CN114397514B - Directional diagram synchronous test method of pulse system phased array antenna - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pattern synchronous test method of a pulse system phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps: a hardware synchronization step, wherein a pulse signal source outputs two paths of same synchronous signals based on the period and the pulse width of a pulse antenna, wherein one path of synchronous signals are provided for the pulse antenna, and the pulse antenna is controlled to work according to corresponding pulse time slots to output radio frequency pulse signals; the other path of synchronous signal is provided for a vector network analyzer, and the radio frequency pulse signal is synchronously and continuously sampled; a software synchronization step, namely outputting an angle synchronization signal by the turntable controller to trigger a serial port of the test unit; the test unit receives the serial port trigger signal, synchronously reads or stores the test data from the vector network analyzer, realizes one-to-one correspondence of the radio frequency pulse signal test data and the turntable angle, and generates an angle domain pattern. The synchronization of the antenna, the vector network analyzer and the turntable is realized, and the higher test speed is achieved through automatic test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an antenna pattern testing method, and particularly relates to a pattern synchronous testing method of a pulse system phased array antenna.
Background
For the far-field pattern test of the phased array antenna of the pulse system, the test instrument needs to be synchronous with the pulse signal of the phased array antenna, so that the acquisition of the radio frequency pulse signal is realized. Meanwhile, the testing instrument is required to be synchronous with the turntable, so that the data collected by the testing instrument corresponds to the rotating angle of the turntable. And the phased array antenna, the vector network analyzer and the turntable are synchronized, so that the test of the pulse system phased array antenna pattern can be completed.
In general, a pulse antenna has strict time requirements for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals due to a working system, the period and pulse width of a radio frequency pulse are determined by the working state of the pulse antenna, the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of the pulse antenna is high, and the pulse period is short. The turntable is limited by the starting and stopping processes and the rotating speed, the period of the output angle synchronous signal is longer, and the period of the output angle synchronous signal is not completely consistent.
Liu Mulin, zhang Shixuan in 2005 the literature "pulsed antenna near field measurement technique" (university of western electronic science and technology journal (natural science edition), 2005, 32 (2): 242-246) reports a configuration scheme of a pulsed antenna near field measurement system. According to the scheme, the radio frequency interface device is used for carrying out pulse modulation on radio frequency signals output by the network analyzer, and synchronous control is carried out on the scanning frame, the turntable and the real-time computer, so that the synchronization of the radio frequency signals with the scanning frame and the turntable is realized. However, the scheme does not realize the control of the pulse phased array antenna, and the sensitivity is reduced by at least 9.5dB during measurement, so that the method is not suitable for the test of the low-sidelobe antenna pattern.
The literature 'synchronization problem research in pulse antenna measurement' (Liu Mulin, fu Quanhua, zhang Shixuan, applied science and technology, 2007,34 (3): 26-35) describes the synchronization problem of a microwave receiver and an input radio frequency pulse, does not relate to synchronization of the microwave receiver and a turntable, and is not suitable for testing a pulse system phased array antenna pattern.
Yang Zhiyong, hu Yaozong 2019-03-01 discloses an active phased array antenna emission pattern testing method and system (publication number CN 109406888A), comprising the steps of setting an active phased array antenna in an emission state; setting a frequency spectrograph to receive the active phased array antenna transmitting pulse through a receiving horn antenna; setting a data acquisition card to receive the step pulse of the antenna test turntable, and entering an interrupt state after receiving the step pulse; in an interruption state, a spectrometer is arranged to collect pulse data transmitted by the active phased array antenna; processing pulse data transmitted by the active phased array antenna; the active phased array antenna transmits pulse data. The method for testing the antenna pattern is particularly suitable for the far field of antenna testing in which differential signal lines are difficult to erect; the method is fully automatic, does not need manual intervention, and has higher test speed.
