CN114393194B - Production method of stainless steel composite plate - Google Patents
Production method of stainless steel composite plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114393194B CN114393194B CN202111663701.XA CN202111663701A CN114393194B CN 114393194 B CN114393194 B CN 114393194B CN 202111663701 A CN202111663701 A CN 202111663701A CN 114393194 B CN114393194 B CN 114393194B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a stainless steel composite plate steel plate, which comprises the working procedures of steel plate smelting, molten steel vacuum casting, cooling after casting and steel plate leveling. The invention adopts a melting method to produce the stainless steel composite board, and the stainless steel composite board is cast through a reasonable vacuum melting chamber, so that the quality of the composite board is ensured, surface cracks are avoided, and the steel plate is directly cast into a material without heating and rolling. The invention adopts the vacuum melting casting technology, realizes the production of the stainless steel composite board with the maximum thickness of 20mm, and has extremely high production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a production method of a stainless steel composite plate.
Background
The stainless steel composite board is formed by taking stainless steel as a coating layer and carbon steel as a base layer and mainly compounding the stainless steel and the carbon steel through hot rolling. Currently, it has become the largest world-wide layered composite. The stainless steel layer can not only exert the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and antimagnetic performance of the stainless steel layer, but also exert the good weldability, formability, drawability and thermal conductivity of the carbon steel base layer.
The main production method of the stainless steel composite plate comprises explosion cladding and rolling cladding. However, the two methods have the following problems that (1) the production flow is long, both explosion and rolling compounding are required to use an original continuous casting blank, or the rolled steel plate is subjected to explosion or welding compounding to manufacture a compound original blank, and corresponding rolling is carried out in the later stage, so that the later production flow is long, and the factors influencing the performance of a compound layer are increased; (2) The covering with the width of more than 3000mm can not be made, and the performance of the welded part of the steel plate is greatly reduced because secondary flat welding is needed in the production of the stainless steel composite plate by using a plurality of wider explosion compounds at present. The ability of rolling to produce wider composite panels is limited by the mill capacity of the steelworks. (3) The two composite methods are used for producing the composite layer performance of the steel plate, and the composite layer performance is not suitable due to performance fluctuation caused by excessive influence factors of a blank making process, a rolling process and an explosion process, such as combination ratio and shearing strength.
Therefore, the stainless steel composite board with wide width and excellent performance is developed, and the stainless steel composite board has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a production method of a stainless steel composite plate, which enables the steel plate to have good comprehensive performance and good plate shape through the production process design of the stainless steel composite plate, meets the excellent production requirement of users on the stainless steel composite plate and has wide application prospect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the production method of the stainless steel composite plate comprises the working procedures of steel plate smelting, molten steel vacuum casting, cooling after casting and steel plate leveling;
(1) The steel plate smelting process comprises the following steps: when smelting the mother plate, the molten steel is sent into an LF furnace for refining after primary smelting; when the refining is finished and the Al content of molten steel is 0.015-0.030 percent and the S content is less than or equal to 0.003 percent, carrying out vacuum treatment on a ladle VD furnace, and adding pure calcium wires before the vacuum degassing treatment on the VD furnace, wherein the consumption is 100-200 kg/ton of steel; adopting an AOD furnace to produce when smelting stainless steel;
(2) The molten steel vacuum casting process comprises the following steps: when rectangular materials are produced, firstly adjusting the width and the length of a casting groove according to the order requirement, and adjusting the thickness to be 20-25mm larger than the actual production thickness; casting molten steel of a mother plate material in a vacuum casting chamber at a casting speed of 2-4t/min, and keeping the vacuum degree at 0.01-0.1Pa to prevent impurities in air such as oxygen inhalation;
(3) The molten steel vacuum casting process comprises the following steps: after the mother board is cast and molded, an automatic peeling machine is used for carrying out surface die repairing, the thickness of the die repairing is 1-2mm, and dust removing operation is carried out after vacuum is destroyed; meanwhile, the surface of the mother board needs to be subjected to alcohol cleaning and drying operation;
(4) The molten steel vacuum casting process comprises the following steps: after the mother plate is cast and molded, opening vacuum equipment, hanging a stainless steel ladle, vacuumizing again, keeping the vacuum degree at 0.001-0.01Pa, and adjusting the thickness of a casting groove to the actual production thickness; the casting speed is 0.5-1.5t/min, the water flow in the water tank is 300-400L/min, and the stainless steel layer is rapidly cast and cooled.
