CN102936163B

CN102936163B - Soil-dressing fertilizer special for amygdalus communis L in fruiting period and before sprout

Info

Publication number: CN102936163B
Application number: CN201210443907.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨波; 龚鹏; 徐叶挺
Original assignee: HORTICULTURE INSTITUTE OF XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
Current assignee: HORTICULTURE INSTITUTE OF XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
Priority date: 2012-10-27
Filing date: 2012-10-27
Publication date: 2014-07-09
Anticipated expiration: 2032-10-27
Also published as: CN102936163A

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil-dressing fertilizer special for amygdalus communis L in the fruiting period and before sprout. The fertilizer is prepared by urea, concentrated superphoshpate potassium sulfate and borax with a weight ratio of 1:0.28:0.43:0.03 through mixing. After adoption of the formula, the average fruit setting rate in three areas is increased by 54.84%, and the average yield per plant is increased by 45.3%.

Description

Before a kind of rudiment of fruiting period almond, soil is executed special fertilizer

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, before in particular a kind of rudiment of fruiting period almond, soil is executed special fertilizer.

Background technology

Almond (or claiming bar dawn nurse) Amygdalus CommunisL, (Prunus amygdalus Stokes, Prunuscommunis Fritsch) belong to Rosaceae Li Yake peach and belong to arbor, world-renowned dry fruit and woody oleiferous plants crop, be distributed widely in all over the world, there is important nutrition and economic worth.Xinjiang is one of origin center of world's almond, the main producing region that Ye Shi China almond is unique, and cultivation history is long.China's almond is mainly distributed in Keshen, the Hotan Prefecture of southern Xinjiang, end 2012, Xinjiang almond cultivated area is about 800,000 mu of (wherein 700,000 mu of Kashi Shache Counties, 60,000 mu of Yengisar County, other 40,000 mu), enter approximately 150,000 mu of result areas, approximately 7500 tons of the ultimate productions of 2010, average yield per mu is only had an appointment 50 kilograms.At present Xinjiang almond fruit-setting rate and yielding poorly down, taking strain output as example, U.S.'s almond mean yield reaches 10 kilograms/strain, and Xinjiang, China's almond main producing region be only 1-2 kilogram/strain, is the U.S. and Iranian 1/5～1/10.In fertilizer practice, the U.S. adopts the almond dedicated fertilizer of development to carry out the Tree Precise Fertilization of science according to national edaphic condition, and on market, more there is no the special fertilizer supply for almond at home, also do not carry out the research of almond special fertilizer, almond producers just rule of thumb apply fertilizer, and fertilising has unicity and randomness.

Special fertilizer is the megatrend that world today's chemical fertilizer industry is sent out, the recombination rate of World Developed Countries chemical fertilizer has reached 70% at present, developed country has been that the composite fertilizer of main body is used by the compound fertilizer special of more than 90% making of 60% and phosphorus potash fertilizer of nitrogenous fertilizer, both promoted agriculture development, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, brought considerable economic benefit also to fertilizer processing enterprise.And the recombination rate of China's chemical fertilizer is only 25% at present, compound fertilizer special accounts for 15% left and right of agricultural fertilizer, differs greatly with developed country.Kaxgar Prefecture is the main producing region of Xinjiang and even domestic and international almond, in industry of planting forest or fruit tress fast development, urgent to almond special fertilizer technical need, has become key issue in the urgent need to address in current development.By the evolutionary operation(EVOP) of Xinjiang woods fruit, Xinjiang almond industry will develop into 1,000,000 mu (wherein 800,000 mu of Shache Counties), if there is 50% almond use composite fertilizer special, only one, fertilizer just can produce huge economic benefit.Moreover Xinjiang almond yields poorly down at present, and price is high, and the fertilizer that numerous orchard workers are badly in need of high-yield and high-efficiency meets the needs of production.Therefore there are wide market outlook.

In addition, Xinjiang is scarcely populated and oasis area is little, and per capita area of cultivated farmland is few, and fruit tree-crop interplanting is the major way of increasing farmers' income.For ensureing the strategic security of grain, Xinjiang almond is mainly to adopt the pattern of the combination of forestal and agricultural crops to cultivate, in the ranks main intercropping wheat.Compared with building garden formula planting type abroad, there is variation because of character and the fertility of seasonal fertilising soil in Wheat Production in the ranks in the intercropping formula garden of founding a capital, therefore how developing the special fertilizer formula that the almond under the almond wheat intercropping culture pattern of this uniqueness in Xinjiang needs badly is the main task of pendulum in face of ours.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that before providing a kind of rudiment of fruiting period almond for the deficiencies in the prior art, soil is executed special fertilizer.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

Before the rudiment of fruiting period almond, soil is executed special fertilizer, and urea, double superhosphate, potassium sulfate, borax are according to N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o: B is 1: 0.28: 0.43: 0.03 part by weight mixes and get final product.