The test method of the patent proposes to respond to the angle synchronous signal of the turntable in an interrupt mode, and realizes the test of the transmitting pattern of the pulse antenna. However, the test method of the patent firstly does not relate to the synchronization problem of the receiver and the input radio frequency pulse, in the interrupt state, the spectrometer randomly samples 2 to 4 input radio frequency pulses, reads, processes and stores data, namely, by sequencing test data, accumulates and averages high-value partial data, or obtains the average of 3 to 5 data before and after the median, so that the data processing is time-consuming, and in general, it is difficult to accurately judge which partial data belongs to high-value partial data; secondly, the test speed is slow due to the adoption of an interruption mode, the test efficiency is reduced, and thirdly, the frequency spectrograph is used as a receiver, only the amplitude pattern can be tested, and the phase pattern cannot be tested.
In summary, in combination with the current state of development of the instrument and equipment and the testing technology, the antenna, the instrument and the turntable are in the following common synchronization modes at present:
(1) The angle synchronous signal output by the turntable is used for controlling the pulse phased array antenna and the vector network analyzer, so that the synchronous sampling of the radio frequency pulse signal is realized by the instrument and the pulse phased array antenna under the control of the synchronous signal; the instrument is synchronized with the turntable to generate an angular domain pattern. But the pulse period of the turntable is longer, and the pulse period required by the pulse phased array antenna is very short, which is inconsistent with the actual working condition of the phased array antenna.
(2) The method comprises the steps that a pulse signal source is used for outputting a synchronous signal meeting the period and pulse width requirements of a pulse phased array antenna, the pulse phased array antenna, a turntable and an instrument are controlled to realize synchronization, and a test instrument and the pulse phased array antenna synchronously sample radio frequency pulse signals under the control of the synchronous signal; however, the pulse period required by the pulse phased array antenna is usually very short, after the turntable receives the synchronous signal, the turntable is limited by the starting process and the rotating speed, and the turntable is difficult to respond to most of the synchronous signals with short periods in time.
(3) In order to avoid that the turntable is difficult to respond to a short-period synchronizing signal, a time synchronizing mode is adopted between the turntable and the instrument for carrying out the pattern test, but the angle of the turntable corresponds to the equal stepping that the radio frequency data obtained by the test cannot be accurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a pattern synchronous test method of a phased array antenna with a pulse system, which is suitable for far field test of the phased array antenna based on the pulse system. The method adopts the convenient matching of hardware and software to realize the synchronization of the phased array antenna, the testing instrument and the turntable, achieves higher testing speed and realizes automatic testing.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a pattern synchronization test method of a pulse system phased array antenna, the pattern synchronization test method comprising:
a hardware synchronization step, wherein a pulse signal source outputs two paths of same synchronous signals based on the period and the pulse width of a pulse antenna, wherein one path of synchronous signals are provided for the pulse antenna, and the pulse antenna is controlled to work according to corresponding pulse time slots to output radio frequency pulse signals; the other path of synchronous signal is provided to a vector network analyzer, and the radio frequency pulse signal is synchronously and continuously sampled;
a software synchronization step, namely outputting an angle synchronization signal by the turntable controller to trigger a serial port of the test unit; the test unit receives the serial port trigger signal, synchronously reads or stores the test data from the vector network analyzer, realizes one-to-one correspondence of the radio frequency pulse signal test data and the turntable angle, and generates an angle domain pattern.
According to a preferred embodiment, in the same step of hardware, the vector network analyzer firstly selects an intermediate frequency bandwidth IFBW under a channel triggering mode of point frequency and external triggering, sets the number of scanning points, triggers by utilizing the rising edge or the falling edge of a synchronous pulse, avoids an overshoot segment and a trailing segment of the pulse according to the actual response time of a pulse antenna, selects the middle segment of a radio frequency pulse top signal, and sets delay; and continuously performing synchronous scanning sampling under the point frequency or linear frequency, external trigger and point trigger modes to obtain the amplitude and phase data of the radio frequency pulse signals of all frequency points in the test frequency band, performing real-time measurement, and waiting for the test unit to read or store the test data.