In the post-casting cooling process, the cast material is lifted out of a casting tank and stacked and slowly cooled for 12-24 hours.
The molten steel vacuum casting process in the step (2) comprises the following steps: before molten steel casting, water is introduced into the inner pipe of the water tank, the water flow is 200-300L/min, and the water temperature is controlled at 20-26 ℃.
According to the steel plate leveling process, after stacking, the steel plates need to be subjected to cold straightening treatment, and the unevenness is ensured to be less than or equal to 5mm/m. Depending on the motherboard performance requirements, a suitable heat treatment process may be selected to improve performance.
The thickness of the composite board steel plate produced by the method is 5-20mm.
The method for producing the composite board steel plate has the bonding rate of 100 percent, the shearing strength of more than or equal to 280Mpa and the flaw detection conforming to GB/T2970-2016I level.
The method provided by the invention can be used for producing the composite board with the width of 1500-3800mm and the length of 5000-12000mm.
The invention is applicable to stainless steel composite board products with common carbon and low alloy series.
The production method of the invention has superior performance of the composite layer due to direct melt contact (atomic contact). By matching with the vacuum casting process, the method can greatly reduce the absorption of hydrogen and nitrogen during the casting of the steel plate, and simultaneously improve the internal quality (flaw detection qualification rate, including composite layer flaw detection) and the bonding capability. Meanwhile, by reasonable technical parameter control such as casting speed of the vacuum chamber, the inclusion can be reduced, and the quality of the steel plate can be improved.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in: 1. the invention adopts a melting method to produce the stainless steel composite board, and the stainless steel composite board is cast through a reasonable vacuum melting chamber, so that the quality of composite blank making is ensured, surface cracks are avoided, and the steel plate is directly cast into a material without heating and rolling. 2. The invention adopts a vacuum melting casting process to realize the production of the stainless steel composite board with the maximum thickness of 20mm, and the product meets the performance requirement of GB/T8165-2008, wherein the bonding rate is 100 percent, the shearing strength is more than or equal to 280Mpa, the inside and outside bending is qualified, and the flaw detection meets the GB/T2970-2016I level. 3. The invention has the advantages of extremely low production cost and short production flow because blank heating and rolling are not needed, and the production efficiency of the composite board is extremely high.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description.
Example 1
The dimensions (thickness, width, length) of the stainless steel composite plate in this embodiment are: 5mm (0.5 mm+4.5 mm) 1500mm 5000mm, steel grade 304+q235b.
The production method comprises the following specific process steps of steel plate smelting, molten steel vacuum casting, cooling after casting and steel plate leveling:
(1) Steel plate smelting process: when smelting the mother plate, the molten steel is sent into an LF furnace for refining after primary smelting. When the Al content of molten steel smelting is 0.015 percent and the S content is 0.003 percent at the end of refining, carrying out vacuum treatment on a ladle VD furnace, and adding a pure calcium wire before the vacuum degassing treatment of the VD furnace, wherein the dosage is 100 kg/ton of steel; and an AOD furnace is adopted for production when the 304 stainless steel is smelted.
(2) Molten steel vacuum casting process: when rectangular materials are produced, the width and the length of the casting groove are adjusted according to the order requirement, and the thickness is adjusted to be 20mm larger than the actual production thickness. The molten steel of the mother plate material is cast in a vacuum casting chamber, the casting speed is 2t/min, the vacuum degree is kept at 0.01Pa, and impurities in air such as oxygen uptake and the like are prevented. Before molten steel casting, water is introduced into the inner pipe of the water tank, the water flow is 200L/min, and the water temperature is controlled at 20 ℃.
