CN114402778A - Method for designing bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis - Google Patents
Method for designing bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for designing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis, and relates to the technical field of bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer research and development. The method mainly comprises the following steps: s1 tentatively selecting and testing settings; s2 sample investigation: respectively carrying out background investigation on the set sample plots, investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo species, and investigating the changes of soil nutrients and bag fertilizers; analysis of the S3 sample: analyzing and determining different nutrient requirements in the bamboo seed growing process through the change of soil nutrients before and after and the nutrient analysis of the bamboo seeds in the step S2, and calculating the utilization rate of the nutrients required by the bamboo seeds on the soil; analyzing and judging the absorption utilization rate of the bag fertilizer by the soil according to the change of the components before and after the bag fertilizer and the change of soil nutrients before and after; S4A controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest is prepared. The fertilizer efficiency utilization rate of the invention can be greatly improved, the consumption of the traditional fertilizer can be greatly reduced, the fertilizing amount per mu is reduced by more than 30 percent compared with the traditional application amount, the application cost is greatly reduced, and the ecological environment is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer research and development, in particular to a method for designing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis.
Background
The fertilizer application is the most effective mode for improving the productivity of the bamboo forest, and the special controlled-release fertilizer has the outstanding characteristics that effective nutrients are synchronously supplied according to the growth rule curve of crops, so that the effective utilization rate of the nutrients of the fertilizer is greatly improved, the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate can be greatly improved on the premise of ensuring the growth of the crops compared with the fertilizer with the same concentration, and the using amount of the traditional fertilizer can be greatly reduced (the fertilizer application amount per mu is reduced by more than 30 percent compared with the traditional implementation amount). The controlled release fertilizer has the advantages of reducing the fertilizing amount, saving fertilizer production raw materials (coal, electricity and natural gas), improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reducing ecological environment pollution and the like, so the controlled release fertilizer is called as a high-tech environment-friendly fertilizer in the 21 st century and becomes the development direction of the fertilizer industry.
However, the controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forests on the market at present is a specific fertilizer, the formula of the fertilizer cannot be adjusted according to different bamboo varieties or different planting modes, and the fertilizer cannot be effectively adjusted correspondingly according to the fertilizer requirement rule and the soil nutrient capacity of the bamboo, so that the fertilizing amount is large in the process of planting the bamboo, the fertilizing cost is increased seriously, and meanwhile, the use of a large amount of fertilizer is easy to destroy the ecological environment and does not meet the requirements of the national sustainable development strategy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for designing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention mainly adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for designing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis mainly comprises the following steps:
s1 experimentally selecting and testing settings: adopting two groups of test schemes, firstly, establishing random observation sample plots on selected hard-head yellow bamboos, assumed yellow bamboos and Mianzhu forest lands according to actual conditions, setting 3 fertilization treatments of blank contrast, chemical fertilizer and bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer, setting three repeated sample plots for each treatment, and setting the area of each sample plot as 150 square meters; secondly, setting 3 kinds of fertilization treatments of blank contrast, chemical fertilizer and bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer on the selected square bamboo forest land and bitter bamboo forest land, wherein each treatment is provided with three repeated sample plots, and the area of each sample plot is 100 square meters;
s2 sample investigation: respectively carrying out background investigation on the set sample plots, investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo species, and investigating the changes of soil nutrients and bag fertilizers;
analysis of the S3 sample: analyzing and determining different nutrient requirements in the bamboo seed growing process through the change of soil nutrients before and after and the nutrient analysis of the bamboo seeds in the step S2, and calculating the utilization rate of the nutrients required by the bamboo seeds on the soil; analyzing and judging the absorption utilization rate of the bag fertilizer by the soil according to the change of the components before and after the bag fertilizer and the change of soil nutrients before and after;
s4, developing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer: the formula and the application amount of the bamboo forest control fertilizer are adjusted through the absorption utilization rate of the soil to the bag fertilizer and the demand utilization rate of nutrients demanded by the bamboo seeds to the soil.
