CN114394233B - Sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and working method thereof - Google Patents

Sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and working method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114394233B
CN114394233B CN202111662611.9A CN202111662611A CN114394233B CN 114394233 B CN114394233 B CN 114394233B CN 202111662611 A CN202111662611 A CN 202111662611A CN 114394233 B CN114394233 B CN 114394233B
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China
Prior art keywords
aircraft
duct
rudder
rotor
tilting
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CN202111662611.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114394233A (en
Inventor
高亚东
吉爱红
李倩
文世坤
孙奕
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C35/00Flying-boats; Seaplanes
    • B64C35/008Amphibious sea planes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63GOFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/14Control of attitude or depth
    • B63G8/16Control of attitude or depth by direct use of propellers or jets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63GOFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/14Control of attitude or depth
    • B63G8/18Control of attitude or depth by hydrofoils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/02Gyroplanes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C35/00Flying-boats; Seaplanes
    • B64C35/005Flying-boats; Seaplanes with propellers, rudders or brakes acting in the water
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C5/00Stabilising surfaces
    • B64C5/02Tailplanes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C5/00Stabilising surfaces
    • B64C5/06Fins

Abstract

The invention provides a sea-air amphibious medium-spanning bionic aircraft and a working method thereof, wherein an aircraft body is shaped like a dolphin, a group of tilting duct rotors are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the aircraft body and serve as lifting systems, a propeller duct is arranged at the tail of the aircraft body and serves as a thrust system, and the coordination control of a vertical rudder and a horizontal rudder at the tail of the aircraft body is combined to realize sea-air amphibious medium-spanning flight. Fuselage internally mounted has sharp module, but sharp module passes through wire rope and is connected with the duct rotor that verts, and the duct rotor that can tilt is drawn in or is expanded in control, under the synergism of horizontal rudder and vertical rudder, can more accurately simulate dolphin to go out the water action, reduce the motion resistance to a great extent, improve the stability of going out into the water motion, effectively strengthen the flexibility of aircraft for it can adapt to complicated marine environment.

Description

Sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and working method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft design, and particularly relates to a sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and a working method thereof.
Background
In modern war, the unmanned plane has higher and higher requirements on reconnaissance concealment, battlefield personnel protection and the like, and can be used as a low-cost aircraft with reconnaissance equipment, so that reconnaissance before and during war can be realized in a concealed manner, and rich information is provided for decision making of the war and personnel protection. The sea-air medium-crossing bionic aircraft has both high speed of air flight and hidden underwater diving, has the integrated capability of air reconnaissance, ocean inspection and underwater anti-diving striking, is a novel strategic aircraft, has incomparable advantages of a conventional aircraft, can independently execute ocean tasks or form a comprehensive ocean combat network by matching with an aircraft carrier submarine, and has very wide application prospect and profound significance for future ocean combat. In addition, china is a country with long and narrow coastline and wide territory, the demand for ocean defense is continuously improved, and the ocean defense capacity and warship group fight capacity of China can be improved to a great extent by the air-sea cross-medium bionic aircraft.
However, researches on bionic aircrafts capable of realizing sea-air crossing mediums are few at present, and although some existing amphibious aircrafts can realize the functions, the capabilities of the existing amphibious aircrafts in aspects of concealment, adaptability to complex environments, air rise, drag reduction in water, stability and the like are still to be enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and a working method thereof, wherein the aircraft utilizes two tilting duct rotors, a propeller duct, a horizontal rudder and a vertical rudder to realize sea-air amphibious cross-medium flight, and utilizes a linear module and a steel wire rope to adjust the folding and unfolding of the tilting duct rotors, so that the problems of water inlet and outlet stability, air lift increase and drag reduction of the traditional cross-medium bionic aircraft are solved.
The present invention achieves the above technical object by the following means.