(3) Molten steel vacuum casting process: after the mother board is cast and molded, an automatic peeling machine is used for carrying out surface die repairing, the die repairing thickness is 1mm, and dust removing operation is carried out after vacuum is destroyed. And the surface of the mother board needs to be cleaned by alcohol and dried.
(4) Molten steel vacuum casting process: after the mother plate is cast and molded, the vacuum equipment is opened, the stainless steel ladle is hung in, the vacuum is pumped again, the vacuum degree is kept at 0.001Pa, and meanwhile, the thickness of the casting groove is adjusted to the actual production thickness. The casting speed is 0.5t/min, the water flow in the water tank is 300L/min, and the stainless steel layer is rapidly cast and cooled.
(5) Cooling procedure after casting: and lifting the cast material out of the casting tank, and stacking and slowly cooling for 12 hours.
(6) Flattening the steel plate: after stacking, the steel sheets need to be subjected to a cold straightening process to ensure a degree of unevenness of 5mm/m.
The mechanical property of the low-cost stainless steel composite board is as follows: flaw detection is carried out on GB/T2970-2016I level, the combination rate of the composite layer is 100%, the shearing strength is 370Mpa, the inner and outer bending is qualified, and the mother board performance is qualified.
Example 2
The dimensions (thickness, width, length) of the stainless steel composite plate in this embodiment are: 11mm (1 mm+10 mm) ×2000mm×800mm, steel grade 304+q345r.
The production method comprises the following specific process steps of steel plate smelting, molten steel vacuum casting, cooling after casting and steel plate leveling:
(1) Steel plate smelting process: when smelting the mother plate, the molten steel is sent into an LF furnace for refining after primary smelting. When the Al content of molten steel smelting is 0.018% and the S content is 0.002%, carrying out vacuum treatment on a ladle VD furnace, and adding a pure calcium wire before the vacuum degassing treatment of the VD furnace, wherein the dosage is 130 kg/ton of steel; and an AOD furnace is adopted for production when stainless steel is smelted.
(2) Molten steel vacuum casting process: when rectangular materials are produced, the width and the length of the casting groove are adjusted according to the order requirement, and the thickness is adjusted to be 22mm larger than the actual production thickness. The molten steel of the mother plate material is cast in a vacuum casting chamber, the casting speed is 2.5t/min, the vacuum degree is kept at 0.02Pa, and impurities in air such as oxygen uptake and the like are prevented. Before molten steel casting, water is introduced into the inner pipe of the water tank, the water flow is 250L/min, and the water temperature is controlled at 23 ℃.
(3) Molten steel vacuum casting process: after the mother board is cast and molded, an automatic peeling machine is used for carrying out surface die repairing, the die repairing thickness is 1.2mm, and dust removing operation is carried out after vacuum is destroyed. And the surface of the mother board needs to be cleaned by alcohol and dried.
(4) Molten steel vacuum casting process: after the mother plate is cast and molded, the vacuum equipment is opened, the stainless steel ladle is hung in, the vacuum is pumped again, the vacuum degree is kept at 0.003Pa, and meanwhile, the thickness of the casting groove is adjusted to the actual production thickness. The casting speed is 0.72t/min, the water flow in the water tank is 330L/min, and the stainless steel layer is rapidly cast and cooled.
(5) Cooling procedure after casting: and lifting the cast material out of the casting tank, stacking and slowly cooling for 15 hours.
(6) Flattening the steel plate: after stacking, the steel sheets need to be subjected to a cold straightening process to ensure a degree of unevenness of 4mm/m.
The mechanical property of the low-cost stainless steel composite board is as follows: flaw detection is carried out on GB/T2970-2016I level, the combination rate of the composite layer is 100%, the shearing strength is 305Mpa, the inner and outer bending is qualified, and the mother board performance is qualified.
Example 3
The dimensions (thickness, width, length) of the stainless steel composite plate in this embodiment are: 16mm (1 mm+15 mm) ×3100mm×10000mm, steel grade 316+q345b.
