CN114395591A - 一种碎米结晶果糖的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 102000004195 Isomerases Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)预处理,(2)液化,(3)糖化,(4)异构化,(5)色谱分离及(6)冷却结晶。本发明在预处理过程采用胶体磨磨浆,可有效地将碎米粉碎、乳化、均质,过滤后得到均质性好的米浆液;糖化过程采用由麦芽糖酶、异淀粉酶及普鲁兰酶组成的复合酶在pH为3‑6的条件下,对脱蛋白酶后的液化液进行糖化,有效提高糖浆的品质,纳滤膜过滤分离可分离聚糖、蛋白等大分子杂质;本发明通过将碎米经过预处理、液化、糖化、异构化、色谱分离、真空浓缩及冷却结晶等步骤制备结晶果糖,得到的结晶果糖颗粒均匀、纯度高,且结晶率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及糖类生产领域,尤其涉及一种碎米结晶果糖的制备方法。
背景技术
果糖是一种常见的己酮糖,是葡萄糖的同分异构体,果糖的分子较蔗糖小,渗透压比蔗糖高出一倍,能较快地穿透细胞组织,有利于抑制食品表面微生物生长,防腐性能好。果糖的溶解度高,在水中扩散速度快,难结晶,在20℃时,溶解度为蔗糖的1.9倍,葡萄糖的3.7倍。这对于加工果脯、果酱、水果罐头、蜜饯等高糖渍食品十分有利,不仅能保留果品的风味本色,还可防止其表面干涸翻砂,具有较好的保藏效果,目前果糖已广泛地在食品、饮料、糖果、酿造、制药、日用化工、日常生活中应用,消费市场巨大。
我国大米加工行业,每年产生大量的碎米,碎米与整米的化学组成和营养价值几乎完全相同,但是碎米通常被用作饲料和醋、酒、饴糖等的原料使用,其价格仅仅为大米的1/3到1/2,这样不仅仅造成了稻米资源的极大浪费,而且降低了稻米加工企业的经济效益。因此通过碎米制备结晶果糖扩展碎米的综合利用途径,增加其附加值显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种可扩展碎米综合利用价值、结晶果糖纯度高的碎米结晶果糖的制备方法。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将碎米经过预处理后,得到米浆液;
(2)液化:在米浆液中加入耐高温α-淀粉酶,通过低压蒸汽喷射液化器,通入蒸汽进行层流保温液化;
(3)糖化:将液化液脱蛋白后,调节pH至3-6,再加入复合酶糖化;
(4)异构化:再将糖化液离子交换后用纳滤膜过滤,调节pH至6.5-7.5,进行异构酶异构化,得到果糖含量为40-45%的果糖浆;
(5)色谱分离:将果糖浆进行色谱分离,得到高浓度果糖浆,再将高浓度果糖浆真空浓缩至75-80%固形物;
(6)冷却结晶:将步骤(5)所得固形物进行冷却结晶,再经离心分离、洗涤、干燥得到结晶果糖。
较佳地,在步骤(1),所述预处理为:将碎米经过风选、水清洗后,浸泡3-4h,采用胶体磨磨浆,然后在50-100目滤网过滤。
较佳地,在步骤(2),所述耐高温α-淀粉酶的酶活为25000U/mL,α-淀粉酶的添加量为10-15U/克米重。
较佳地,在步骤(3),所述复合酶由质量比为1:1-3:2-4的麦芽糖酶、异淀粉酶及普鲁兰酶组成。
较佳地,所述麦芽糖酶的酶活为25000U/mL,异淀粉酶的酶活为20000U/mL,普鲁兰酶的酶活为12000U/mL。
较佳地,在步骤(4),所述异构酶固定设置在长形柱子内,所述糖化液自下而上流过柱子进行固定化异构,将糖化液内的葡萄糖转化为果糖。
较佳地,在步骤(4),所述纳滤膜的截留分子量为900-1200Da,纳滤的过滤压力为2-4MPa。
较佳地,在步骤(5),采用高效沸腾床对洗涤后的结晶果糖进行干燥。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明通过将碎米经过预处理、液化、糖化、异构化、色谱分离、真空浓缩及冷却结晶等步骤,制备结晶果糖,得到的结晶果糖颗粒均匀、纯度高,且结晶率高。
(2)本发明在预处理过程采用胶体磨磨浆,可有效地将碎米粉碎、乳化、均质,过滤后得到均质性好的米浆液;采用由麦芽糖酶、异淀粉酶及普鲁兰酶组成的复合酶在pH为3-6的条件下,对脱蛋白酶后的液化液进行糖化,可有效提高糖浆的品质。
