CN114394233A - Sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and working method thereof - Google Patents
Sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114394233A CN114394233A CN202111662611.9A CN202111662611A CN114394233A CN 114394233 A CN114394233 A CN 114394233A CN 202111662611 A CN202111662611 A CN 202111662611A CN 114394233 A CN114394233 A CN 114394233A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C35/00—Flying-boats; Seaplanes
- B64C35/008—Amphibious sea planes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
- B63G8/16—Control of attitude or depth by direct use of propellers or jets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
- B63G8/18—Control of attitude or depth by hydrofoils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/02—Gyroplanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C35/00—Flying-boats; Seaplanes
- B64C35/005—Flying-boats; Seaplanes with propellers, rudders or brakes acting in the water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C5/00—Stabilising surfaces
- B64C5/02—Tailplanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C5/00—Stabilising surfaces
- B64C5/06—Fins
Abstract
The invention provides a sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and a working method thereof. Fuselage internally mounted has sharp module, and sharp module passes through wire rope and is connected with the duct rotor that can vert, and the control duct rotor that can vert draws in or expands in, under the synergism of horizontal direction rudder and vertical direction rudder, can simulate dolphin more accurately and go out into the water action, reduces the movement resistance to a great extent, improves the stability of the water motion of cominging in and going out, effectively strengthens the flexibility of aircraft for it can adapt to complicated marine environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft design, and particularly relates to a sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and a working method thereof.
Background
The unmanned aerial vehicle has higher and higher requirements on reconnaissance concealment, battlefield personnel protection and the like in modern war, can realize the reconnaissance before and during war covertly as a low-cost aircraft capable of carrying reconnaissance equipment, and provides rich information for decision of battle and personnel protection. The sea-air cross-medium bionic aircraft has the high speed of air flight and the concealment of underwater diving, has the integrated capabilities of air reconnaissance, ocean patrol and underwater anti-diving strike, is a novel strategic aircraft, has incomparable advantages of a conventional aircraft, can independently execute ocean tasks or be matched with an aircraft carrier and a submarine to form a comprehensive ocean combat network, has a very wide application prospect, and has profound significance for future ocean wars. In addition, China is a country with a long and narrow coastline and a wide territory of territory, the demand for ocean defense is continuously improved, and the ocean defense capability and warship fighting capability of China can be certainly improved to a great extent by the ocean-space cross-medium bionic aircraft.
However, the research on the bionic aircraft capable of realizing the sea-air crossing medium is few at present, and although some existing amphibious aircrafts can realize the above functions, the capabilities of the existing amphibious aircrafts in aspects of concealment, adaptability to complex environment, aerial lift increase, drag reduction in water, stability and the like are still to be enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and a working method thereof.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft comprises a body in a dolphin-like shape, wherein a group of tiltable ducted rotors are movably mounted on two sides of the body;
the tail part of the machine body is provided with a propeller motor and a propeller duct, and propeller blades are arranged in the propeller duct and driven to rotate by the propeller motor; the rear end of the propeller duct is respectively provided with a horizontal rudder and a vertical rudder through support columns, and the horizontal rudder and the vertical rudder are respectively and directly connected with a horizontal rudder steering engine and a vertical rudder steering engine; the cross-medium engine is arranged in the aircraft body to provide flying and diving power for the whole aircraft.
Further, the duct that can vert rotor includes the duct that can vert of being connected with the fuselage, and duct that can vert steering engine is installed to duct one end middle part position department that can vert, and the other end is provided with a duct section of thick bamboo, directly drives motor support frame through the duct rotor in the duct section of thick bamboo and installs the rotor and directly drive the motor, and the rotor directly drives the motor and is connected with the rotor paddle.
Furthermore, the furling device comprises a steel wire rope support and a fixed pulley, the steel wire rope support and the fixed pulley are both arranged at the end part of the tiltable duct, one end of the steel wire rope is connected with a sliding block on the linear module, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the steel wire rope support after bypassing the fixed pulley.
