CN114402778B - Method for designing controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest based on soil testing formula analysis - Google Patents

Method for designing controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest based on soil testing formula analysis Download PDF

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CN114402778B
CN114402778B CN202111635068.3A CN202111635068A CN114402778B CN 114402778 B CN114402778 B CN 114402778B CN 202111635068 A CN202111635068 A CN 202111635068A CN 114402778 B CN114402778 B CN 114402778B
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CN114402778A (en
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桂仁意
余英
易桂林
张艳丽
王茜
宋华
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Sichuan Shiliwang Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Yibin Forest And Bamboo Industry Research Institute
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Yibin Forest And Bamboo Industry Research Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007Determining fertilization requirements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for designing a controlled release fertilizer for a bamboo forest based on soil testing formula analysis, and relates to the technical field of development of controlled release fertilizers for bamboo forests. Mainly comprises the following steps: s1, selecting and setting experimentally; s2, sample investigation: performing background investigation on the set sample areas respectively, investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo seeds, and investigating the change of soil nutrients and the bag fertilizer; s3, sample analysis: analyzing and determining different nutrient requirements in the growth process of the bamboo seeds by analyzing the change before and after the soil nutrient and the nutrient of the bamboo seeds in the step S2, and calculating the required utilization rate of the nutrients required by the bamboo seeds to the soil; analyzing and judging the absorption and utilization rate of the soil to the bag fertilizer through the change of the components before and after the bag fertilizer and the change of the soil nutrients before and after the bag fertilizer; s4, developing a controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo forest. The invention can greatly improve the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate, greatly reduce the dosage of the traditional fertilizer, reduce the fertilizing amount per mu by more than 30 percent compared with the traditional implementation amount, greatly reduce the application cost and protect the ecological environment.

Description

Method for designing controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest based on soil testing formula analysis
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of development of controlled release fertilizers for bamboo forests, in particular to a method for designing a controlled release fertilizer for a bamboo forest based on soil testing formula analysis.
Background
The fertilizer is the most effective way for improving the productivity of the bamboo forests, and the special controlled release fertilizer is characterized in that effective nutrients are synchronously supplied according to the growth rule curve of crops, so that the effective utilization rate of the fertilizer nutrients is greatly improved, and on the premise of ensuring the growth of the crops, the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate can be greatly improved compared with that of the fertilizer with the same concentration, and the dosage of the traditional fertilizer can be greatly reduced (the fertilizing amount per mu is reduced by more than 30 percent compared with that of the traditional implementation). The controlled release fertilizer has the advantages of reducing the fertilizing amount, saving the fertilizer production raw materials (coal, electricity and natural gas), improving the fertilizer utilization rate, reducing the ecological environment pollution and the like, so the controlled release fertilizer is called as a high-tech environment-friendly fertilizer in the 21 st century and becomes the development direction of the fertilizer industry.
However, the controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forests on the market at present is generally a specific fertilizer, the formula of the fertilizer cannot be adjusted according to different bamboo types or different planting modes, and the fertilizer cannot be adjusted correspondingly according to the fertilizer requirement rule and the soil nutrient capability of the bamboo, so that the fertilizer application amount is large in the process of planting the bamboo, the fertilizer application cost is increased seriously, and meanwhile, the use of a large amount of fertilizer is easy to destroy the ecological environment and does not meet the requirements of national sustainable development strategy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for designing a controlled release fertilizer for a bamboo forest based on soil testing formula analysis, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention mainly adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for designing a controlled release fertilizer for a bamboo forest based on soil testing formula analysis mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, experimentally selecting and experimentally setting: adopting two groups of test schemes, namely, establishing random observation sample areas on selected hard yellow bamboo, and Mianzhu forest lands according to actual conditions, setting 3 kinds of fertilization treatments of blank control, chemical fertilizer and bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer, wherein each treatment is provided with three repeated sample areas, and the area of each sample area is 150 square meters; setting blank control, chemical fertilizer and 3 kinds of fertilizer treatment of controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest in selected square bamboo forest land and bitter bamboo forest land, wherein each treatment is provided with three repeated sample lands, and the area of each sample land is 100 square meters;
s2, sample investigation: performing background investigation on the set sample areas respectively, investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo seeds, and investigating the change of soil nutrients and the bag fertilizer;
s3, sample analysis: analyzing and determining different nutrient requirements in the growth process of the bamboo seeds by analyzing the change before and after the soil nutrient and the nutrient of the bamboo seeds in the step S2, and calculating the required utilization rate of the nutrients required by the bamboo seeds to the soil; analyzing and judging the absorption and utilization rate of the soil to the bag fertilizer through the change of the components before and after the bag fertilizer and the change of the soil nutrients before and after the bag fertilizer;
s4, developing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer: the formula and the application amount of the bamboo forest control fertilizer are adjusted through the absorption and utilization rate of the soil to the bag fertilizer and the required utilization rate of nutrients required by the bamboo seeds to the soil.