According to a preferred embodiment, in the hardware synchronization step, the vector network analyzer is not limited to continuously performing synchronous scanning sampling in a dot frequency or linear frequency mode.
According to a preferred embodiment, the test unit stores the test data on the vector network analyzer based on a preset naming convention.
According to a preferred embodiment, in the software synchronization step, the test unit synchronously reads or stores a set of measurement data from the vector network analyzer for each rotation of the turntable.
According to a preferred embodiment, the trigger output of the turret controller is connected to the serial port of the test unit via a DB9 serial cable with BNC connector.
According to a preferred embodiment, the specific test procedure for generating the angular domain pattern comprises: the vector network analyzer sets delay in a point frequency, external trigger and channel trigger mode, continuously scans in the point frequency or linear frequency, and measures the radio frequency pulse signals in real time; the turntable controller controls the turntable to continuously run according to the start and stop angles required by the test, and outputs an angle synchronous signal in real time according to the angle stepping required by the test, and controls the test unit to read or store the test data from the vector network analyzer; the test unit judges whether the angle synchronous signal is the last angle synchronous signal, if not, the test is continued; if yes, after receiving the last angle synchronous signal and reading or storing data, completing the sweep test of a group of angle domain patterns; in the data storage process, when a data reading mode of a computer is adopted, the read data is stored in a data file according to a specified format; when the data is stored on the vector network analyzer, the test unit sequentially recalls the test data after the test is completed, reads the data out, and stores the data file according to the appointed format; and the testing unit automatically enters the next beam pointing angle test according to the input testing information until the test is finished.
The foregoing inventive concepts and various further alternatives thereof may be freely combined to form multiple concepts, all of which are contemplated and claimed herein. Various combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the present disclosure, and are not intended to be exhaustive or all of the present disclosure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method adopts the hardware synchronization of the vector network analyzer and the pulse antenna, the software synchronization of the vector network analyzer and the turntable, and the combination of the hardware synchronization and the software synchronization is realized on the vector network analyzer, so that the synchronization problem among the pulse antenna, the vector network analyzer and the turntable in the conventional pulse antenna pattern test is solved, and the test of the amplitude and the phase pattern of the receiving and transmitting states of the pulse antenna is realized;
the synchronous signal meeting the antenna requirement is used for controlling the antenna and the instrument, and the test environment is consistent with the actual use condition;
the method ensures one-to-one correspondence between the test data and the antenna angle through software synchronization while using the synchronous signals meeting the antenna requirements;
the patent adopts a continuous test mode, no interruption process is caused, data processing is not needed in the test process, the pattern data is directly obtained, and the test time is greatly saved; meanwhile, the sweep test of pulses (particularly suitable for a broadband phased array antenna in a delay line mode and a passive pulse antenna) is realized, and the test efficiency is obviously improved;
the method is also applicable to the directional diagram test of the pulse antenna in the non-phased array mode, and is particularly suitable for sweep frequency test;
this patent only needs a simple serial port switching cable of homemade, realizes low cost, easy operation is convenient, operation is reliable and stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a pattern synchronization test method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating synchronous sampling of pulse signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing synchronous sampling of pulse signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a synchronous reading or storing of data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a DB9 serial cable with BNC male head according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a pulse antenna receive pattern test of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a pulse antenna transmit pattern test of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the test steps of the pulse antenna pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a pattern synchronization test method of a phased array antenna with a pulse system. The test of the pulse antenna pattern relates to the synchronization problem among the radio frequency pulse signal of the pulse antenna, the vector network analyzer and the angle position of the turntable, and the pulse antenna pattern is divided into two parts by the patent, namely the synchronization (hardware synchronization) of the pulse antenna and the vector network analyzer, and the synchronization (software synchronization) of the vector network analyzer and the turntable.