A sea-air amphibious medium-spanning bionic aircraft comprises a body imitating a dolphin shape, wherein a group of tilting duct rotors are movably arranged on two sides of the body, a linear module is arranged in the body and is respectively connected with two furling devices through steel wires, the furling devices are arranged at the ends of the tilting duct rotors, and the tilting duct rotors on two sides of the body are controlled to furl or unfold through the linear module;
the tail part of the machine body is provided with a propeller motor and a propeller duct, propeller blades are arranged in the propeller duct, and the propeller blades are driven to rotate by the propeller motor; the rear end of the propeller duct is respectively provided with a horizontal rudder and a vertical rudder through a support column, and the horizontal rudder and the vertical rudder are respectively and directly connected with the horizontal rudder steering engine and the vertical rudder steering engine; a medium-crossing engine is arranged in the machine body to provide flying and diving power for the whole aircraft.
Further, tilting duct rotor includes the tilting duct of being connected with the fuselage, tilting duct steering wheel is installed to tilting duct one end middle part position department, and the other end is provided with the duct section of thick bamboo, installs the rotor through duct rotor direct drive motor support frame in the duct section of thick bamboo and directly drives the motor, and rotor direct drive motor is connected with rotor paddle.
Further, draw in the device and include wire rope support and fixed pulley, wire rope support and fixed pulley are all installed at tilting duct tip, and wire rope one end is connected with the slider on the straight line module, and the other end walks around the fixed pulley and then is connected with wire rope support.
The working method of the amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft comprises four working modes of flight, water inlet, diving and water outlet, and the specific working process is as follows:
in the flight mode, the tilting duct rotors at the left side and the right side of the aircraft are perpendicular to the fuselage, and the rotor direct-drive motor drives the rotor blades to rotate so as to provide lift force for the aircraft during flight; meanwhile, the horizontal rudder and the vertical rudder at the tail part of the fuselage are respectively controlled by utilizing the horizontal rudder steering engine and the vertical rudder steering engine, so that three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during flying are realized;
in the water entering mode, the tilting duct steering engine drives tilting duct rotors on the left side and the right side of the aircraft to rotate around a transverse axis of the aircraft body, meanwhile, the horizontal rudder steering engine drives the horizontal rudder to rotate, and the rotation angle of the horizontal rudder is kept consistent with that of the tilting duct rotor, so that the overall posture of the aircraft is consistent with that of a dolphin when the aircraft enters water, and the impact of the aircraft when the aircraft enters water is minimum;
in the submarine mode, the sliding blocks on the linear modules do horizontal movement and pull the steel wire ropes, so that tilting duct rotors on the left side and the right side of the aircraft are driven to retract towards the direction of the aircraft body to form an included angle of 45 degrees, the resistance of the aircraft in the submarine mode is reduced, and the propeller motor drives propeller blades at the tail of the aircraft body to rotate and serve as an underwater propulsion system to provide underwater navigation power for the aircraft; simultaneously, the horizontal rudder and the vertical rudder at the tail part of the fuselage are respectively controlled by utilizing the horizontal rudder steering engine and the vertical rudder steering engine, so that three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during underwater diving are realized;
under the mode of yielding water, the sliding blocks on the linear modules do reverse horizontal movement, the steel wire ropes are loosened, the tilting duct rotors on the left side and the right side of the aircraft are gradually unfolded until the tilting duct rotors are kept in a vertical state with the fuselage, meanwhile, the tilting duct rotors on the left side and the right side of the tilting duct steering engine drive the aircraft to rotate around the transverse axis of the fuselage, the horizontal rudder steering engine drives the horizontal rudder to rotate, the rotation angle of the horizontal rudder is kept consistent with the rotation angle of the tilting duct rotors, the overall posture of the aircraft is consistent with the posture of the dolphin in yielding water, and the water yielding resistance of the aircraft is minimum at the moment.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the aircraft, the tilting duct rotors on two sides of the aircraft body are used as the lifting system, so that the air flight lifting force is provided, the propeller duct on the tail of the aircraft body is used as the thrust system, the thrust during underwater diving is provided, the air-sea amphibious medium-crossing flight can be realized, and the aircraft has a wide application prospect. The horizontal rudder and the vertical rudder arranged at the tail of the aircraft are matched with the tilting duct rotor wing, and pitch, roll and yaw postures of the aircraft during flying in the air and diving in water are cooperatively controlled.