In the present invention, in the step S2, the method for performing background investigation on the sample plot is as follows: digging a soil section of a sample area, sampling three layers, respectively taking 500 g of soil samples with the soil depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm, analyzing the soil, and investigating the bamboo forest structure and the climate and geographic environment related indexes of the soil.
Further, the content of the soil analysis comprises soil volume weight, pH value, organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content; the bamboo forest structure comprises investigation plant number, age structure, breast diameter and plant height.
In the invention, in the step S2, the method for investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo species comprises the following steps: digging part of edible bamboo shoots and harvesting part of new-born bamboo, and measuring the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the digging bamboo shoots and harvesting new-born bamboo for statistical analysis of the nutrient requirements of the growth of bamboo seeds.
Preferably, 10 bamboo shoots are dug and 10 new bamboo shoots are harvested from each plot.
In the invention, in the step S2, the method for investigating the change of the soil nutrients and the bag fertilizer comprises the following steps: in the test sample field, taking a soil sample every half month, analyzing and detecting the change condition of nutrients in each layer of soil, monitoring the bag fertilizer, taking out the bag fertilizer from the buried soil, drying, weighing, and measuring and calculating the fertilizer loss.
Further, in the step S3, a calculation formula of a specific nutrient requirement in the growth process of the bamboo seeds is as follows: Δx=x Inspection and detection %-X Starting from the beginning In which X is Inspection and detection % is the content of the specific nutrient, X, contained in the bamboo species Starting from the beginning % is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo species at the last detection.
Further, in the step S3, the bag fertilizer is applied before and afterVariation of composition Δy=y Inspection and detection %-Y Starting from the beginning In which Y is% Inspection and detection % is the content of a specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer, Y Starting from the beginning % is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer during the last detection; the change of the components before and after each layer of the soil is DeltaZ=Z Inspection and detection %-Z Starting from the beginning In which Z is% Inspection and detection % is the content of a specific nutrient contained in the soil of the layer, Z Starting from the beginning % is the content of the particular nutrient contained in the layer of soil at the time of the last detection.
Further, in the step S4, the change of the same nutrient content in the bamboo seed, the soil and the bag fertilizer is calculated, the required utilization rate of the nutrient required by the bamboo seed to the soil is Δx/Δy, and the absorption and utilization rate of the nutrient in the soil to the bag fertilizer is Δy/((Δz) 1 +△Z 2 +……△Z n ) N), wherein DeltaZ 1 In the first layer of soil, the nutrient changes back and forth, delta Z 2 In the second layer of soil, the nutrient changes back and forth, and DeltaZ n In the soil of the nth layer, the nutrient changes back and forth, and n is the layer number of the soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, effective nutrients are synchronously supplied according to the growth rule curve of crops, so that the effective utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients is greatly improved, and on the premise of ensuring the growth of crops, the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate is greatly improved compared with that of the fertilizer with the same concentration, so that the dosage of the traditional fertilizer is greatly reduced, the fertilizing amount per mu is reduced by more than 30% compared with that of the traditional implementation amount, the application cost is greatly reduced, and the ecological environment is protected;
2. the fertilization labor cost is saved by about 100 yuan/mu, the operation cost is reduced, the conventional bamboo forest fertilization habit is changed, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are obvious.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
1. Examples
1. Experimentally selecting and testing settings
Selecting a green-screen-area dam town village bitter bamboo forest land, a Xingjiang county, a Fengxiang group fish village square bamboo forest land, a Gu Songzhen large Tian Wancun hard yellow bamboo forest land, a large river county, a white and bright village giant yellow bamboo forest land, and a Jiangan county Jiangan and Jiangan town synonymous village soft bamboo forest land as a test land.