The working method of the sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft comprises four working modes of flying, water entering, diving and water outlet, and the specific working process is as follows:
in a flight mode, the tiltable ducted rotors on the left side and the right side of the aircraft are both vertical to the aircraft body, and the rotor direct drive motor drives the rotor blades to rotate so as to provide lift force for the aircraft during flight; meanwhile, a horizontal rudder steering engine and a vertical rudder steering engine are used for respectively controlling a horizontal rudder and a vertical rudder at the tail part of the aircraft body, so that the three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during flight are realized;
in the water entering mode, the tiltable ducted steering engines drive tiltable ducted rotors on the left side and the right side of the aircraft to rotate around a transverse shaft of the aircraft body, meanwhile, the horizontal rudder steering engines drive the horizontal rudders to rotate, and the rotation angle of the horizontal rudders is consistent with that of the tiltable ducted rotors, so that the overall attitude of the aircraft is consistent with that of dolphins entering water, and the impact of the aircraft entering water is minimum;
in a diving mode, a sliding block on the linear module moves horizontally, and pulls a steel wire rope, so that tiltable ducted rotor wings on the left side and the right side of the aircraft are driven to be folded towards the direction of the aircraft body to form an included angle of 45 degrees, so that the resistance of the aircraft in the diving mode is reduced, and a propeller motor drives propeller blades at the tail part of the aircraft body to rotate to serve as an underwater propulsion system to provide underwater navigation power for the aircraft; meanwhile, a horizontal rudder steering engine and a vertical rudder steering engine are used for respectively controlling a horizontal rudder and a vertical rudder at the tail part of the machine body, so that the three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during underwater diving are realized;
under the water outlet mode, the slider on the linear module is reverse horizontal motion, loosen wire rope, the tiltable duct rotor wing of the aircraft left and right sides expandes gradually, until keeping the vertical state with the fuselage, simultaneously, the tiltable duct rotor wing of the tiltable duct steering wheel drive aircraft left and right sides is rotatory around the fuselage transverse axis, horizontal rudder steering engine drive horizontal rudder is rotatory, and horizontal rudder rotation angle and tiltable duct rotor wing rotation angle keep unanimous, make the whole gesture of aircraft unanimous with the gesture when the dolphin goes out water, aircraft play water resistance is minimum this moment.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the aircraft provided by the invention uses the tiltable ducted rotor wings at the two sides of the aircraft body as a lift system to provide air flight lift, and uses the propeller duct at the tail of the aircraft body as a thrust system to provide thrust during underwater diving, so that sea-air amphibious cross-medium flight can be realized, and the aircraft has a wide application prospect. The horizontal rudder and the vertical rudder arranged at the tail part of the aircraft are matched with the tiltable duct rotor wing, and the pitching, rolling and yawing postures of the aircraft during flying in the air and diving in water are cooperatively controlled.
The aircraft body is in a dolphin-like shape, the invisibility is better, the aircraft realizes the folding and unfolding control of the ducted rotors with two tiltable sides by utilizing the mutual matching of the linear module, the steel wire rope, the fixed pulley and the steel wire rope support, and can more accurately simulate the action of dolphin entering and exiting water under the synergistic action of the horizontal rudder and the vertical rudder, so that the motion resistance is reduced to a greater extent, the stability of the motion of entering and exiting water is improved, the flexibility of the aircraft is effectively enhanced, and the aircraft can adapt to the complex marine environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a flight mode of an aircraft according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a left tiltable ducted rotor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the linear module and the tiltable duct according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the water entry pattern of the aircraft of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the submersible mode of the aircraft of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the water outlet mode of the aircraft according to the invention.
In the figure: 1-a fuselage; 2-left tiltable ducted rotor wing; 21-a tiltable duct; 22-a tiltable duct steering engine; 23-a duct rotor direct drive motor support frame; 24-rotor blades; 25-a wire rope support; 26-a fixed pulley; 3-a propeller motor; 4-propeller blades; 5-a propeller duct; 6-horizontal rudder; 7-horizontal rudder steering engine; 8-vertical rudder; 9-vertical rudder steering engine; 10-right tiltable ducted rotor wing; 11-a steel wire rope; 12-linear modules.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention; the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections, direct connections, indirect connections through intervening media, and communication between two elements; the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in figure 1, the amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft adopting the sea and air is in a conventional layout and comprises an aircraft body 1, a left tiltable ducted rotor 2, a propeller motor 3, propeller blades 4, a propeller duct 5, a horizontal rudder 6, a horizontal rudder steering engine 7, a vertical rudder 8, a vertical rudder steering engine 9, a right tiltable ducted rotor 10, a steel wire rope 11 and a linear module 12.