(3)本发明采用离子交换可去除灰份杂质,纳滤膜过滤分离,可分离聚糖、蛋白等大分子杂质,在异构化前将影响成品质量的杂质去除,提高结晶果糖成品的纯度。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下举出优选实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。然而,需要说明的是,说明书中列出的许多细节仅仅是为了使读者对本发明的一个或多个方面有一个透彻的理解,即便没有这些特定的细节也可以实现本发明的这些方面。
实施例1
一种碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将碎米经过风选、水清洗后,浸泡3.5h,采用胶体磨磨浆,然后在80目滤网过滤,得到米浆液;
(2)液化:在米浆液中加入耐高温α-淀粉酶,其中α-淀粉酶的酶活为25000U/mL,α-淀粉酶的添加量为10U/克米重,混合均匀后,将米浆液送入低压蒸汽喷射液化器,分别通入100℃和110℃的蒸汽进行层流保温液化;
(3)糖化:将液化液脱蛋白后,调节pH至4,再加入复合酶糖化,其中复合酶由质量比为1:2:3的麦芽糖酶、异淀粉酶及普鲁兰酶组成,麦芽糖酶的酶活为25000U/mL,异淀粉酶的酶活为20000U/mL,普鲁兰酶的酶活为12000U/mL;
(4)异构化:再将糖化液离子交换后用纳滤膜过滤,调节pH至7,进行异构酶异构化,得到果糖含量为42%的果糖浆;其中,纳滤膜的截留分子量为1000Da,纳滤的过滤压力为3MPa;
(5)色谱分离:进料为浓度42%的F42果葡糖浆原料,经过连续色谱分离系统而来的纯度95%以上的果糖产品浓度大于25.0%,水用量约为进料质量的1.2-1.5倍,果糖回收率大于90%,副产品葡萄糖区果糖含量低于10%,浓度大于15%,将果糖浆进行色谱分离,得到高纯果糖浆,再将高浓度果糖浆真空浓缩至78%固形物;
(6)冷却结晶:将步骤(5)所得固形物进行冷却结晶,再经离心分离、洗涤、干燥得到结晶果糖。
实施例2
一种碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将碎米经过风选、水清洗后,浸泡3h,采用胶体磨磨浆,然后在50目滤网过滤,得到米浆液;
(2)液化:在米浆液中加入耐高温α-淀粉酶,其中α-淀粉酶的酶活为25000U/mL,α-淀粉酶的添加量为10U/克米重,混合均匀后,将米浆液送入低压蒸汽喷射液化器,分别通入105℃和115℃的蒸汽进行层流保温液化;
(3)糖化:将液化液脱蛋白后,调节pH至3,再加入复合酶糖化,其中复合酶由质量比为1:1:2的麦芽糖酶、异淀粉酶及普鲁兰酶组成,麦芽糖酶的酶活为25000U/mL,异淀粉酶的酶活为20000U/mL,普鲁兰酶的酶活为12000U/mL;
(4)异构化:再将糖化液离子交换后用纳滤膜过滤,调节pH至6.5,进行异构酶异构化,得到果糖含量为40%的果糖浆;其中,纳滤膜的截留分子量为900Da,纳滤的过滤压力为4MPa;
(5)色谱分离:进料为浓度40%左右的F42果葡糖浆原料,经过连续色谱分离系统而来的纯度95%以上的果糖产品浓度大于25.0%,水用量约为进料质量的1.2-1.5倍,果糖回收率大于90%,副产品葡萄糖区果糖含量低于10%,浓度大于15%,将果糖浆进行色谱分离,得到高纯果糖浆,再将高浓度果糖浆真空浓缩至75%固形物;
(6)冷却结晶:将步骤(5)所得固形物进行冷却结晶,再经离心分离、洗涤、干燥得到结晶果糖。
实施例3
一种碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将碎米经过风选、水清洗后,浸泡4h,采用胶体磨磨浆,然后在100目滤网过滤,得到米浆液;
(2)液化:在米浆液中加入耐高温α-淀粉酶,其中α-淀粉酶的酶活为25000U/mL,α-淀粉酶的添加量为10U/克米重,混合均匀后,将米浆液送入低压蒸汽喷射液化器,分别通入100℃和115℃的蒸汽进行层流保温液化;
(3)糖化:将液化液脱蛋白后,调节pH至3,再加入复合酶糖化,其中复合酶由质量比为1:3:4的麦芽糖酶、异淀粉酶及普鲁兰酶组成,麦芽糖酶的酶活为25000U/mL,异淀粉酶的酶活为20000U/mL,普鲁兰酶的酶活为12000U/mL;
(4)异构化:再将糖化液离子交换后用纳滤膜过滤,调节pH至7.5,进行异构酶异构化,得到果糖含量为45%的果糖浆;其中,纳滤膜的截留分子量为1200Da,纳滤的过滤压力为3MPa;
(5)色谱分离:进料为浓度50%左右的F42果葡糖浆原料,经过连续色谱分离系统而来的纯度95%以上的果糖产品浓度大于25.0%,水用量约为进料质量的1.2-1.5倍,果糖回收率大于90%,副产品葡萄糖区果糖含量低于10%,浓度大于15%,将果糖浆进行色谱分离,得到高纯果糖浆,再将高浓度果糖浆真空浓缩至80%固形物;
