CN114388865A - Lithium battery and formation method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium battery and formation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114388865A CN114388865A CN202111510612.1A CN202111510612A CN114388865A CN 114388865 A CN114388865 A CN 114388865A CN 202111510612 A CN202111510612 A CN 202111510612A CN 114388865 A CN114388865 A CN 114388865A
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium battery and a formation method thereof, which comprises the following steps: charging the lithium battery to a first formation stage under a first charging condition; standing for a first preset time period; after standing for a first preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a second formation stage under a second charging condition; standing for a second preset time period; after standing for a second preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a third formation stage under a third charging condition; standing for a third preset time period; and after standing for a third preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a fourth formation stage under a fourth charging condition. The invention directly adopts current charging formation, does not need to carry out negative pressure vacuumizing, hot pressing or voltage limiting formation on the lithium battery, greatly reduces the formation cost, is suitable for various types of lithium batteries, and has short formation time, good formation effect and strong universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery formation, in particular to a lithium battery and a formation method thereof.
Background
The current lithium battery formation method mainly comprises the following steps:
1. negative pressure chemical synthesis method: before formation, the battery core is vacuumized to reach a certain pressure P1, then small-current charging is carried out to reach a certain voltage, after pressure relief, vacuumizing is carried out to reach a certain pressure P2(P2 is less than P1), and then small-current charging is carried out to reach a certain voltage, so that formation is completed.
2. Hot pressing formation method: after certain pressure P1 is carried out to electric core, then heat to certain temperature to electric core, carry out certain undercurrent after and charge to certain voltage, carry out the pressure release at last, the cooling, accomplish and become.
3. Voltage limiting formation method: the battery cell is charged with a certain current, then the battery cell is charged to a certain voltage and then is subjected to constant voltage, the current is reduced to 0.01C and is stopped, then the battery cell is charged with a certain current again and is subjected to constant voltage after the certain voltage, the current is reduced to 0.01C and is stopped, and formation is completed.
However, the above three methods have problems. For the negative pressure chemical synthesis method, the lithium battery needs to be vacuumized, the equipment investment cost is increased, the extracted gas is harmful to the environment, the environment is not protected, the environment-friendly treatment cost is high, and meanwhile, the voltage cut-off is not suitable for the battery cores of various material systems. For the hot-pressing formation method, the requirement on the limitation of the battery model is too high, and the battery is not suitable for an aluminum shell battery cell and a cylindrical battery cell. For the voltage limiting formation method, the requirement on the type limitation of the battery is too high, the voltage cut-off is not suitable for the electric cores of various material systems, and the formation time is too long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lithium battery and a formation method thereof, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a lithium battery formation method is constructed, and comprises the following steps:
charging the lithium battery to a first formation stage under a first charging condition; the first charging condition is: a first charging current; the first formation stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a first SOC;
standing for a first preset time period;
after standing for the first preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a second formation stage under a second charging condition; the second charging condition is: a second charging current; the second synthesis stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a second SOC;
standing for a second preset time period;
after standing for the second preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a third formation stage under a third charging condition; the third charging condition is: a third charging current; the third formation stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a third SOC;
standing for a third preset time period;
after standing for the third preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a fourth formation stage under a fourth charging condition; the fourth charging condition is: a fourth charging current; the fourth formation stage is as follows: and the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a fourth SOC.
In the lithium battery formation method of the present invention, the first charging condition is: a first charging current; the second charging condition is: a second charging current; the third charging condition is: a third charging current; the fourth charging condition is: a fourth charging current.
In the lithium battery formation method, the first charging current is 0.05-0.2C; the second charging current is: 0.1 to 0.3C; the third charging current is: 0.18 to 0.4 ℃; the fourth charging current is: 0.18 to 0.4C.
In the lithium battery formation method of the present invention, the first charging current is: 0.1 to 0.15C; the second charging current is: 0.15-0.25C; the third charging current is: 0.18 to 0.25 ℃; the fourth charging current is: 0.3-0.35C.
In the lithium battery formation method of the present invention, the first formation stage is: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a first SOC; the second synthesis stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a second SOC; the third formation stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a third SOC; the fourth formation stage is as follows: and the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a fourth SOC.