The production method comprises the following specific process steps of steel plate smelting, molten steel vacuum casting, cooling after casting and steel plate leveling:
(1) Steel plate smelting process: when smelting the mother plate, the molten steel is sent into an LF furnace for refining after primary smelting. When the Al content of molten steel smelting is 0.020% and the S content is 0.003%, carrying out vacuum treatment on a ladle VD furnace, and adding a pure calcium wire before the vacuum degassing treatment of the VD furnace, wherein the dosage is 140 kg/ton of steel; and an AOD furnace is adopted for production when stainless steel is smelted.
(2) Molten steel vacuum casting process: when rectangular materials are produced, the width and the length of the casting groove are adjusted according to the order requirement, and the thickness is adjusted to be 23mm larger than the actual production thickness. The molten steel of the mother plate material is cast in a vacuum casting chamber, the casting speed is 3t/min, the vacuum degree is kept at 0.08Pa, and impurities in air such as oxygen uptake and the like are prevented. Before molten steel casting, water is introduced into the inner pipe of the water tank, the water flow is 280L/min, and the water temperature is controlled at 24 ℃.
(3) Molten steel vacuum casting process: after the mother board is cast and molded, an automatic peeling machine is used for carrying out surface die repairing, the die repairing thickness is 1.7mm, and dust removing operation is carried out after vacuum is destroyed. And the surface of the mother board needs to be cleaned by alcohol and dried.
(4) Molten steel vacuum casting process: after the mother plate is cast and molded, the vacuum equipment is opened, the stainless steel ladle is hung in, the vacuum is pumped again, the vacuum degree is kept at 0.008Pa, and meanwhile, the thickness of the casting groove is adjusted to the actual production thickness. The casting speed is 1.2t/min, the water flow in the water tank is 390L/min, and the stainless steel layer is rapidly cast and cooled.
(5) Cooling procedure after casting: and lifting the cast material out of the casting tank, and stacking and slowly cooling for 20 hours.
(6) Flattening the steel plate: after stacking, the steel sheets need to be subjected to a cold straightening process to ensure a degree of unevenness of 4mm/m.
The mechanical properties of the stainless steel composite plate are as follows: flaw detection is carried out on GB/T2970-2016I level, the combination rate of the composite layer is 100%, the shearing strength is 325Mpa, the inner and outer bending is qualified, and the mother board performance is qualified.
Example 4
The dimensions (thickness, width, length) of the stainless steel composite plate in this embodiment are: 20mm (3mm+17mm) ×380mm×12000mm, steel grade 316l+q345r (HIC).
The production method comprises the following specific process steps of steel plate smelting, molten steel vacuum casting, cooling after casting and steel plate leveling:
(1) Steel plate smelting process: when smelting the mother plate, the molten steel is sent into an LF furnace for refining after primary smelting. When the Al content of molten steel smelting is 0.030% and the S content is 0.003%, carrying out vacuum treatment on a ladle VD furnace, and adding a pure calcium wire before the vacuum degassing treatment of the VD furnace, wherein the dosage of the pure calcium wire is 200 kg/ton of steel; and an AOD furnace is adopted for production when stainless steel is smelted.
(2) Molten steel vacuum casting process: when rectangular materials are produced, the width and the length of the casting groove are adjusted according to the order requirement, and the thickness is adjusted to be 25mm larger than the actual production thickness. The molten steel of the mother plate material is cast in a vacuum casting chamber, the casting speed is 4t/min, the vacuum degree is kept at 0.1Pa, and impurities in air such as oxygen uptake and the like are prevented. Before molten steel casting, water is introduced into the inner pipe of the water tank, the water flow is 300L/min, and the water temperature is controlled at 26 ℃.
(3) Molten steel vacuum casting process: after the mother board is cast and molded, an automatic peeling machine is used for carrying out surface die repairing, the die repairing thickness is 2mm, and dust removing operation is carried out after vacuum is destroyed. And the surface of the mother board needs to be cleaned by alcohol and dried.