According to the invention, the aircraft body is in the shape of a dolphin, the concealment is better, the aircraft utilizes the mutual cooperation of the linear module, the steel wire rope, the fixed pulley and the steel wire rope bracket, the folding and unfolding control of the rotor wings with tilting ducts on two sides is realized, the dolphin water outlet action can be more accurately simulated under the synergistic effect of the horizontal rudder and the vertical rudder, the movement resistance is reduced to a greater extent, the water outlet and inlet movement stability is improved, the flexibility of the aircraft is effectively enhanced, and the aircraft can adapt to complex ocean environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an aircraft in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a left tiltable bypass rotor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of the linear module and the tiltable bypass according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an aircraft in water mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a submerged mode of an aircraft according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the water outlet mode of the aircraft according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a fuselage; 2-left tiltable ducted rotor; 21-a tiltable duct; 22-tilting a bypass steering engine; 23-duct rotor wing direct-drive motor supporting frames; 24-rotor blades; 25-a steel wire rope bracket; 26-fixed pulleys; 3-propeller motor; 4-propeller blades; 5-propeller duct; 6-horizontal rudder; 7-a horizontal rudder steering engine; 8-vertical rudder; 9-vertical rudder steering engine; 10-right tiltable ducted rotor; 11-a steel wire rope; 12-a straight line module.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "left", "right", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or communicating between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
As shown in fig. 1, the amphibious medium-crossing bionic aircraft disclosed by the invention adopts a conventional layout, and comprises a fuselage 1, a left tiltable duct rotor wing 2, a propeller motor 3, a propeller blade 4, a propeller duct 5, a horizontal rudder 6, a horizontal rudder steering engine 7, a vertical rudder 8, a vertical rudder steering engine 9, a right tiltable duct rotor wing 10, a steel wire rope 11 and a linear module 12.
As shown in fig. 1, the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 are movably mounted on two sides of the fuselage 1 through hinges, the whole fuselage 1 of the aircraft is shaped like a dolphin, the aerodynamic performance is good, and the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 are respectively located at the positions of side fins of the dolphin.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 comprises a tiltable duct 21 connected with a fuselage 1, and a tiltable ducted steering engine 22 is installed at the middle position of one end of the tiltable duct 21, so that tilting movement of the tiltable duct 21 can be realized, and further the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 can rotate around the transverse axis of the fuselage 1; the other end of the tilting duct 21 is provided with a duct barrel, a rotor direct-drive motor is arranged in the duct barrel through a duct rotor direct-drive motor support frame 23, the rotor direct-drive motor is connected with rotor blades 24, and the rotor blades 24 are driven to rotate by the rotor direct-drive motor to provide the lift force required by the aircraft when flying in the air. The right tilting duct rotor wing and the left tilting duct rotor wing are identical in structure and size.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a linear module 12 is installed inside the machine body 1, the linear module 12 is respectively connected with two folding devices through a steel wire rope 11, and the folding devices are respectively installed at the end parts of tiltable ducts 21 at two sides of the machine body 1. The folding device comprises a steel wire rope bracket 25 and a fixed pulley 26, wherein the steel wire rope bracket 25 and the fixed pulley 26 are both arranged at the end part of the tilting duct 21, one end of the steel wire rope 11 is connected with a sliding block on the linear module 12, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the steel wire rope bracket 25 after bypassing the fixed pulley 26; the sliding blocks on the linear modules 12 can horizontally move along the transverse axis direction of the machine body 1, so that the steel wire ropes 11 on two sides are pulled, and the left tilting duct rotor wing 2 and the right tilting duct rotor wing 10 are driven by the steel wire ropes 11 to realize folding or unfolding movement around the horizontal plane.
