CN114400737A - Energy storage system balancing method and control system - Google Patents

Energy storage system balancing method and control system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114400737A
CN114400737A CN202111674535.3A CN202111674535A CN114400737A CN 114400737 A CN114400737 A CN 114400737A CN 202111674535 A CN202111674535 A CN 202111674535A CN 114400737 A CN114400737 A CN 114400737A
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Prior art keywords
energy storage
voltage
delta
balance
flag bit
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
皇甫海文
黄贵江
孙林波
王鹏
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SUZHOU TOPRUN ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT CO Ltd
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SUZHOU TOPRUN ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT CO Ltd
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Priority to CN202111674535.3A priority Critical patent/CN114400737A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides an energy storage system balancing method and a control system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out data sampling on each energy storage monomer; processing the data, solving a reference voltage, and solving a difference value delta U between each energy storage monomer and the reference voltage; setting a comparison voltage U1(ii) a When delta U > -1When the energy storage single body is charged, the passive equalization circuit is conducted to discharge the energy storage single body; when delta U < ═ U1And when the energy storage single body is charged, the active equalization circuit is conducted. According to the method and the device, whether the balance is needed or not is judged according to the difference value of each energy storage monomer and the reference voltage, and real-time dynamic adjustment can be realized; through passive equalization during overvoltage and active equalization during undervoltage, the voltage consistency of each energy storage monomer can be improved, so that the overall charge-discharge efficiency is improved, and the service life of the energy storage monomers is prolonged.

Description

Energy storage system balancing method and control system
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy storage unit management technology, in particular to an energy storage system balancing method and a control system.
Background
The energy storage system is formed by connecting a plurality of energy storage units (such as batteries or super capacitors) in series. Because each energy storage monomer inevitably has inconsistency of voltage, capacity, internal resistance and the like in the manufacturing and using processes, one or more energy storage monomers in a group of energy storage monomers connected in series are always faster or slower in charging and discharging speed than other energy storage monomers, so that the inconsistency phenomenon is caused. The inconsistency can affect the overall charge-discharge efficiency of the energy storage system, and the inconsistency among the energy storage monomers is gradually amplified along with the use process, so that the performance of certain monomers is accelerated to be attenuated, and the service life of the energy storage monomers is further affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy storage system balancing method and a control system which can enable each energy storage unit to keep better consistency.
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
According to a first aspect of the invention, an energy storage system equalization method is provided, which includes:
carrying out data sampling on each energy storage monomer;
processing the data, solving a reference voltage, and solving a difference value delta U between each energy storage monomer and the reference voltage;
setting a comparison voltage U1；
When delta U > -1When the energy storage single body is charged, the passive equalization circuit is conducted to discharge the energy storage single body;
when Δ U<＝-U1And when the energy storage single body is charged, the active equalization circuit is conducted.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
setting a hysteresis value U2；
When delta U > -1-U2When the energy storage single body is charged, the passive equalization circuit is conducted to discharge the energy storage single body;
when Δ U<＝-(U1-U2) And when the energy storage single body is in a discharge state, the passive equalization circuit is conducted to discharge the energy storage single body.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
when delta U > -1-U2When the voltage is equal, the overvoltage balance mark position is 1, and the undervoltage mark is clear 0;
when Δ U<＝-(U1-U2) When the voltage is low, the voltage is low and the voltage is low, the position of the voltage is equal to 1, and the voltage is low and the voltage is equal to 0;
when- (U)1-U2)<＝ΔU<＝U1-U2And in time, the overvoltage balance flag bit and the undervoltage balance flag bit are clear 0.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
judging the running state of the energy storage system;
when the energy storage system is in a standing state, the U is connected with the power supply unit1Setting the value to a first set value;
when the energy storage system is in a charging and discharging state, the U is connected with the power supply1Setting to a second set value;
the first set value is less than the second set value.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
when the energy storage system is in a standing state, the U is connected with the power supply unit2Setting to a third set value;
when the energy storage system is in a charging and discharging state, the U is connected with the power supply2Setting to a fourth set value;
the third set value is less than the fourth set value.