As shown in fig. 1, the vector network analyzer and the pulse antenna system are synchronized by hardware, and under the control of the synchronizing signal, the real-time synchronous sampling is continuously performed on the radio frequency pulse signal. The angle synchronous signal of the turntable triggers the serial port of the test computer, the antenna test unit receives the serial port trigger signal, and the antenna test unit synchronously reads or stores test data from the vector network analyzer to realize software synchronization. The combination of hardware synchronization and software synchronization is completed on the vector network analyzer, so that the purpose of completely synchronizing the pulse antenna, the vector network analyzer and the turntable is achieved. In this embodiment, the test unit is specifically a test computer.
Specifically, the pattern synchronization test method comprises the following steps:
and in the hardware synchronization step, the pulse signal source outputs two paths of same synchronization signals based on the period and the pulse width of the pulse antenna. One path of synchronous signal is provided for the pulse antenna, and the pulse antenna is controlled to work according to the corresponding pulse time slot to output a radio frequency pulse signal. Such as controlling TR components, active power distribution networks, radio frequency switches, etc. The other path of synchronous signal is provided for a vector network analyzer, and the radio frequency pulse signal is synchronously and continuously sampled.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, in the channel triggering mode of point frequency and external triggering, the receiver selects a wider Intermediate Frequency Bandwidth (IFBW), sets a proper number of scanning points, triggers by using the rising edge or the falling edge of the synchronous pulse, avoids the overshoot section and the trailing section of the pulse according to the actual response time of the pulse antenna, selects the middle section of the top signal of the radio frequency pulse, and sets a proper delay; and then continuously performing synchronous scanning sampling under the linear frequency (or other scanning modes) and the externally triggered point triggering mode to obtain the amplitude and phase data of the radio frequency pulse signals of all frequency points in the test frequency band, namely, the vector network analyzer performs real-time measurement no matter whether the turntable operates or not, and waits for a test computer to read or store the test data.
As shown in fig. 4, the software synchronization part of the vector network analyzer and the turntable, the angle synchronization signal output by the turntable controller triggers the serial port of the test unit, and the real-time measurement data is synchronously read from the vector network analyzer in response to the serial port event or is directly stored on the vector network analyzer according to the corresponding naming rule. I.e. the test unit synchronously reads or stores a set of measurement data from the vector network analyzer every time the turntable rotates one step.
As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a DB9 serial cable with BNC connector is used to connect the trigger output of the turntable controller and the serial port of the computer. The angle synchronous signal output by the turntable controller is usually a TTL signal, the outer conductor of the BNC is connected with the 5 pin (RS 232 serial port GND) of the DB9, the inner conductor of the BNC is connected with the 2 pin (RS 232 serial port RXD) of the DB9, the OnComm () event of the RS232 serial port can be directly triggered, and according to the pulse width and the approximate period of the trigger signal (the pulse period output by the turntable is slightly different in the acceleration and deceleration process and the uniform speed operation), the proper baud rate is set, so that the trigger information can be stably received without concern of the received serial port data content. When the interface levels do not match, a pulse signal source or other device can be used for corresponding level conversion.
As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, as an implementation manner, the test flow is as follows:
setting up an antenna and a connecting cable, and initializing a pulse antenna, a testing instrument and a turntable;
the vector network analyzer sets delay in a point frequency, external trigger and channel trigger mode, continuously scans in the point frequency or linear frequency, and measures the radio frequency pulse signals in real time;
the turntable controller controls the turntable to continuously run according to the start and stop angles required by the test, and outputs an angle synchronous signal in real time according to the angle stepping required by the test, and controls the test unit to read or store the test data from the vector network analyzer;
determine is the last angle synchronization signal? If not, continuing the test, if yes, after receiving the last angle synchronous signal and reading or storing the data, completing the sweep test of a group of angle domain patterns;
the data storage part is used for storing the data file according to a specified format when a computer is used for reading the data; when the data is stored in the vector network analyzer, the test software automatically and sequentially recalls the test data after the test is completed, reads the data out, and stores the data file according to the specified format.