(4) Molten steel vacuum casting process: after the mother plate is cast and molded, the vacuum equipment is opened, the stainless steel ladle is hung in, the vacuum is pumped again, the vacuum degree is kept at 0.01Pa, and meanwhile, the thickness of the casting groove is adjusted to the actual production thickness. The casting speed is 1.5t/min, the water flow in the water tank is 400L/min, and the stainless steel layer is rapidly cast and cooled.
(5) Cooling procedure after casting: and lifting the cast material out of the casting tank, and stacking and slowly cooling for 24 hours.
(6) Flattening the steel plate: after stacking, the steel sheets need to be subjected to a cold straightening process to ensure a degree of unevenness of 5mm/m.
(7) After straightening, carrying out normalizing heat treatment on the steel plate, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 900-910 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1.5min/mm.
The mechanical properties of the stainless steel composite plate are as follows: flaw detection is carried out on GB/T2970-2016I level, the combination rate of the composite layer is 100%, the shearing strength is 375Mpa, the inner and outer bending is qualified, and the mother board performance is qualified.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be encompassed by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The production method of the stainless steel composite plate steel plate is characterized by comprising the working procedures of steel plate smelting, molten steel vacuum casting, cooling after casting and steel plate leveling;
(1) The steel plate smelting process comprises the following steps: when smelting the mother plate, the molten steel is sent into an LF furnace for refining after primary smelting; when the refining is finished and the Al content of molten steel is 0.015-0.030 percent and the S content is less than or equal to 0.003 percent, carrying out vacuum treatment on a ladle VD furnace, and adding pure calcium wires before the vacuum degassing treatment on the VD furnace, wherein the consumption is 100-200 kg/ton of steel; adopting an AOD furnace to produce when smelting stainless steel;
(2) The molten steel vacuum casting process comprises the following steps: when rectangular materials are produced, firstly adjusting the width and the length of a casting groove according to the order requirement, and adjusting the thickness to be 20-25mm larger than the actual production thickness; casting molten steel of a mother plate material in a vacuum casting chamber at a casting speed of 2-4t/min, and keeping the vacuum degree at 0.01-0.1Pa to prevent impurities in oxygen uptake air;
(3) The molten steel vacuum casting process comprises the following steps: after the mother board is cast and molded, an automatic peeling machine is used for carrying out surface die repairing, the thickness of the die repairing is 1-2mm, and dust removing operation is carried out after vacuum is destroyed; meanwhile, the surface of the mother board needs to be subjected to alcohol cleaning and drying operation;
(4) The molten steel vacuum casting process comprises the following steps: after the mother plate is cast and molded, opening vacuum equipment, hanging a stainless steel ladle, vacuumizing again, keeping the vacuum degree at 0.001-0.01Pa, and adjusting the thickness of a casting groove to the actual production thickness; the casting speed is 0.5-1.5t/min, the water flow in the water tank is 300-400L/min, and the stainless steel layer is rapidly cast and cooled.
2. The method for producing a stainless steel composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) is a molten steel vacuum casting process: before molten steel casting, water is introduced into the inner pipe of the water tank, the water flow is 200-300L/min, and the water temperature is controlled at 20-26 ℃.
3. The method for producing a stainless steel composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the post-casting cooling step is performed by lifting the cast material out of the casting tank and performing stacking and slow cooling for 12-24 hours.
4. The method for producing a stainless steel composite plate according to claim 3, wherein the steel plate is subjected to cold straightening treatment after the steel plate is subjected to the flattening process and stacked, so that the unevenness is less than or equal to 5mm/m.
5. A method for producing a stainless steel clad plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the clad plate produced by the method is 5 to 20mm.
6. The method for producing the stainless steel composite plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bonding rate of the composite plate produced by the method is 100%, the shearing strength is more than or equal to 280Mpa, and the flaw detection is in accordance with GB/T2970-2016I level.
7. A method for producing a stainless steel clad plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method produces a clad plate having a width of 1500 to 3800mm and a length of 5000 to 12000mm.
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