After using this special fertilizer, three average fruit-setting rates of zone leveling contrast and have increased by 54.84%, and average single plant yield has increased by 45.3%.This special fertilizer is applicable to the production of almond, wheat intercropping garden almond.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.

2.2.4 materials and methods

2.2.4.1 test materials

Test site is located in the graceful almond wheat intercropping of 17 village's Ursula garden, Shache County A Resilanbage township, and the soil texture is silty loam, and its physicochemical character is pH value 7.72, organic content 14.8%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 76mg/kg, available phosphorus 7.3mg/kg, available potassium 171mg/kg, effectively boron 1.32ug/kg; Be for examination fertilizer for examination fertilizer: urea (containing N46%), double superhosphate are (containing P ₂o ₅45%), potassium sulfate is (containing K ₂o50%); Borax (containing B11%); Be field planting in 2003 for examination almond, grafting in 2005,3 × 4 meters of seeding row spacings, medium tree vigo(u)r; Experimental cultivar is the holy fruit of Yarkant; Intercropping wheat in the ranks.

2.2.4.2 test design

Test is by four factor three level designs, and N, P are executed in field ₂o ₅, K ₂o, B are four factors, rate of fertilizer application is 3 levels: 2 levels refer to the rate of fertilizer application of recommending with reference to Queensland nut in " world's Fertilizer application handbook ", 1 level × 0.5, level=2 (N, P slightly adjust), 3 level × 1.5, level=2 (N, P slightly adjust, and this level is excessive fertilization level), adopt the horizontal embodiment of four factors three, add contrast and establish altogether 9 processing, repeat for 3 times, each processing 3 strain fruit trees, amount to 81 strains.Test adopts random district group to arrange, and the conditions such as the interior tree vigo(u)r of district's group, soil, landform are relatively consistent, 10 mu of community areas.Each rate of fertilizer application of processing is in table 1.

Table 1: almond field fertilizer efficiency design

Kg/ strain

2.2.4.3 test method

Fertilization time: fertilization time is carrying out on March 5th, 2009, on March 8th, 2010, on March 4th, 2011 respectively.

Fertilizing method: fertilising adopts and spreads manuer in holes, the two ends between vertical tree crown strain, position of spreading manuer in holes, after respectively processing required fertilizer and mixing before rudiment disposable applying.

The investigation method of fruit-setting rate: bough of each processing strain south mark, number goes out number of flowers before blooming, finishes to bear fruit for one month at the florescence and stablizes the rear number that to bear fruit of counting, and calculates fruit-setting rate.Several control times of bearing fruit are respectively on May 24th, 2009, on May 31st, 2010, on May 27th, 2011.

Data statistical analysis method: adopt 9.50 editions DPS softwares to carry out Orthogonal Composite data statistic analysis.

2.2.5 test results and analysis

Table 2:2009-2011 year continuous 3 years almond Orthogonal Composite test-results

Note: capitalization difference reaches 0.01 extremely remarkable, lowercase is that difference reaches 0.05 conspicuous level (lower with).

From table 2 Orthogonal Composite test-results, the testing data of continuous 3 years show the fruit-setting rate between each processing have height have low and between significant difference.In addition, the data of 3 years all show to process 4 (N ₂p ₁k ₂b ₃) fruit-setting rate is the highest, processes 9 (N ₃p ₃k ₂b ₁) fruit-setting rate minimum.Different factors and the different level contribution rate difference to almond fruit-setting rate is described.

Can be found out by table 2 the results of analysis of variance, the different conspicuous level that reaches of F value difference of 2009 years test B fertilizer, the F value difference of N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer is different not remarkable; The different utmost point conspicuous level that reaches of F value difference of test N fertilizer in 2010, the different conspicuous level that reaches of F value difference of B fertilizer, P F value difference fertile and K fertilizer is different not remarkable; The different conspicuous level that reaches of F value difference of test N fertilizer in 2011, the F value difference of B fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer is different not remarkable.The data of comprehensive 3 years are known, and N F value test of hypothesis sensitivity fertile and B fertilizer will be higher than P fertilizer and K fertilizer.