As shown in fig. 1, a propeller motor 3 and a propeller duct 5 are installed at the tail of the fuselage 1, propeller blades 4 are arranged in the propeller duct 5, and the propeller blades 4 are driven to rotate by the propeller motor 3 to provide propulsion force required by the aircraft when the aircraft is submerged in water. The rear end of the propeller duct 5 is also provided with a horizontal rudder 6 and a vertical rudder 8 which are respectively and directly controlled by the horizontal rudder 7 and the vertical rudder 9 for realizing the direction control of the aircraft; the fixed ends of the horizontal rudder 6 and the vertical rudder 8 are fixed with the propeller duct 5 through two support columns, and the horizontal rudder 6 and the vertical rudder 8 are respectively and directly connected with the horizontal rudder 7 and the vertical rudder 9, so that the horizontal rudder 6 and the vertical rudder 8 are prevented from deforming in the running process of the aircraft.
The machine body 1 is internally provided with a cross-medium engine, the cross-medium engine is modified by a vortex shaft engine, conventional fuel oil can be combusted, and the cross-medium fuel can be combusted underwater to provide flight and diving power for the whole aircraft.
The invention relates to a sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft, which has four working modes, and the specific working method is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, in the flight mode, the left tiltable bypass rotor 2 and the right tiltable bypass rotor 10 on the left and right sides of the aircraft are perpendicular to the fuselage 1, and the rotor direct drive motor drives the rotor blades 24 to rotate so as to provide lift force for the aircraft during flight; meanwhile, the horizontal rudder 6 and the vertical rudder 8 at the tail part of the fuselage 1 are respectively controlled by the horizontal rudder 7 and the vertical rudder 9, so that three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during flight are realized.
As shown in fig. 4, in the water entry mode, the tiltable ducted steering engine 22 drives the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 to rotate by a certain angle, and at the same time, the horizontal rudder steering engine 7 drives the horizontal rudder 6 to rotate by a certain angle (consistent with the rotation angle of the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10), so that the aircraft reaches a posture similar to that when the dolphin enters water, and the minimum impact of the aircraft during water entry is ensured.
As shown in fig. 5, in the submarine mode, the sliding blocks on the linear module 12 do horizontal movement, and pull the steel wire rope 11, so as to drive the left tilting duct rotor wing 2 and the right tilting duct rotor wing 10 to fold towards the direction of the aircraft body 1, and form a 45-degree included angle, so that the resistance of the aircraft in the submarine mode is reduced, the propeller motor 3 drives the propeller blades 4 at the tail of the aircraft body 1 to rotate, and the underwater propulsion system is used for providing underwater navigation power for the aircraft; meanwhile, the horizontal rudder 6 and the vertical rudder 8 at the tail part of the fuselage 1 are respectively controlled by the horizontal rudder 7 and the vertical rudder 9, so that three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during underwater diving are realized.
As shown in fig. 6, in the water outlet mode, the sliding blocks on the linear module 12 do reverse horizontal movement, and the steel wire rope 11 is loosened, so that the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 are gradually unfolded until the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 are kept in a vertical state with the airframe 1, meanwhile, the tiltable ducted steering engine 22 drives the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 to rotate by a certain angle, the horizontal rudder steering engine 7 drives the horizontal rudder 6 to rotate by a certain angle (consistent with the rotation angle of the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10), so that the aircraft reaches a posture similar to that of dolphin water outlet, and the water outlet resistance of the aircraft is ensured to be minimum.
The examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious modifications, substitutions or variations that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The sea-air amphibious medium-spanning bionic aircraft is characterized by comprising a body (1) imitating a dolphin shape, wherein a group of tilting duct rotors are movably arranged on two sides of the body (1), a linear module (12) is arranged in the body (1), the linear module (12) is respectively connected with two folding devices through a steel wire rope (11), the folding devices are arranged at the end parts of the tilting duct rotors, and the tilting duct rotors on two sides of the body (1) are controlled to be folded or unfolded through the linear module (12);
a propeller motor (3) and a propeller duct (5) are arranged at the tail part of the machine body (1), propeller blades (4) are arranged in the propeller duct (5), and the propeller blades (4) are driven to rotate by the propeller motor (3); the rear end of the propeller duct (5) is respectively provided with a horizontal rudder (6) and a vertical rudder (8) through a support column, and the horizontal rudder (6) and the vertical rudder (8) are respectively and directly connected with the horizontal rudder steering engine (7) and the vertical rudder steering engine (9); a medium-crossing engine is arranged in the machine body (1) to provide flying and diving power for the whole aircraft;
the tilting duct rotor comprises a tilting duct (21) connected with the fuselage (1), a tilting duct steering engine (22) is arranged at the middle position of one end of the tilting duct (21), a duct barrel is arranged at the other end of the tilting duct, a rotor direct-drive motor is arranged in the duct barrel through a duct rotor direct-drive motor support frame (23), and the rotor direct-drive motor is connected with rotor blades (24);
the folding device comprises a steel wire rope bracket (25) and a fixed pulley (26), wherein the steel wire rope bracket (25) and the fixed pulley (26) are both arranged at the end part of the tilting duct (21), one end of the steel wire rope (11) is connected with a sliding block on the linear module (12), and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the steel wire rope bracket (25) after bypassing the fixed pulley (26).
2. The working method of the amphibious across-medium bionic aircraft according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising four working modes of flight, water entry, diving and water outlet, wherein the specific working process is as follows:
in the flight mode, the tilting duct rotors at the left side and the right side of the aircraft are perpendicular to the fuselage (1), and the rotor direct-drive motor drives the rotor blades (24) to rotate so as to provide lift force for the aircraft during flight; meanwhile, a horizontal rudder (6) and a vertical rudder (8) at the tail part of the fuselage (1) are respectively controlled by utilizing a horizontal rudder steering engine (7) and a vertical rudder steering engine (9), so that three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during flying are realized;
in the water entering mode, the tilting duct steering engine (22) drives the tilting duct rotor to rotate around the transverse axis of the fuselage (1), meanwhile, the horizontal steering engine (7) drives the horizontal steering engine (6) to rotate, and the rotation angle of the horizontal steering engine (6) is consistent with the rotation angle of the tilting duct rotor, so that the overall posture of the aircraft is consistent with the posture of the dolphin when the aircraft enters water, and the impact of the aircraft when the aircraft enters water is minimum;
in the submerging mode, the sliding block on the linear module (12) horizontally moves to pull the steel wire rope (11), so that the tilting duct rotor wing is driven to fold towards the direction of the aircraft body (1) to form a 45-degree included angle, the resistance of the aircraft in the submerging mode is reduced, the propeller motor (3) drives the propeller blade (4) at the tail of the aircraft body (1) to rotate, and the propeller blade is used as an underwater propulsion system to provide underwater navigation power for the aircraft; simultaneously, a horizontal rudder (6) and a vertical rudder (8) at the tail part of the fuselage (1) are respectively controlled by utilizing a horizontal rudder (7) and a vertical rudder (9), so that three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during underwater diving are realized;
under the mode of yielding water, the sliding block on the linear module (12) carries out reverse horizontal movement, the steel wire rope (11) is loosened, the tilting duct rotor wings are gradually unfolded until the tilting duct rotor wings are kept in a vertical state with the machine body (1), meanwhile, the tilting duct rotor wings are driven to rotate around the transverse shaft of the machine body (1) by the tilting duct steering engine (22), the horizontal rudder steering engine (7) drives the horizontal rudder (6) to rotate, the rotation angle of the horizontal rudder (6) is kept consistent with the rotation angle of the tilting duct rotor wings, the overall posture of the aircraft is consistent with the posture of the dolphin in yielding water, and the yielding water resistance of the aircraft is minimum at the moment.
CN202111662611.9A 2021-12-31 2021-12-31 Sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and working method thereof Active CN114394233B (en)

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CN114744741B (en) * 2022-05-18 2023-06-02 中国船舶科学研究中心 Dual-motor module submersible channel energy recovery system and operation method
CN115320843B (en) * 2022-09-02 2023-07-14 中南大学 Water-air double-power tilting rotor wing medium-crossing unmanned aerial vehicle
CN116238689B (en) * 2023-05-12 2023-09-29 南京航空航天大学 Perpendicular take-off and landing span medium aircraft based on propulsion wings and control system thereof
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