In the lithium battery formation method of the present invention, the first SOC is: 0.5 to 2.0 percent; the second SOC is: 5.0% -11.0%; the third SOC is: 12.0% -18.0%; the fourth SOC is: 20 to 40 percent.
In the lithium battery formation method of the present invention, the first SOC is: 1.0% -1.8%; the second SOC is: 7.0% -10.2%; the third SOC is: 14.0% -17.6%; the fourth SOC is: 28.0 to 32.0 percent.
In the lithium battery formation method of the present invention, the first preset time period is: 0.1min to 5.0 min; the second preset time period is as follows: 1.0min to 10.0 min; the third preset time period is as follows: 1.0min to 10.0 min.
In the lithium battery formation method of the present invention, the first preset time period is: 1 min; the second preset time period is as follows: 5 min; the third preset time period is as follows: and 5 min.
The invention also provides a lithium battery which is formed by adopting the lithium battery formation method.
The lithium battery and the formation method thereof have the following beneficial effects: the method comprises the following steps: charging the lithium battery to a first formation stage under a first charging condition; standing for a first preset time period; after standing for a first preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a second formation stage under a second charging condition; standing for a second preset time period; after standing for a second preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a third formation stage under a third charging condition; standing for a third preset time period; and after standing for a third preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a fourth formation stage under a fourth charging condition. The invention directly adopts current charging formation, does not need to carry out negative pressure vacuumizing, hot pressing or voltage limiting formation on the lithium battery, greatly reduces the formation cost, is suitable for various types of lithium batteries, and has short formation time, good formation effect and strong universality.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a lithium battery formation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 and fig. 3 are graphs of high and low temperature performance of a lithium battery after formation is completed by the lithium battery formation method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the cycle performance of a lithium battery after formation by the lithium battery formation method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a voltage-current time chart of a lithium battery after formation is completed by the lithium battery formation method provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 6 and 7 are graphs of high and low temperature performance of lithium batteries after formation by a voltage limiting formation process;
FIG. 8 is a graph of cycle performance of a lithium battery after formation is completed using a voltage limiting formation process;
fig. 9 is a voltage-current time chart of the lithium battery after the formation is completed by the voltage-limited formation method.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to solve the problems of the conventional lithium battery formation method, the invention provides the lithium battery formation method which is accurate and reliable in measurement, simple to operate and low in investment cost.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of an alternative embodiment of a lithium battery formation method provided by the present invention is shown.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the lithium battery formation method includes the following steps:
step S101, charging the lithium battery to a first formation stage under a first charging condition.
And S102, standing for a first preset time period.
And step S103, after the standing reaches the first preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a second formation stage under a second charging condition.
And step S104, standing for a second preset time period.
And step S105, after the standing reaches a second preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a third formation stage under a third charging condition.
And S106, standing for a third preset time period.
And S107, after the standing reaches a third preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a fourth formation stage under a fourth charging condition.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the lithium battery is formed, the lithium battery is charged under the first charging condition, and the first formation stage is reached. After the first formation stage is reached, standing for a first preset time period, then charging the lithium battery under a second charging condition, charging the lithium battery to a second formation stage, then standing for a second preset time period, after the second preset time period is stood, continuing to charge the lithium battery under a third charging condition, enabling the lithium battery to be charged to a third formation stage, continuing to stand for a third preset time period, after the third preset time period is stood, charging the lithium battery under a fourth charging condition, enabling the lithium battery to reach a fourth formation stage, and completing formation of the lithium battery when the lithium battery is charged to the fourth formation stage. By adopting the mode of charging for many times for formation, the formation control of the lithium battery is more accurate, and the performance consistency of the lithium battery is better.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the first charging condition is: a first charging current; the second charging condition is: a second charging current; the third charging condition is: a third charging current; the fourth charging condition is: a fourth charging current.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the first charging current is 0.05C to 0.2C; the second charging current is: 0.1 to 0.3C; the third charging current is: 0.18 to 0.4 ℃; the fourth charging current is: 0.18 to 0.4C.
Preferably, the first charging current is: 0.1 to 0.15C; the second charging current is: 0.15-0.25C; the third charging current is: 0.18 to 0.25 ℃; the fourth charging current is: 0.3-0.35C.