In the present invention, the method for performing background investigation on the sample plot in step S2 includes: and excavating a soil section of the sample plot, sampling in three layers, taking 500 g of soil samples with the soil depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm respectively, analyzing the soil, and investigating the relative indexes of the bamboo forest structure and the climate and geographic environment of the soil location.
Further, the content of the soil analysis comprises the soil volume weight, the pH value, organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium contents; the bamboo forest structure comprises the investigation plant number, the age structure, the breast diameter and the plant height.
In the present invention, in step S2, the method for investigating the nutrient requirement of bamboo species comprises: digging part of edible bamboo shoots and felling part of new bamboos, measuring the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the dug bamboo shoots and the felled new bamboos, and using the measured contents to statistically analyze the nutrient requirements of the bamboo species for growth.
Preferably, 10 bamboo shoots are dug per plot and 10 new shoots are harvested.
In the present invention, in step S2, the method of investigating changes in soil nutrients and bag fertilizers is: and in the test sample plot, taking a soil sample every half month, analyzing and detecting the change condition of nutrients in each layer of soil, monitoring the bagged fertilizer, taking the bagged fertilizer out of the buried soil, drying, weighing, and measuring and calculating the loss amount of the fertilizer.
Further, in step S3, a calculation formula of a specific nutrient requirement during the growth process of the bamboo species is as follows: Δ X ═ XDetection of％-XStarting point%, wherein, XDetection of% of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo species, XStarting point% is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo seeds in the last detection.
Further, in step S3, the change Δ Y of the content before and after the bagging fertilizer is YDetection of％-YStarting point%, wherein, YDetection of% of specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer, YStarting point% is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer in the last detection; the change of the components of the soil before and after each layer is delta Z ═ ZDetection of％-ZStarting point%, wherein, ZDetection of% of a specific nutrient contained in the soil of the layer, ZStarting point% is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the layer of soil in the last test.
Furthermore, in step S3, the variation of the content of the same nutrient in the bamboo seeds, the soil and the bagged fertilizer is calculated, the demand utilization rate of the nutrient required by the bamboo seeds to the soil is Δ X/, and the absorption utilization rate of the nutrient in the soil to the bagged fertilizer is Δ Y/(. DELTA.z)1+△Z2+……△ZnN) where Δ Z1Is the front-back change of the nutrient in the first layer of soil, Delta Z2Is the front-back change of the nutrient in the second layer of soil, Delta ZnThe change of the nutrient in the nth layer of soil is shown, and n is the number of layers of soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention synchronously supplies available nutrients according to the curve of the growth rule of crops, thereby greatly improving the effective utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients, greatly improving the utilization rate of fertilizer efficiency compared with the fertilizer with the same concentration on the premise of ensuring the growth of crops, greatly reducing the using amount of the traditional fertilizer, reducing the fertilizing amount per mu by more than 30 percent compared with the traditional implementation amount, greatly reducing the application cost and protecting the ecological environment;
2. the fertilizer application labor cost is saved by about 100 yuan/mu, the operation cost is reduced, the traditional bamboo forest fertilizer application habit is changed, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are remarkable.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
First, an embodiment
1. Selection of test sites and test setup
Selecting a Dian Zhen Shuichun Kuzhu forest land in the vegetable dam Zhenshui village in Cui Yangxin county, a Yucun Fangzhu forest land in the Xianfeng county in Xingwen county, a Rohdea hardheaded yellow bamboo forest land in the Datian gulun village in ancient Song town, a Juhe village Juhuang bamboo forest land in the Bailiang village in the Dahe county, and a Mian Yangtze village Miao bamboo forest land in the Jiangan county and Jiangtian town as test lands.
