' characteristic, high growth speed, good skin blackness degree and good skin blackness degree is formed and is taken as a terminal male parent, namely a B line;
(4) producing a parent generation S1S2 line by taking the S1 line cultivated in the step (1) as a first male parent and the S2 line cultivated in the step (2) as a female parent;
(5) and (4) taking the B line bred in the step (3) as a terminal male parent, selecting the hens of the parent generation S1S2 line in the step (4) as a terminal female parent, and producing commercial chickens BS1S 2.
Preferably, in the step (1), the S1 is that the average laying day age of the remaining breeds is 160 days, the number of eggs laid by hens entering the henhouse in 66 weeks is 160, the weight of 300-day-old cocks is 2.40-2.60 kg, and the weight of hens is 2.00-2.10 kg.
Preferably, in the step (2), the S2 is that the average laying day age of the selected breeders is 150 days, the number of eggs laid by hens entering the henhouse at 66 weeks is 145, the weight of 300-day-old cocks is 2.10-2.25 kg, and the weight of hens is 1.65-1.80 kg.
Preferably, in the step (3), the B is that the average laying day age of the selected and remained chicken breeds is 150 days, the number of eggs laid by the hens in the henhouse is 140 in 66 weeks, the weight of the 300-day-old cocks is 3.00-3.15 kg, and the weight of the hens is 2.40-2.55 kg.
Preferably, the chicken seeds in the steps (1) to (3) are bred for 5-8 generations respectively.
Preferably, in the step (5), the commercial chickens are slaughtered and marketed at 70-75 days, live cock and hen chickens have the characteristic of 'perfect', and simultaneously have the carcass packaging characteristics of 'mulberry crown, five claws, black skin, black meat and black bone', the uniformity of black color is more than 90%, the brightness L values of dorsal skin, chest skin and leg skin are not higher than 40, 35 and 35, the average weights of the marketed cock and hen are 1.50 kg, the weight variation coefficient is within 5%, the slaughter rate is more than 90%, the total bore cleaning rate is more than 67%, the chest muscle rate is more than 17%, and the leg muscle rate is more than 22%.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes a black-bone chicken specialized strain (S1 line) with the characteristics of 'perfect' and high growth speed and skin black color as a first male parent, takes a black-bone chicken specialized new strain (S2 line) with the characteristics of 'perfect' and high reproduction performance and skin muscle black color as a female parent, takes an S1 line and an S2 line hybridized to produce a parent generation (S1S2 line) as a terminal female parent, takes a black-bone chicken specialized strain (B line) with the characteristics of 'perfect' and high black color containing recessive white feather chicken blood system and high growth speed as a terminal male parent, and utilizes a line B + x (S1 line x S2 line) and a female parent-male parent-female line to produce a commercial generation (BS1S2) in a matched mode, wherein the commercial generation male parent has the characteristics of 'perfect', and the black color uniformity reaches more than 90%. The chickens come into the market at 70-75 days of age in the commercial generation, the average weight of the hens on the market is 1.20-1.35 kg, the average weight of the cocks is 1.85-2.0 kg, the weight variation coefficient is within 5%, the meat production performance of the cocks and the hens is good, the slaughtering rate exceeds 90%, the total evisceration rate exceeds 67%, the pectoral muscle rate exceeds 17%, the leg muscle rate exceeds 22%, the brightness L values of the back skin, the chest skin and the leg skin are not higher than 40, 35 and 35, the carcass is attractive, the meat quality is good, the carcass meets the marketing standard of medium-speed slaughtered high-quality chickens, and meanwhile, the live chickens can come into the market.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the production of the three series of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to explain the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The skin black and the meat black are in extremely obvious positive correlation, and the melanin deposition condition in the viscera, the periosteum and the muscle can be accurately judged by means of the skin black degree. In the following examples, the skin tone value (flesh tone lightness L value) was measured to indirectly select the tone value of other organs such as muscles. The lightness L value is inversely related to the skin darkness (the lower the L value, the higher the skin darkness, the higher the melanin content).
Examples
A medium-speed black-bone chicken with high black-bone color is cultivated by the following method:
(1) the fast growing line of the Guangdong local variety of the bamboo thread chicken is taken as a breeding material, and a fast growing line (S1 line) with a relatively fast growing speed of the 'perfect' characteristic is established and taken as a first male parent. Selecting male and female chickens with complete characteristics and high growth speed for self-reproduction, selecting and reserving high-yield female chickens according to individual body weight and egg laying records, selecting and reserving male chickens with high growth speed and good meat production performance, and carrying out 6-generation breeding. Selecting and reserving 2.40-2.60 kg of the weight of a cock with the age of 300 days, 2.00-2.10 kg of the weight of a hen, and 160 eggs are averagely laid by hens entering the henhouse in 66 weeks after the average day of laying.
(2) Taihe silky fowl (S2 line) was used as female parent. Selecting male and female chickens with the 'perfect' characteristic for self propagation, selecting and reserving 2.10-2.25 kg of the weight of a 300-day-old male chicken and 1.65-1.80 kg of the weight of a female chicken according to individual weight and egg laying records, keeping the average day of birth for 150 days, putting the female chicken in a house for 66 weeks for laying 145 eggs, and establishing a specialized black-bone chicken strain with good reproductive performance and high black color degree through breeding for 6 generations.
(3) The method is characterized in that Fujian velvet black-bone chicken is taken as a breeding material, recessive white-feather chicken ancestry is introduced, and a special new black-bone chicken strain (B strain) with complete characteristics is formed by generation breeding and serves as a terminal male parent. Selecting male chickens and female chickens with the 'perfect' characteristic for self propagation, selecting and reserving 3.00-3.15 kg of the weight of a 300-day-old male chicken and 2.40-2.55 kg of the weight of a female chicken according to the individual weight and egg laying records, enabling the egg laying rate to reach 85% in a peak period and laying 140 eggs in 66 weeks, and establishing the special black-bone chicken strain with the 'perfect' characteristic and good black color through breeding of 6 generations.