And the testing software automatically enters the next beam pointing angle test according to the input testing information until the test is finished.
In summary, the pulse signal source controls the vector network analyzer to synchronize with the pulse antenna, and the radio frequency pulse signal is continuously and synchronously sampled all the time regardless of whether the turntable rotates or not. The angle synchronous pulse of the turntable controller triggers test computer software to synchronously read or store test data on the vector network analyzer, so that synchronous test of the pulse antenna pattern is realized. The method has the advantages of clear theoretical thought, simple and convenient operation, high testing speed, high efficiency and the like, is low in hardware improvement cost and good in economic benefit, and solves the synchronous problem existing in the practical application of the pulse antenna pattern test.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The pattern synchronous test method of the pulse system phased array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a hardware synchronization step, wherein a pulse signal source outputs two paths of same synchronous signals based on the period and the pulse width of a pulse antenna, wherein one path of synchronous signals are provided for the pulse antenna, and the pulse antenna is controlled to work according to corresponding pulse time slots to output radio frequency pulse signals; the other path of synchronous signal is provided to a vector network analyzer, and the radio frequency pulse signal is synchronously and continuously sampled;
in the same step of hardware, the vector network analyzer firstly selects an intermediate frequency bandwidth IFBW under a channel triggering mode of point frequency and external triggering, sets the number of scanning points, triggers by utilizing the rising edge or the falling edge of a synchronous pulse, avoids an overshoot section and a trailing section of the pulse according to the actual response time of a pulse antenna, selects the middle section of a radio frequency pulse top signal, and sets delay;
continuously performing synchronous scanning sampling under the point frequency or linear frequency, external trigger and point trigger modes to obtain the amplitude and phase data of the radio frequency pulse signals of all frequency points in the test frequency band, performing real-time measurement, and waiting for a test unit to read or store the test data;
a software synchronization step, namely outputting an angle synchronization signal by the turntable controller to trigger a serial port of the test unit; the test unit receives the serial port trigger signal, synchronously reads or stores the test data from the vector network analyzer, realizes one-to-one correspondence of the radio frequency pulse signal test data and the turntable angle, and generates an angle domain pattern.
2. The pattern synchronization test method according to claim 1, wherein in the hardware synchronization step, the vector network analyzer is not limited to continuously performing synchronous scanning sampling in a dot frequency or linear frequency mode.
3. The pattern synchronization test method according to claim 1, wherein the test unit stores the test data on the vector network analyzer based on a preset naming rule.
4. The pattern synchronization test method according to claim 1, wherein in the software synchronization step, the test unit synchronously reads or stores a set of measurement data from the vector network analyzer every time the turntable rotates one step.
5. The pattern synchronization test method of claim 1, wherein the trigger output of the turntable controller is connected to the serial port of the test unit via a DB9 serial port cable with a BNC connector.
6. The pattern synchronization test method of claim 1, wherein the specific test procedure for generating the angle domain pattern comprises:
the vector network analyzer sets delay in a point frequency, external trigger and channel trigger mode, continuously scans in the point frequency or linear frequency, and measures the radio frequency pulse signals in real time;
the turntable controller controls the turntable to continuously run according to the start and stop angles required by the test, and outputs an angle synchronous signal in real time according to the angle stepping required by the test, and controls the test unit to read or store the test data from the vector network analyzer;
the test unit judges whether the angle synchronous signal is the last angle synchronous signal, if not, the test is continued; if yes, after receiving the last angle synchronous signal and reading or storing data, completing the sweep test of a group of angle domain patterns;
in the data storage process, when a data reading mode of a computer is adopted, the read data is stored in a data file according to a specified format; when the data is stored on the vector network analyzer, the test unit sequentially recalls the test data after the test is completed, reads the data out, and stores the data file according to the appointed format;
and the testing unit automatically enters the next beam pointing angle test according to the input testing information until the test is finished.
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