Firstly, establishing random observation sample plots according to the actual conditions of the terrain and the bamboo forest land by selecting hard-head yellow bamboos, dummy yellow bamboos and Mianzhu forest lands, setting 3 kinds of fertilization treatments of blank contrast, chemical fertilizer and special controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo forest, wherein each treatment is provided with three repeated sample plots, and the area of each sample plot is 150 square meters; and secondly, setting 3 kinds of fertilization treatments of blank contrast, chemical fertilizer and special controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo forest on the selected square bamboo forest land and the bitter bamboo forest land, wherein each treatment is provided with three repeated sample plots, and the area of each sample plot is 100 square meters.
2. Investigation method
Respectively carrying out background investigation on the set sample plots, investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo species, and investigating the changes of soil nutrients and bag fertilizers;
(1) background survey
Background investigation was conducted on the set plots: digging a sample plot soil section, sampling in three layers, respectively taking 500 g of soil samples with the soil depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm, analyzing the soil, and investigating soil nutrients (analyzing indexes such as soil volume weight, pH value, organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and the like), bamboo forest structures (investigating indexes such as plant number, age structure, breast diameter, plant height and the like), climate, geographic environment and the like.
(2) Investigation of bamboo species growth on demand of main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Surveying and counting the new bamboo shoots and the new bamboo shoots, digging edible part bamboo shoots and felling part bamboo shoots (digging 10 bamboo shoots and 10 bamboo shoots in each sample plot), measuring the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the dug bamboo shoots and felled new bamboo shoots for statistical analysis of the nutrient requirements of bamboo species growth, wherein the calculation formula of a specific nutrient requirement in the bamboo species growth process is as follows: Δ X ═ XDetection of％-XStarting point%, wherein, XDetection of% of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo species, XStarting point% is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo seeds in the last detection.
(3) Investigation of changes in soil nutrients and bagged fertilizers
In the test sample plot, taking a soil sample once every half month, detecting indexes such as organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and the like in the soil, carrying out statistical analysis on the change condition of nutrients, monitoring the bag controlled fertilizer, taking the bag controlled fertilizer out of the buried soil, drying, weighing, measuring and calculating the loss amount of the fertilizer, and burying the fertilizer bag back to the original place. Wherein, the change of the components before and after the bag fertilizer is delta YDetection of％-YStarting point%, wherein, YDetection of% of specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer, YStarting point% is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo seeds in the last detection; the change of the components of the soil before and after each layer is delta Z ═ ZDetection of％-ZStarting point%, wherein, ZDetection of% of a specific nutrient contained in the soil of the layer, ZStarting point% is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the layer of soil in the last test.
Second, sample analysis method
(1) Soil sample
Moisture content: direct drying determination, pH value: LY/T1228-2015, nitrogen: LY/T1228-2015, phosphorus: LY/T1232-2015, potassium: LY/T1234-2015.
(2) Plant sample:
the method mainly measures the contents of water, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and the measuring method refers to a soil sample measuring method.
4. Controlled release fertilizer formula special for bamboo forest development
On the basis of the existing research, the statistical analysis data of the demand of the bamboo species on main nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and the change of soil nutrients are combined, the demand utilization rate of the nutrients required by the bamboo species on the soil and the absorption utilization rate of the soil on the bag fertilizer are calculated, and the special controlled-release fertilizer formula for different bamboo species is developed, wherein the change of the content of the same nutrients in the bamboo species, the soil and the bag fertilizer is calculated, the demand utilization rate of the nutrients required by the bamboo species on the soil is delta X/. DELTA.Y, and the absorption utilization rate of the nutrients in the soil on the bag fertilizer is delta Y/(. DELTA.Z)1+△Z2+……△ZnN) where Δ Z1Is the front-back change of the nutrient in the first layer of soil, Delta Z2Is the front-back change of the nutrient in the first layer of soil, Delta ZnThe change of the nutrient in the nth layer of soil is shown, and n is the number of layers of soil.
Third, test example
1. Trial production of special controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest
(1) The controlled release fertilizer formula prepared by the agriculture science and technology development limited company of Shiliwang Sichuan according to the analysis data and data is used for developing the trial production and pilot test of the controlled release fertilizer of the bamboo forest and producing the fertilizer required by the application demonstration test.