In one embodiment, the reference voltage is an average value of voltages of the energy storage cells.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an energy storage system balancing method, including:
carrying out data sampling on each energy storage monomer;
processing the data, solving a reference voltage, and solving a difference value delta U between each energy storage monomer and the reference voltage; setting a comparison voltage U1And hysteresis value U2；
Judging whether the front overvoltage balance flag bit is 1 or not;
when the current overvoltage balance flag bit is 1, judging whether delta U is greater than U1-U2;
when the delta U is greater than U1-U2, the overvoltage balance flag bit is unchanged, the undervoltage balance flag bit is clear 0, and the passive balance circuit is conducted;
when the delta U is less than U1-U2, the overvoltage equalization flag bit is clear 0, and the passive equalization circuit is turned off;
when the current overvoltage balance flag bit is not 1, judging whether the front undervoltage balance flag bit is 1;
when the current under-voltage balance flag bit is 1, judging whether delta U is greater than U1,
when the delta U is greater than U1, the overvoltage balance mark position is 1, the undervoltage balance mark position is clear 0, and the passive balance circuit is conducted;
when the delta U is less than U1, judging whether the delta U is less than-U1,
if the delta U is equal to-U1, the under-voltage balance flag bit is 1, the over-voltage balance flag bit is clear 0, and the active balance circuit is conducted;
if delta U > -U1, the over-voltage balance flag bit and the under-voltage balance flag are both unchanged;
when the current under-voltage balance flag bit is not 1, judging whether delta U < ═ U1-U2;
if the delta U is equal to- (U1-U2), the under-voltage balance flag bit is unchanged, the over-voltage balance flag bit is clear 0, and the active balance circuit is conducted;
if delta U > - (U1-U2) and the undervoltage equalization flag is clear 0, the active equalization circuit is turned off.
In one embodiment, the comparison voltage U is set1And hysteresis value U2Previously, the method further comprises:
judging whether the running state of the energy storage system is static or not;
if the state is a standing state, setting a comparison voltage U1Is a first set value, hysteresis value U2Is a third set value;
if the state is not the standing state, setting a comparison voltage U1Is a second set value, hysteresis value U2Is the fourth setting value.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a control system for executing any of the above energy storage system balancing methods is provided, including an energy storage module, a sampling module, a passive balancing module, an active balancing module, a power supply, an MCU, a main controller, and an upper computer; the energy storage module comprises a plurality of energy storage units; the sampling module, the passive equalization module and the active equalization module are all connected with the energy storage module; the sampling module is in signal connection with the MCU, the upper computer is in signal connection with the main controller, the main controller is in signal connection with the MCU, the MCU is connected with the active equalization module, and the power supply is connected with the active equalization module and the MCU.
In one embodiment, the passive equalization module discharges the energy storage monomer in a resistance energy consumption mode; the active equalization module charges the energy storage monomer in a power charging mode.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: whether equalization is needed or not is judged according to the difference value of each energy storage monomer and the reference voltage, and real-time dynamic adjustment can be realized; through passive equalization during overvoltage and active equalization during undervoltage, the voltage consistency of each energy storage monomer can be improved, so that the overall charge-discharge efficiency is improved, and the service life of the energy storage monomers is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
The above features and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood upon reading the detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure in conjunction with the following drawings. In the drawings, components are not necessarily drawn to scale, and components having similar relative characteristics or features may have the same or similar reference numerals.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between voltage values in the present application;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the system of the present application.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is noted that the aspects described below in connection with the figures and the specific embodiments are only exemplary and should not be construed as imposing any limitation on the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage system balancing method, including:
step 100, electrifying a system, and sampling data of each energy storage monomer;
step 200, processing the data, calculating an average value as a reference voltage, and calculating a difference value delta U between each energy storage monomer and the reference voltage;
step 300, judging the running state of the energy storage system, and judging whether the running state is a standing state;
step 310, if the state is a standing state, comparing the voltage U1Taking 30mV as the hysteresis value U210mV is taken.
Step 320, if not, comparing the voltage U1Taking 50mV as the hysteresis value U2Take 15 mV.
Step 400, judging whether the front overvoltage balance flag bit is 1;
when the current over-voltage equalization flag is 1, proceed to step 500 to determine whether Δ U ═ U1-U2；
When delta U > -1-U2Then, step 510 is carried out, the overvoltage balance flag bit is kept unchanged, the undervoltage balance flag bit is clear 0, and the passive balance circuit is conducted;
when Δ U<U1-U2And then, the step 520 is carried out, the overvoltage balance flag bit is clear 0, and the passive balance circuit is turned off.
When the current overvoltage balance flag bit is not 1, performing step 600, and judging whether the current undervoltage balance flag bit is 1;
when the current under-voltage balance flag bit is 1Proceed to step 700 to determine if Δ U > -U1When Δ U > -1Then, step 710 is performed, the overvoltage balance flag is set to 1, the undervoltage balance flag is set to 0, and the passive balance circuit is turned on;
when Δ U<U1Then, proceed to step 720 to determine whether Δ U is detected<＝-U1，
If Δ U<＝-U1Step 721, the under-voltage equalization flag is set to 1, the over-voltage equalization flag is set to 0, and the active equalization circuit is turned on;
if Δ U > -U1Step 722, the over-voltage balance flag bit and the under-voltage balance flag are both unchanged;
when the current under-voltage balance flag bit is not 1, go to step 800 to determine whether Δ U is present<＝-(U1-U2)；
If Δ U<＝-(U1-U2) Step 810, keeping the under-voltage balance flag unchanged, clearing 0 the over-voltage balance flag, and turning on the active balance circuit;
if Δ U > - (U)1-U2) Then, in step 820, the under-voltage equalization flag is cleared to 0, and the active equalization circuit is turned off.