The three-line matching production mode is B (S1 (S2) and the male parent and the female parent as shown in the figure 1.
(4) The Guangdong bamboo thread chicken fast growing line (S1 line) with the 'perfect' characteristic and Taihe silky black-bone chicken (S2 line) with the 'perfect' characteristic are hybridized to generate a parent generation (S1S1 line), and the appearance of the parent generation male chicken and the female chicken has the 'perfect' characteristic of the standard silky black-bone chicken variety.
(5) A silky feather black-bone chicken (B line) imported into the blood system of recessive white-feather chicken is taken as a terminal male parent, and an S1S2 line is taken as a terminal female parent (with the characteristic of 'perfect') to produce commercial chicken (BS1S2) in a matching way.
The commercial cock and hen generation has the 'perfect' characteristic, the cock and hen are listed at 70-75 days old, the weight of the listed hen is 1.20-1.30 kg averagely, the weight of the cock is 1.85-2.10 kg averagely, the weight variation coefficient is 4-5%, the black color of the cock and hen is high, the carcass is attractive, the meat production performance is good, the meat quality is good, and the market standard of medium-speed slaughter type high-quality chickens is met. The indexes of the commercial product such as weight, slaughter performance, skin blackness, meat quality, body size and the like are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 slaughter Performance, meat quality, skin tone, body size (mean. + -. standard deviation) of commercial male and female hens
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chickens with high black color degree is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting silky black-bone chickens as breeding materials, selecting and reserving male chickens and female chickens with the 'perfect' characteristic, and performing self-propagation, and mainly selecting the weight, the meat production performance and the skin blackness degree to form a special new black-bone chicken strain with the 'perfect' characteristic and high growth speed, wherein the special new black-bone chicken strain serves as a first male parent, namely an S1 line;
(2) selecting male and female chickens with perfect characteristics by taking silky black-bone chickens as breeding materials, and intensively selecting reproductive performance and skin blackness to form a specialized new strain with perfect characteristics and good reproductive performance as a female parent, namely an S2 line;
(3) the silky-feather black-bone chicken is taken as a breeding material, the recessive white-feather chicken ancestry is introduced, male black-bone chicken and female black-bone chicken with the 'perfect' characteristic are selected from offspring, growth speed, skin blackness degree, chest and leg muscle development condition and slaughtering performance are selected in an emphasized manner, and a special new black-bone chicken strain with the 'perfect' characteristic, high growth speed, good skin blackness degree and good skin blackness degree is formed and is taken as a terminal male parent, namely a B line;
(4) producing a parent generation S1S2 line by taking the S1 line cultivated in the step (1) as a first male parent and the S2 line cultivated in the step (2) as a female parent;
(5) and (4) taking the B line bred in the step (3) as a terminal male parent, selecting the hens of the parent generation S1S2 line in the step (4) as a terminal female parent, and producing commercial chickens BS1S 2.
2. The method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chickens with high silkiness index according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the S1 series comprises selecting chickens with average day-of-birth age of 160 days, laying number of 160 hens in the house at 66 weeks, weight of 2.40-2.60 kg for 300-day-old cocks, and weight of 2.00-2.10 kg for hens.
3. The method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chickens with high silkiness index according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the S2 line selects and leaves breeders with an average open-laying day age of 150 days, the number of eggs laid by hens entering a shed at 66 weeks is 145, the weight of 300-day-old cocks is 2.10-2.25 kg, and the weight of hens is 1.65-1.80 kg.
4. The method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chickens with high silkiness index according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the B line is selected to leave the breeders with an average laying day age of 150 days, the breeders are 66 weeks and enter the henhouse to lay eggs for 140, the weight of 300-day-old cocks is 3.00-3.15 kg, and the weight of hens is 2.40-2.55 kg.
5. The method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chickens with high silky color according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the breeders in the steps (1) to (3) are bred through 5 to 8 generations respectively.
6. The method for breeding medium-speed black-bone chickens with high dark color intensity as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (5), the commercial chickens are slaughtered to come into the market at 70-75 days of age, live cock and hen chickens have the characteristic of complete chicken, and have the carcass packaging characteristics of mulberry crown, five paws, black skin, black meat and black bone, the uniformity of the dark color intensity is more than 90%, the brightness L values of back skin, chest skin and leg skin are not higher than 40, 35 and 35, the average body weight of the marketed cock and hen is 1.50 kg, the weight variation coefficient is within 5%, the slaughter rate is more than 90%, the total smoothie rate is more than 67%, the breast muscle rate is more than 17%, and the leg muscle rate is more than 22%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116019061A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-04-28 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Cultivation method for medium-fast slaughter type high-quality chickens |
| CN116058330A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-05-05 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Method for cultivating high-quality chickens with precocity and long chicken spacing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104161017A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2014-11-26 | 兴文县新星农业发展有限责任公司 | Novel black-bone chicken breeding method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104161017A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2014-11-26 | 兴文县新星农业发展有限责任公司 | Novel black-bone chicken breeding method |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116058330A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-05-05 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Method for cultivating high-quality chickens with precocity and long chicken spacing |
| CN116058330B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-08-22 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Method for cultivating high-quality chickens with precocity and long chicken spacing |
| CN116019061A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-04-28 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Cultivation method for medium-fast slaughter type high-quality chickens |
| CN116019061B (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-07-07 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Cultivation method for medium-fast slaughter type high-quality chickens |
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