(2) Selecting a packaging material: degradable paper-plastic composite materials with different perforation densities are selected as the special controlled release fertilizer packaging material for the bamboo forest.
(3) The packaging method comprises the following steps: and (4) packaging 250g of fertilizer in each bag by adopting a bag packaging mode.
2. Evaluation of yield after fertilization
After fertilization, investigation of bamboo shoot yield and bamboo yield is carried out on the bamboo shoot forest and the bamboo forest for wood respectively, and the influence of fertilization on the yield is analyzed and evaluated.
3. Application test forest construction
The application test forest of the special controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo forest is constructed by 60 mu. Meanwhile, a fixed observation sample plot (a runoff field is built in the bitter bamboo forest land) is arranged in the test forest so as to carry out subsequent investigation and research on fertilizer efficiency.
Application of the special fertilizer for the bamboo forest: reserving new bamboos in the bitter bamboo forest according to 300 plants, and applying 1 bag of special fertilizer under each new bamboo (namely applying 75kg of fertilizer per mu, which is reduced by 50% compared with 150kg of fertilizer applied in the traditional method); keeping new bamboos according to 400 bamboos in the square bamboos, and applying 1 bag of special fertilizer under each new bamboo (namely applying 100kg of fertilizer per mu, which is reduced by 33% compared with the traditional fertilizer application of 150 kg); the hard yellow bamboo, Mianzhu and giant yellow bamboo are applied with 5 bags of special fertilizer around each cluster of bamboo (i.e. 1.25kg of fertilizer is applied to each cluster, which is reduced by 37.5% compared with the traditional 2kg of fertilizer).
Meanwhile, in order to examine the effect of the controlled release fertilizer for bamboo forest prepared by the invention, the general fertilizers sold in the market are respectively used as positive control, a blank test field is used as a blank control (namely, no fertilizer is applied in the test field), and the breast diameter of new bamboos of Mianzhu is compared with the content of N, P, K in different tests, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
The results of comparing the N, P, K contents in the bamboo shoots are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2
The results of the comparison of the bamboo shoot yields of the square bamboos are shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3
Area of the sample area: 100 square meters per unit: root of Chinese St, kilogram
The comparison of the bamboo shoot yield of the hard-headed yellow bamboos is shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 4
Investigation area: 100 square meters per unit: clump and plant
The results of comparison of bamboo shoot yields of the hypothetical yellow bamboos are shown in Table 5 below.
TABLE 5
Investigation area: 100 square meters per unit: clump and plant
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for designing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
s1 experimentally selecting and testing settings: adopting two groups of test schemes, firstly, establishing random observation sample plots on selected hard-head yellow bamboos, assumed yellow bamboos and Mianzhu forest lands according to actual conditions, setting 3 fertilization treatments of blank contrast, chemical fertilizer and bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer, setting three repeated sample plots for each treatment, and setting the area of each sample plot as 150 square meters; secondly, setting 3 kinds of fertilization treatments of blank contrast, chemical fertilizer and bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer on the selected square bamboo forest land and bitter bamboo forest land, wherein each treatment is provided with three repeated sample plots, and the area of each sample plot is 100 square meters;
s2 sample investigation: respectively carrying out background investigation on the set sample plots, investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo species, and investigating the changes of soil nutrients and bag fertilizers;
analysis of the S3 sample: analyzing and determining different nutrient requirements in the bamboo seed growing process through the change of soil nutrients before and after and the nutrient analysis of the bamboo seeds in the step S2, and calculating the utilization rate of the nutrients required by the bamboo seeds on the soil; analyzing and judging the absorption utilization rate of the bag fertilizer by the soil according to the change of the components before and after the bag fertilizer and the change of soil nutrients before and after;
s4, developing a bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer: the formula and the application amount of the bamboo forest control fertilizer are adjusted through the absorption utilization rate of the soil to the bag fertilizer and the demand utilization rate of nutrients demanded by the bamboo seeds to the soil.