In the step 200, the reference voltage may be an average voltage of each energy storage unit, or may be another value capable of measuring the overall voltage level, such as a median. The reference voltage is dynamic and changes along with the change of the voltage value of each energy storage unit, so the method achieves dynamic balance.
In step 300, when the energy storage system is in the non-stationary state, the energy storage system may be in a charging state or a discharging state.
When the energy storage system is in a standing state, the difference between each energy storage unit and the reference voltage is smaller than that in a charging or discharging state, so that the comparison voltage U in the standing state1And the value of the hysteresis value is smaller, in other words, the requirement on the consistency of each energy storage unit in a standing state is higher.
The front overvoltage equalization flag and the front undervoltage equalization flag in step 400 and step 600 refer to values of the overvoltage equalization flag and the undervoltage equalization flag after the previous execution of the method. The method is executed according to a set cycle in a circulating way, and the previous execution of the method has the influence on the next execution process because the energy storage monomer is in an overvoltage state or an undervoltage state. The front overvoltage equalizing flag bit is 1, which indicates that the energy storage unit is in an overvoltage state when the method is executed at the previous time, and the passive equalizing circuit is conducted at the moment. The front overvoltage equalizing flag bit is 0, which indicates that the energy storage unit is not in an overvoltage state when the method is executed for the previous time, and the passive equalizing circuit is turned off at the moment. The front under-voltage balance flag bit is 1, which indicates that the energy storage unit is in an under-voltage state when the method is executed at the previous time, and the active balance circuit is turned on at the moment. The front under-voltage balance flag bit is 0, which indicates that the energy storage unit is in an under-voltage state when the method is executed for the previous time, and the active balance circuit is turned on at the moment.
In this application, passive equalization refers to equalization that releases excess energy, such as a resistive method or a zener diode method. Active equalization refers to equalization that actively complements an insufficient energy storage unit, such as charging via an external power source.
As shown in FIG. 2, after the above equalization method, when the energy storage unit Ui is equal to the reference voltage
Figure BDA0003450561000000071
Difference between them
Figure BDA0003450561000000081
Exceeds U1-U2Passive equalization is performed. When in use
Figure BDA0003450561000000082
Is lower than- (U)1-U2) Active equalization is performed.
Corresponding to the above method, the embodiment of the present application further provides a control system, as shown in fig. 3, the system includes an energy storage module 31, a sampling module 32, a passive equalization module 33, an active equalization module 34, a power supply 35, an MCU (micro controller) 36, a main controller 37, and an upper computer 38.
The energy storage module 31 includes a plurality of energy storage cells, and the energy storage module 31 may be a series battery or a super capacitor. The sampling module 32, the passive equalization module 33 and the active equalization module 34 are all connected with the energy storage module 31. Sampling module 32 passes through interface signal connection such as SPI with MCU36, host computer 38 and main control unit 37 signal connection, main control unit 37 passes through CAN with MCU36, 485, mode signal connection such as ethernet, WIFI, MCU36 is connected with initiative equalizer module 34, power 35 is connected with initiative equalizer module 34 and MCU 36.
In this embodiment, the passive equalization module 33 discharges the energy storage cells in a manner of resistance energy consumption; the active equalization module 34 charges the energy storage cells by charging the power source. Both passive equalization and active equalization can be realized by the existing circuit structure, and therefore, the details are not repeated in the application.
In summary, the method and the device judge whether the equalization is needed or not through the difference value between each energy storage monomer and the reference voltage, and can realize real-time dynamic adjustment; through passive equalization during overvoltage and active equalization during undervoltage, the voltage consistency of each energy storage monomer can be improved, so that the overall charge-discharge efficiency is improved, and the service life of the energy storage monomers is prolonged.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. An energy storage system equalization method, comprising:
carrying out data sampling on each energy storage monomer;
processing the data, solving a reference voltage, and solving a difference value delta U between each energy storage monomer and the reference voltage;
setting a comparison voltage U1；
When delta U > -1When the energy storage single body is charged, the passive equalization circuit is conducted to discharge the energy storage single body;
when delta U < ═ U1And when the energy storage single body is charged, the active equalization circuit is conducted.