Table 3:2009-2011 year continuous 3 years almond Orthogonal Composite test the results of analysis of variance

Table 4:2009-2011 year continuous 3 years almond Orthogonal Composite test range analysis results

Can be found out by the comparison of table 4 extreme difference: the extreme difference of B fertilizer and N fertilizer in test in 2009 | the one or two of R| separation, the extreme difference of P fertilizer and K fertilizer | the three or four of R| separation; The extreme difference of N fertilizer and B fertilizer in test in 2010 | the one or two of R| separation, the extreme difference of P fertilizer and K fertilizer | R| appoints the three or four of separation; Within 2011, test range analysis result identical with 2010, appoint the extreme difference of fertile for N in B fertilizer | the one or two of R| separation, the extreme difference of P fertilizer and K fertilizer | R| appoints the three or four of separation.Visible N fertilizer and B fertilizer are the Main Factors that affects almond fruit-setting rate, and P is fertile and the fertile impact of K is less.

Show that according to above-mentioned range analysis result level selects excellent and combination to select excellent: grand total or mean number by continuous 3 years each test factors can draw, N gets N2, and P gets P1, K gets K1, and B gets B3, so show that the optimum handling that improves almond fruit-setting rate is combined as N2P1K1B3, be N0.7kg, P ₂o ₅0.2kg, K ₂o0.3kg, B21g, N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂the optimum proportion of O: B is 1: 0.28: 0.43: 0.03.

2.2.6 conclusion (of pressure testing)

The optimum handling that improves almond fruit-setting rate in almond wheat intercropping garden is combined as N2P1K1B3, i.e. N0.7kg, P ₂o ₅0.2kg, K ₂o0.3kg, B21g, N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o: B=1: 0.28: 0.43: 0.03.

2.2.7 special fertilizer pilot plant test

2.2.7.1 special fertilizer pilot process

On the basis of 2009-2011 year experimental result, 2012 years were carried out the pilot plant test of special fertilizer formula.

The pilot scale time: fertilization time is on March 6th, 2012.

Pilot scale place: test site is selected in 14 almond wheat intercropping gardens, village, the representative A Rele township that prolongs 314 national highway regions of Shache County, prolongs 17 almond wheat intercropping gardens, village, meter Xia township, bar (Chu) Sha (car) highway region, the 2 almond wheat intercropping gardens, village, A Zhatibage township in region to the east of Yarkanthe River, carry out in totally 3 small towns.Pilot scale almond Orchard Soil physicochemical character, basic condition and pilot scale region are in table 5 and table 6.

Middle method for testing: use urea, double superhosphate, potassium sulfate, borax according to N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o: B is 1: 0.28: 0.43: 0.03 ratio is executed (fertilizing method is with Orthogonal Composite test method) according to the amount soil of 2kg/ strain after mixing.

Survey content and method: completely random is chosen 5 strain trees in pilot scale and control zone, investigation fruit-setting rate (method is tested with Orthogonal Composite), and after fruit maturation, carry out actual survey and produce.

Data statistical analysis method: adopt 9.50 editions DPS softwares to carry out completely randomized experiment data statistic analysis.

Table 5:2012 almond special fertilizer pilot scale regional soil physicochemical character

Table 6:2012 almond special fertilizer pilot scale region almond basic condition

2.2.7.2 special fertilizer pilot-scale experiment

Table 7:2012 almond special fertilizer pilot plant test result

Can be found out by table 7 almond special fertilizer pilot plant test result, this special fertilizer formula can significantly improve fruit-setting rate and the output of different zones and different varieties almond, and remarkable with contrast difference, wherein the difference in 17 villages of meter Xia township and 2 pilot scale regions, village, A Zhatibage township all reaches utmost point conspicuous level.After using this special fertilizer formula, three average fruit-setting rates of zone leveling contrast and have increased by 54.84%, and average single plant yield has increased by 45.3%.

Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. before the rudiment of fruiting period almond, soil is executed a special fertilizer, it is characterized in that, urea, double superhosphate, potassium sulfate, borax are according to N: P ₂o ₅: K ₂o: B is 1: 0.28: 0.43: 0.03 part by weight mixes and get final product.