Two groups of test schemes are adopted in research, namely, random observation sample areas are established on selected hard-head yellow bamboo, artificial yellow bamboo and soft bamboo forest lands according to the actual conditions of terrains and bamboo forest lands, 3 kinds of fertilizer treatment of blank control, chemical fertilizer and special controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo forest are arranged, three repeated sample areas are arranged in each treatment, and the area of each sample area is 150 square meters; and secondly, setting blank control, chemical fertilizer and 3 kinds of special controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo forest in the selected square bamboo forest land and the bitter bamboo forest land, wherein each treatment is provided with three repeated sample lands, and the area of each sample land is 100 square meters.
2. Investigation method
Performing background investigation on the set sample areas respectively, investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo seeds, and investigating the change of soil nutrients and the bag fertilizer;
(1) Background investigation
Background investigation was conducted on the set plots: soil profile of a sample area is excavated, three layers of soil samples are respectively taken, 500 g of soil samples with the soil depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm are respectively taken, soil analysis is carried out, and relevant indexes such as soil nutrient (indexes such as soil volume weight, pH value, organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and the like), bamboo forest structure (indexes such as investigation plant number, age structure, breast diameter, plant height and the like) and climate, geographical environment and the like are investigated.
(2) Investigation of main nutrient requirements of bamboo seed growth on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like
Investigation and statistics are carried out on the new bamboo shoots and the new bamboo, edible part of the bamboo shoots and the new bamboo of the harvest part of the new bamboo (10 bamboo shoots and 10 bamboo plants are picked and dug in each sample area), and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the dug bamboo shoots and the new bamboo of the harvest are measured and used for statistical analysis of the growth of the bamboo seeds for the opposite cultureThe method is characterized by comprising the following steps of dividing requirements, wherein a calculation formula of a specific nutrient requirement in the growth process of the bamboo seeds is as follows: Δx=x Inspection and detection %-X Starting from the beginning In which X is Inspection and detection % is the content of the specific nutrient, X, contained in the bamboo species Starting from the beginning % is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo species at the last detection.
(3) Investigation of changes of soil nutrients and bag fertilizers
In a test sample field, taking a soil sample every half month, detecting indexes such as organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and the like in soil, carrying out statistical analysis on nutrient change conditions, monitoring the bag-type fertilizer, taking the bag-type fertilizer out of buried soil, drying, weighing, measuring and calculating the fertilizer loss, and burying the fertilizer bag back to the original place. Wherein the change DeltaY=Y of the components before and after the bag fertilizer Inspection and detection %-Y Starting from the beginning In which Y is% Inspection and detection % is the content of a specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer, Y Starting from the beginning % is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo species at the last detection; the change of the components before and after each layer of the soil is DeltaZ=Z Inspection and detection %-Z Starting from the beginning In which Z is% Inspection and detection % is the content of a specific nutrient contained in the soil of the layer, Z Starting from the beginning % is the content of the particular nutrient contained in the layer of soil at the time of the last detection.
2. Sample analysis method
(1) Soil sample
Moisture content: direct drying assay, pH: LY/T1228-2015, nitrogen: LY/T1228-2015, phosphorus: LY/T1232-2015, potassium: LY/T1234-2015.
(2) Plant sample:
the method is mainly used for measuring the contents of moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and the measuring method is referred to a soil sample measuring method.