2. The energy storage system balancing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
setting a hysteresis value U2；
When delta U > -1-U2When the energy storage single body is charged, the passive equalization circuit is conducted to discharge the energy storage single body;
when Δ U < ═ U1-U2) And when the energy storage single body is in a discharge state, the passive equalization circuit is conducted to discharge the energy storage single body.
3. The energy storage system balancing method according to claim 2, further comprising:
when delta U > -1-U2When the voltage is equal, the overvoltage balance mark position is 1, and the undervoltage mark is clear 0;
when Δ U < ═ U1-U2) When the voltage is low, the voltage is low and the voltage is low, the position of the voltage is equal to 1, and the voltage is low and the voltage is equal to 0;
when- (U)1-U2)＜＝ΔU＜＝U1-U2And in time, the overvoltage balance flag bit and the undervoltage balance flag bit are clear 0.
4. The energy storage system balancing method according to claim 2, further comprising:
judging the running state of the energy storage system;
when the energy storage system is in a standing state, the U is connected with the power supply unit1Setting the value to a first set value;
when the energy storage system is in a charging and discharging state, the U is connected with the power supply1Setting to a second set value;
the first set value is less than the second set value.
5. The energy storage system balancing method according to claim 4, further comprising:
when the energy storage system is in a standing state, the U is connected with the power supply unit2Setting to a third set value;
when the energy storage system is in a charging and discharging state, the U is connected with the power supply2Setting to a fourth set value;
the third set value is less than the fourth set value.
6. The energy storage system equalization method according to claim 1, wherein the reference voltage is an average value of voltages of the energy storage cells.
7. An energy storage system equalization method, comprising:
carrying out data sampling on each energy storage monomer;
processing the data, solving a reference voltage, and solving a difference value delta U between each energy storage monomer and the reference voltage;
setting a comparison voltage U1And hysteresis value U2；
Judging whether the front overvoltage balance flag bit is 1 or not;
when the current overvoltage balance flag bit is 1, judging whether delta U is greater than U1-U2;
when the delta U is greater than U1-U2, the overvoltage balance flag bit is unchanged, the undervoltage balance flag bit is clear 0, and the passive balance circuit is conducted;
when delta U is less than U1-U2, the overvoltage equalization flag bit is clear 0, and the passive equalization circuit is turned off;
when the current overvoltage balance flag bit is not 1, judging whether the front undervoltage balance flag bit is 1;
when the current under-voltage balance flag bit is 1, judging whether delta U is greater than U1,
when the delta U is greater than U1, the overvoltage balance mark position is 1, the undervoltage balance mark position is clear 0, and the passive balance circuit is conducted;
when the delta U is less than U1, judging whether the delta U is less than-U1,
if the delta U is less than-U1, the under-voltage balance flag bit is 1, the over-voltage balance flag bit is clear 0, and the active balance circuit is conducted;
if delta U > -U1, the over-voltage balance flag bit and the under-voltage balance flag are both unchanged;
when the current under-voltage balance flag bit is not 1, judging whether delta U is less than- (U1-U2);
if the delta U is less than- (U1-U2), the under-voltage balance flag bit is unchanged, the over-voltage balance flag bit is clear 0, and the active balance circuit is conducted;
if delta U > - (U1-U2) and the undervoltage equalization flag is clear 0, the active equalization circuit is turned off.
8. Energy storage system equalization method according to claim 7, characterized in that the comparison voltage U is set1And hysteresis value U2Before, still include:
judging whether the running state of the energy storage system is static or not;
if the state is a standing state, setting a comparison voltage U1Is a first set value, hysteresis value U2Is a third set value;
if the state is not the standing state, setting a comparison voltage U1Is a second set value, hysteresis value U2Is the fourth setting value.
9. A control system for performing the energy storage system balancing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the device comprises an energy storage module, a sampling module, a passive equalization module, an active equalization module, a power supply, an MCU (microprogrammed control unit), a main controller and an upper computer; the energy storage module comprises a plurality of energy storage units; the sampling module, the passive equalization module and the active equalization module are all connected with the energy storage module; the sampling module is in signal connection with the MCU, the upper computer is in signal connection with the main controller, the main controller is in signal connection with the MCU, the MCU is connected with the active equalization module, and the power supply is connected with the active equalization module and the MCU.
10. The control system of claim 9, wherein: the passive equalization module discharges the energy storage monomer in a resistance energy consumption mode; the active equalization module charges the energy storage monomer in a power charging mode.
CN202111674535.3A 2021-12-31 2021-12-31 Energy storage system balancing method and control system Pending CN114400737A (en)

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