(6)冷却结晶:将步骤(5)所得固形物进行冷却结晶,再经离心分离、洗涤、干燥得到结晶果糖。
实施例4
一种碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将碎米经过风选、水清洗后,浸泡4h,采用胶体磨磨浆,然后在100目滤网过滤,得到米浆液;
(2)液化:在米浆液中加入耐高温α-淀粉酶,其中α-淀粉酶的酶活为25000U/mL,α-淀粉酶的添加量为10U/克米重,混合均匀后,将米浆液送入低压蒸汽喷射液化器,分别通入100℃和110℃的蒸汽进行层流保温液化;
(3)糖化:将液化液脱蛋白后,调节pH至4,再加入复合酶糖化,其中复合酶由质量比为1:2:3的麦芽糖酶、异淀粉酶及普鲁兰酶组成,麦芽糖酶的酶活为25000U/mL,异淀粉酶的酶活为20000U/mL,普鲁兰酶的酶活为12000U/mL;
(4)异构化:再将糖化液离子交换后用纳滤膜过滤,调节pH至7.5,进行异构酶异构化,得到果糖含量为40%的果糖浆;其中,纳滤膜的截留分子量为1200Da,纳滤的过滤压力为3MPa;
(5)色谱分离:进料为浓度50%左右的F42果葡糖浆原料,经过连续色谱分离系统而来的纯度95%以上的果糖产品浓度大于25.0%,水用量约为进料质量的1.2-1.5倍,果糖回收率大于90%,副产品葡萄糖区果糖含量低于10%,浓度大于15%,将果糖浆进行色谱分离,得到高纯果糖浆,再将高浓度果糖浆真空浓缩至80%固形物;
(6)冷却结晶:将步骤(5)所得固形物进行冷却结晶,再经离心分离、洗涤、干燥得到结晶果糖。
本发明通过将碎米经过预处理、液化、糖化、异构化、色谱分离、真空浓缩及冷却结晶等步骤,制备结晶果糖,因果糖熔点很低,本发明采用冷却结晶,可有效防止果糖的热分解和复合反应;采用离子交换可去除灰份杂质,纳滤膜过滤分离,可分离聚糖、蛋白等大分子杂质,在异构化前将影响成品质量的杂质去除,提高结晶果糖成品的纯度;本发明制备方法得到的结晶果糖颗粒均匀、纯度高,且结晶率高。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将碎米经过预处理后,得到米浆液;
(2)液化:在米浆液中加入耐高温α-淀粉酶,通过低压蒸汽喷射液化器,通入蒸汽进行层流保温液化;
(3)糖化:将液化液脱蛋白后,调节pH至3-6,再加入复合酶糖化;
(4)异构化:再将糖化液离子交换后用纳滤膜过滤,调节pH至6.5-7.5,进行异构酶异构化,得到果糖含量为40-45%的果糖浆;
(5)色谱分离:将果糖浆进行色谱分离,得到高浓度果糖浆,再将高浓度果糖浆真空浓缩至75-80%固形物;
(6)冷却结晶:将步骤(5)所得固形物进行冷却结晶,再经离心分离、洗涤、干燥得到结晶果糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1),所述预处理为:将碎米经过风选、水清洗后,浸泡3-4h,采用胶体磨磨浆,然后在50-100目滤网过滤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2),所述耐高温α-淀粉酶的酶活为25000U/mL,α-淀粉酶的添加量为10-15U/克米重。
4.根据权利要求1所述的碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(3),所述复合酶由质量比为1:1-3:2-4的麦芽糖酶、异淀粉酶及普鲁兰酶组成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,其特征在于:所述麦芽糖酶的酶活为25000U/mL,异淀粉酶的酶活为20000U/mL,普鲁兰酶的酶活为12000U/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(4),所述异构酶固定设置在长形柱子内,所述糖化液自下而上流过柱子进行固定化异构,将糖化液内的葡萄糖转化为果糖。
7.根据权利要求1所述的碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(4),所述纳滤膜的截留分子量为900-1200Da,纳滤的过滤压力为2-4MPa。
8.根据权利要求1所述的碎米结晶果糖的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(5),采用高效沸腾床对洗涤后的结晶果糖进行干燥。
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