4. Formulation of controlled release fertilizer special for developing bamboo forest
Based on the existing research, the statistical analysis data of the main nutrient requirements of the bamboo species growth on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and the soil nutrient change are combined, and the soil requirement of the nutrient required by the bamboo species is calculatedThe utilization rate and the absorption and utilization rate of the soil to the bag fertilizer are calculated by the change of the same nutrient content in the bamboo seeds, the soil and the bag fertilizer, and the required utilization rate of the nutrient required by the bamboo seeds to the soil is delta X/[ delta ] Y, and the absorption and utilization rate of the nutrient in the soil to the bag fertilizer is delta Y/([ delta Z) 1 +△Z 2 +……△Z n ) N), wherein DeltaZ 1 In the first layer of soil, the nutrient changes back and forth, delta Z 2 In the first layer of soil, the nutrient changes back and forth, delta Z n In the soil of the nth layer, the nutrient changes back and forth, and n is the layer number of the soil.
3. Test examples
1. Trial production of special controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest
(1) The controlled release fertilizer formula prepared by Sichuan Shi Liwang agricultural technology development Co., ltd according to the analysis data and the data is used for developing trial production and pilot scale of the controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forests and producing the fertilizer required by the application demonstration test.
(2) And (3) packaging material selection: degradable paper-plastic composite materials with different perforation densities are selected as the special controlled release fertilizer packaging material for the bamboo forest.
(3) The packaging mode is as follows: and (5) bagging, namely, bagging 250g of fertilizer per bag.
2. Yield evaluation after fertilization
After fertilization, investigation of the bamboo shoot yield and the bamboo wood yield is carried out on the bamboo shoot forests and the wood forests respectively, and the influence on the yield after fertilization is analyzed and evaluated.
3. By using test forest construction
The special controlled release fertilizer for constructing the bamboo forest is applied to the test forest for 60 mu. Meanwhile, a fixed observation sample plot (a radial flow field is built on the ku-bamboo forest land) is arranged in the test forest so as to facilitate the research and study of the follow-up fertilizer efficiency.
Application of fertilizer special for bamboo forests: the new bamboos are reserved in the bitter bamboo forest according to 300 plants, and a special fertilizer 1 bag is applied under each new bamboo plant (namely, 75kg of fertilizer is applied per mu, which is reduced by 50% compared with 150kg of fertilizer applied in the prior art); the square bamboos are reserved according to 400 strains, and 1 bag of special fertilizer is applied under each new strain (namely, 100kg of fertilizer is applied per mu and is reduced by 33% compared with 150kg of fertilizer applied in the prior art); the special fertilizer is applied to the yellow bamboo with hard heads, the Mianzhu and the giant yellow bamboo according to each cluster around the bamboo clusters (i.e. 1.25kg of fertilizer is applied to each cluster, which is reduced by 37.5% compared with 2kg of fertilizer applied in the prior art).
Meanwhile, in order to examine the effect of the controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest prepared by the invention, the market general fertilizer is used as a positive control, the blank test land is used as a blank control (i.e. no fertilizer is applied in the test land), and the ratio of the breast diameter of the new bamboo of Mianzhu to the N, P, K content in different experiments is examined, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure GDA0004256654670000051
Figure GDA0004256654670000061
The N, P, K content of the square bamboo shoots was compared, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2
Figure GDA0004256654670000062
Figure GDA0004256654670000071
The amount of the square bamboo shoots was compared, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Sample area: 100 square meters: plant strain, kg
Figure GDA0004256654670000072
The comparison of the amount of the hard head yellow bamboo shoots is shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
Investigation area: 100 square meters: clumps and strains
Figure GDA0004256654670000073
Figure GDA0004256654670000081
The bamboo shoot yield of the yellow bamboo as a paradox was compared, and the results are shown in Table 5 below.