As shown in figure 1, a left tilting duct rotor 2 and a right tilting duct rotor 10 are movably mounted on two sides of a fuselage 1 through hinges, the overall fuselage 1 of the aircraft is in a dolphin-like shape, the aerodynamics is good, and the left tilting duct rotor 2 and the right tilting duct rotor 10 are respectively located at the position of a dolphin side fin.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 includes a tiltable duct 21 connected to the airframe 1, and a tiltable ducted steering engine 22 is installed at a middle position of one end of the tiltable duct 21, so as to ensure that the tiltable duct 21 can perform tilting motion, and further enable the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 to rotate around a transverse axis of the airframe 1; the other end of the inclinable duct 21 is provided with a duct cylinder, a rotor direct-drive motor is installed on a motor support frame 23 through a duct rotor direct-drive in the duct cylinder, the rotor direct-drive motor is connected with a rotor blade 24, and the rotor blade 24 is driven to rotate by the rotor direct-drive motor to provide the lift force required by the aircraft during flying in the air. The right inclinable ducted rotor wing and the left inclinable ducted rotor wing are identical in structure and size.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a linear module 12 is installed inside the fuselage 1, the linear module 12 is connected with two furling devices through a steel wire 11, and the furling devices are installed at the ends of the tiltable ducts 21 at both sides of the fuselage 1. The furling device comprises a steel wire rope support 25 and a fixed pulley 26, the steel wire rope support 25 and the fixed pulley 26 are both arranged at the end part of the inclinable duct 21, one end of a steel wire rope 11 is connected with a sliding block on the linear module 12, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the steel wire rope support 25 after bypassing the fixed pulley 26; the slider on the straight line module 12 can be along the fuselage 1 horizontal axis direction and be the horizontal motion, and then the wire rope 11 of pulling both sides, drives left inclinable duct rotor 2 and right inclinable duct rotor 10 through wire rope 11 and realizes drawing in or the motion of expanding around the horizontal plane.
As shown in fig. 1, a propeller motor 3 and a propeller duct 5 are installed at the tail of the aircraft body 1, propeller blades 4 are arranged in the propeller duct 5, and the propeller blades 4 are driven by the propeller motor 3 to rotate so as to provide the propelling force required by the aircraft when the aircraft is submerged in water. The rear end of the propeller duct 5 is also provided with a horizontal rudder 6 and a vertical rudder 8 which are respectively and directly controlled by a horizontal rudder steering engine 7 and a vertical rudder steering engine 9 and are used for realizing the direction control of the aircraft; the fixed ends of the horizontal rudder 6 and the vertical rudder 8 are fixed with the propeller duct 5 through two support columns, and the horizontal rudder 6 and the vertical rudder 8 are respectively and directly connected with the horizontal rudder steering engine 7 and the vertical rudder steering engine 9, so that the horizontal rudder 6 and the vertical rudder 8 are prevented from deforming in the operation process of the aircraft.
The cross-medium engine is installed in the fuselage 1, is realized by the modification of a turboshaft engine, can burn conventional fuel oil, can burn cross-medium fuel underwater, and provides flying and sneak power for the whole aircraft.
The sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft has four working modes, and the specific working method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, in a flight mode, a left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and a right tiltable ducted rotor 10 on the left and right sides of an aircraft are both perpendicular to a fuselage 1, and a rotor direct drive motor drives rotor blades 24 to rotate so as to provide a lift force for the aircraft during flight; meanwhile, a horizontal rudder 6 and a vertical rudder 8 at the tail part of the aircraft body 1 are respectively controlled by a horizontal rudder steering engine 7 and a vertical rudder steering engine 9, so that the three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during flight are realized.
As shown in fig. 4, in the water inlet mode, the tiltable ducted steering engine 22 drives the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 to rotate by a certain angle, and simultaneously, the horizontal rudder steering engine 7 drives the horizontal rudder 6 to rotate by a certain angle (the rotation angles of the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 are kept the same), so that the aircraft reaches the attitude similar to that of the dolphin when entering the water, and the impact of the aircraft when entering the water is minimum.
As shown in fig. 5, in the diving mode, the slider on the linear module 12 moves horizontally, and pulls the steel wire rope 11, so as to drive the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 to fold toward the fuselage 1, forming an included angle of 45 degrees, so as to reduce the resistance of the aircraft in the diving mode, and the propeller motor 3 drives the propeller blades 4 at the tail of the fuselage 1 to rotate, so as to serve as an underwater propulsion system to provide underwater navigation power for the aircraft; meanwhile, a horizontal rudder 6 and a vertical rudder 8 at the tail part of the machine body 1 are respectively controlled by a horizontal rudder steering engine 7 and a vertical rudder steering engine 9, so that the three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during underwater diving are realized.