S5 evaluation of yield after fertilization: according to the demand of available nutrients of the fertilizer and combined with survey data in the past year, the bamboo shoot and shoot dual-purpose forest N, P2O5、K2The proportion of O is 5: 2: 2, bamboo shoot forest N, P2O5、K2The proportion of O is 11: 7: 7, producing two formulas; constructing a test forest of the special controlled release fertilizer application for the bamboo forest by 60 mu; after fertilization, investigation on the yield of bamboo shoots and the yield of bamboo shoots is carried out on the bamboo shoot forest and the bamboo shoot wood forest respectively, and the influence on the yield after fertilization is analyzed and evaluated.
2. The method for designing the controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo groves based on the soil testing formula analysis of claim 1, wherein the method for performing background investigation on the sample plot in the step S2 is as follows: and excavating a soil section of the sample plot, sampling in three layers, respectively taking 500 g of soil samples with the soil depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm for soil analysis, and investigating the relative indexes of the bamboo forest structure and the climate and geographic environment of the soil location.
3. The method for designing bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis as claimed in claim 2, wherein the content of the soil analysis includes soil volume weight, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content; the bamboo forest structure comprises the investigation plant number, the age structure, the breast diameter and the plant height.
4. The method for designing the controlled release fertilizer for the bamboo groves based on the soil testing formula analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for investigating the nutrient requirements of the bamboo species in the step S2 is as follows: digging part of edible bamboo shoots and felling part of new bamboos, measuring the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the dug bamboo shoots and the felled new bamboos, and using the measured contents to statistically analyze the nutrient requirements of the bamboo species for growth.
5. The method for designing bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 10 bamboo shoots were dug from each plot and 10 new shoots were harvested.
6. The method for designing the bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on the soil testing formula analysis as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method for investigating the changes of soil nutrients and bag fertilizers in the step S2 is as follows: and in the test sample plot, taking a soil sample every half month, analyzing and detecting the change condition of nutrients in each layer of soil, monitoring the bagged fertilizer, taking the bagged fertilizer out of the buried soil, drying, weighing, and measuring and calculating the loss amount of the fertilizer.
7. The method for designing bamboo forest controlled release fertilizer based on soil testing formula analysis as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S3, the calculation formula of a specific nutrient requirement in the bamboo species growing process is as follows: Δ X ═ XDetection of％-XStarting point%, wherein, XDetection of% of the specific nutrient contained in the bamboo species, XStarting point% of the specific substances contained in the bamboo seeds in the previous detectionThe content of nutrients.
8. The method for designing controlled release fertilizer for bamboo groves based on soil testing formula analysis as claimed in claim 7, wherein the change Δ Y-Y of the components before and after the bag fertilizer in step S3Detection of％-YStarting point%, wherein, YDetection of% of specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer, YStarting point% is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the bag fertilizer in the last detection; the change of the components of the soil before and after each layer is delta Z ═ ZDetection of％-ZStarting point%, wherein, ZDetection of% of a specific nutrient contained in the soil of the layer, ZStarting point% is the content of the specific nutrient contained in the layer of soil in the last test.
9. The method for designing controlled release fertilizer for bamboo groves based on soil testing formula analysis as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step S3, the variation of the content of the same nutrient in bamboo species, soil and bagged fertilizer is calculated, the utilization ratio of the nutrient required by bamboo species to the soil is Δ X/. DELTA.Y, and the absorption utilization ratio of the nutrient in soil to the bagged fertilizer is Δ Y/(. DELTA.Z)1+△Z2+……△ZnN) where Δ Z1Is the front-back change of the nutrient in the first layer of soil, Delta Z2Is the front-back change of the nutrient in the second layer of soil, Delta ZnThe change of the nutrient in the nth layer of soil is shown, and n is the number of layers of soil.
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