TABLE 5
Investigation area: 100 square meters: clumps and strains
Figure GDA0004256654670000082
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The method for designing the controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo forest based on soil testing formula analysis is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of:
s1, experimentally selecting and experimentally setting: adopting two groups of test schemes, namely, establishing random observation sample areas on selected hard yellow bamboo, and Mianzhu forest lands according to actual conditions, setting 3 kinds of fertilization treatments of blank control, chemical fertilizer and bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer, wherein each treatment is provided with three repeated sample areas, and the area of each sample area is 150 square meters; setting blank control, chemical fertilizer and 3 kinds of fertilizer treatment of controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest in selected square bamboo forest land and bitter bamboo forest land, wherein each treatment is provided with three repeated sample lands, and the area of each sample land is 100 square meters;
s2, sample investigation: performing background investigation on the set sample areas respectively, investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo seeds, and investigating the change of soil nutrients and the bag fertilizer; in the step, the method for investigating the change of soil nutrients and the bag fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking a soil sample every half month in a test sample land, analyzing and detecting the change condition of nutrients in each layer of soil, monitoring the bag fertilizer, taking out the bag fertilizer from the buried soil, drying, weighing, and measuring and calculating the fertilizer loss;
s3, sample analysis: analyzing and determining different nutrient requirements in the growth process of the bamboo seeds by analyzing the change before and after the soil nutrient and the nutrient of the bamboo seeds in the step S2, and calculating the required utilization rate of the nutrients required by the bamboo seeds to the soil; analyzing and judging the absorption and utilization rate of the soil to the bag fertilizer through the change of the components before and after the bag fertilizer and the change of the soil nutrients before and after the bag fertilizer;
s4, developing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer: the formula and the application amount of the bamboo forest control fertilizer are adjusted according to the absorption and utilization rate of the soil to the bag fertilizer and the required utilization rate of nutrients required by the bamboo seeds to the soil;
s5, evaluating yield after fertilization: according to the demand of fertilizer available nutrients and by combining with investigation data from years, the bamboo shoot dual-purpose forest N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The ratio of O is 5:2:2, bamboo shoot forest N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The ratio of O is 11:7:7, two formula production; constructing a special controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo forest, and applying a test forest for 60 mu; after fertilization, investigation of the yield of the bamboo shoots and the yield of the bamboo is carried out on the bamboo shoot forests and the bamboo shoot wood forests respectively, and the influence on the yield after fertilization is analyzed and evaluated;
in the step S2, the method for conducting background investigation on the sample plot comprises the following steps: digging a soil section of a sample area, sampling three layers, respectively taking 500 g of soil samples with the soil depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm for soil analysis, and investigating the bamboo forest structure and the climate and geographic environment related indexes of the soil area;
in the step S3, a calculation formula of a specific nutrient requirement in the growth process of the bamboo seeds is as follows: Δx=x Inspection and detection %-X Starting from the beginning In which X is Inspection and detection % is the content of the specific nutrient, X, contained in the bamboo species Starting from the beginning % is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo species at the last detection;
in the step S3, the change Δy=y of the components before and after the bag fertilizer Inspection and detection %-Y Starting from the beginning In which Y is% Inspection and detection % is the content of a specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer, Y Starting from the beginning % is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer during the last detection; the change of the components before and after each layer of the soil is DeltaZ=Z Inspection and detection %-Z Starting from the beginning In which Z is% Inspection and detection % is the content of a specific nutrient contained in the soil of the layer, Z Starting from the beginning % is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the layer of soil at the last detection;
in the step S4, the change of the same nutrient content in the bamboo seeds, the soil and the bag fertilizer is calculated, the required utilization rate of the nutrient required by the bamboo seeds to the soil is delta X/[ delta ] Y, and the absorption utilization rate of the nutrient in the soil to the bag fertilizer is delta Y/([ delta ] Z) 1 +△Z 2 +……△Z n ) N), wherein DeltaZ 1 In the first layer of soil, the nutrient changes back and forth, delta Z 2 In the second layer of soil, the nutrient changes back and forth, and DeltaZ n In the soil of the nth layer, the nutrient changes back and forth, and n is the layer number of the soil.
2. The method for designing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis according to claim 1, wherein the content of the soil analysis comprises soil volume weight, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content; the bamboo forest structure comprises investigation plant number, age structure, breast diameter and plant height.
3. The method for designing a controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forests based on soil testing formula analysis according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the method for investigating nutrient requirements of bamboo species is as follows: digging part of edible bamboo shoots and harvesting part of new-born bamboo, and measuring the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the digging bamboo shoots and harvesting new-born bamboo for statistical analysis of the nutrient requirements of the growth of bamboo seeds.
4. The method for designing a controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forests based on soil testing formula analysis according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: 10 bamboo shoots and 10 new bamboo shoots were cut per plot.
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