As shown in fig. 6, under the water outlet mode, the slider on the linear module 12 makes a reverse horizontal motion, and the wire rope 11 is loosened, so that the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 gradually expand until keeping a vertical state with the body 1, and meanwhile, the tiltable ducted steering engine 22 drives the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10 to rotate by a certain angle, and the horizontal rudder steering engine 7 drives the horizontal rudder 6 to rotate by a certain angle (keeping the same as the rotation angles of the left tiltable ducted rotor 2 and the right tiltable ducted rotor 10), so that the aircraft reaches a posture similar dolphin water outlet, and the aircraft water outlet resistance is ensured to be minimum.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft is characterized by comprising an airframe (1) imitating a dolphin shape, wherein a group of tiltable ducted rotors are movably mounted on two sides of the airframe (1), a linear module (12) is mounted inside the airframe (1), the linear module (12) is respectively connected with two furling devices through a steel wire rope (11), the furling devices are mounted at the end parts of the tiltable ducted rotors, and the tiltable ducted rotors on two sides of the airframe (1) are controlled to furl or unfold through the linear module (12);
a propeller motor (3) and a propeller duct (5) are installed at the tail part of the machine body (1), propeller blades (4) are arranged in the propeller duct (5), and the propeller blades (4) are driven to rotate by the propeller motor (3); the rear end of the propeller duct (5) is respectively provided with a horizontal rudder (6) and a vertical rudder (8) through a support column, and the horizontal rudder (6) and the vertical rudder (8) are respectively and directly connected with a horizontal rudder steering engine (7) and a vertical rudder steering engine (9); a medium-crossing engine is arranged in the aircraft body (1) to provide flying and diving power for the whole aircraft.
2. An amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the tiltable duct rotor comprises a tiltable duct (21) connected with the aircraft body (1), a tiltable duct steering engine (22) is installed in the middle of one end of the tiltable duct (21), a duct cylinder is arranged at the other end of the tiltable duct rotor, a rotor direct-drive motor is installed in the duct cylinder through a duct rotor direct-drive motor support frame (23), and the rotor direct-drive motor is connected with the rotor blades (24).
3. An amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft according to claim 2, wherein the furling device comprises a steel wire rope support (25) and a fixed pulley (26), the steel wire rope support (25) and the fixed pulley (26) are both mounted at the end of the tiltable duct (21), one end of the steel wire rope (11) is connected with a sliding block on the linear module (12), and the other end of the steel wire rope (11) is connected with the steel wire rope support (25) after bypassing the fixed pulley (26).
4. A working method of a sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising four working modes of flying, water entering, diving and water outlet, and the specific working process is as follows:
in a flight mode, the tiltable ducted rotors on the left side and the right side of the aircraft are both vertical to the aircraft body (1), and the rotor direct drive motor drives rotor blades (24) to rotate so as to provide lift force for the aircraft during flight; meanwhile, a horizontal rudder (6) and a vertical rudder (8) at the tail part of the aircraft body (1) are respectively controlled by a horizontal rudder steering engine (7) and a vertical rudder steering engine (9), so that the three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during flying are realized;
in the water inlet mode, a tiltable duct steering engine (22) drives a tiltable duct rotor to rotate around a transverse shaft of a machine body (1), meanwhile, a horizontal rudder steering engine (7) drives a horizontal rudder (6) to rotate, and the rotation angle of the horizontal rudder (6) is consistent with that of the tiltable duct rotor, so that the overall attitude of the aircraft is consistent with that of a dolphin when entering water, and the impact of the aircraft when entering water is minimum;
in a submerging mode, a sliding block on the linear module (12) moves horizontally to pull the steel wire rope (11), so that the tiltable ducted rotor wing is driven to be folded towards the direction of the aircraft body (1) to form an included angle of 45 degrees, the resistance of the aircraft in the submerging mode is reduced, and the propeller motor (3) drives the propeller blades (4) at the tail part of the aircraft body (1) to rotate to serve as an underwater propulsion system to provide underwater navigation power for the aircraft; meanwhile, a horizontal rudder steering engine (7) and a vertical rudder steering engine (9) are used for respectively controlling a horizontal rudder (6) and a vertical rudder (8) at the tail part of the machine body (1), so that the three-axis attitude stabilization and control of pitching, rolling and yawing during underwater diving are realized;
under water outlet mode, reverse horizontal movement is made to the slider on sharp module (12), loosen wire rope (11), the tilting duct rotor expandes gradually, until keeping the vertical state with fuselage (1), simultaneously, tilting duct steering wheel (22) drive tilting duct rotor is rotatory around fuselage (1) transverse axis, horizontal rudder steering wheel (7) drive horizontal rudder (6) are rotatory, and horizontal rudder (6) rotation angle and tilting duct rotor rotation angle keep unanimous, the gesture when making the whole gesture of aircraft and dolphin play water is unanimous, the aircraft play water resistance is minimum this moment.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111662611.9A CN114394233B (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and working method thereof |
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| CN202111662611.9A CN114394233B (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Sea-air amphibious cross-medium bionic aircraft and working method thereof |
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| CN114394233B CN114394233B (en) | 2023-09-15 |
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| CN115320843A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-11 | 中南大学 | Water-air dual-power tilt rotor cross-medium unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN116238689A (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-06-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | Perpendicular take-off and landing span medium aircraft based on propulsion wings and control system thereof |
| CN117103919A (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2023-11-24 | 广东工业大学 | Water-air amphibious catamaran and control method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN114394233B (en) | 2023-09-15 |
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