More specifically, in some embodiments, the first charging current may be 0.12C, the second charging current may be 0.14C, the third charging current may be 0.18C, and the fourth charging current may be 0.20C.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the first formation stage is: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a first SOC; the second synthesis stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a second SOC; the third formation stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a third SOC; the fourth formation stage is as follows: and the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a fourth SOC.
By adopting the specific current, the lithium battery is charged at different stages and is controlled by combining with the SOC, the problems caused by adopting a negative pressure formation method, a hot pressing formation method and a voltage limitation formation method can be avoided, the formation control process of the formation method is more accurate and reliable, and meanwhile, the consistency of the lithium battery can be improved.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the first SOC is: 0.5 to 2.0 percent; the second SOC is: 5.0% -11.0%; the third SOC is: 12.0% -18.0%; the fourth SOC is: 20 to 40 percent.
Preferably, the first SOC is: 1.0% -1.8%; the second SOC is: 7.0% -10.2%; the third SOC is: 14.0% -17.6%; the fourth SOC is: 28.0 to 32.0 percent.
More specifically, the first SOC may be 1.5%, the second SOC may be 9.0%, the third SOC may be 18%, and the fourth SOC may be 32%.
According to the lithium battery formation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the formation is controlled at a low SOC, so that the formation time can be greatly shortened, and the formation effect is good. Furthermore, the lithium battery formation method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be suitable for battery cores of various material systems, has no requirements on the types of batteries, and is good in universality, such as but not limited to aluminum shell battery cores, cylindrical battery cores and the like.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the first preset time period is: 0.1min to 5.0 min; the second preset time period is as follows: 1.0min to 10.0 min; the third preset time period is as follows: 1.0min to 10.0 min.
After charging is completed in each charging stage, the lithium battery is placed statically, so that the stability of the performance of the lithium battery can be ensured, and the consistency of the performance of the lithium battery is further improved.
Preferably, the first preset time period is: 1 min; the second preset time period is as follows: 5 min; the third preset time period is as follows: and 5 min.
The following description will be made of formation of a certain type of square aluminum-shell lithium iron phosphate battery.
The lithium battery formation method provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following formation steps:
firstly, selecting a XXX type which is normal and is not formed into a lithium battery;
secondly, charging the lithium battery by 0.12C current (current 3.0A), monitoring the SOC value in the charging process until the SOC value reaches 1.5 percent (capacity 0.375Ah), and stopping charging;
thirdly, standing for 1 min;
fourthly, after standing for 1min, charging the lithium battery with 0.14C current (current 3.5A), monitoring the SOC value in the charging process until the SOC value reaches 9.0 percent (2.25Ah), and stopping charging;
fifthly, standing for 5 min;
sixthly, after standing for 5min, continuing to charge the lithium battery with 0.18C current (current 4.5A), monitoring the SOC value in the charging process until the SOC value reaches 18 percent (capacity 4.5Ah), and stopping charging;
seventhly, standing for 5 min;
and step eight, after standing for 5min, continuously charging the lithium battery with 0.20C current (current 5.0A), monitoring the SOC value in the charging process until the SOC value reaches 32% (capacity 8.0Ah), and stopping charging.
And step nine, finishing formation of the XXX type lithium battery.
After the formation of the XXX type lithium battery is completed, the high-low temperature performance and the cycle performance of the XXX type lithium battery are monitored in the subsequent normal process. The high and low temperature performance is shown in fig. 2 and 3, the cycle performance is shown in fig. 4, and the voltage and current time is shown in fig. 5.
The XXX type lithium battery is specifically formed by a voltage limiting formation method and comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting XXX type lithium batteries which are not normally formed into lithium batteries;
secondly, charging the lithium ions to 3.280V at 0.05C (current 1.25A), and keeping 3.280 constant voltage until the current is reduced to 0.01C (time about 2 h);
thirdly, standing for 10 min;
fourthly, charging the lithium ions to 3.380V at 0.1C (current 2.5A), and keeping 3.380 constant voltage until the current is reduced to 0.01C (time is about 5 h);
and fifthly, completing formation of the XXX type lithium battery.
After the formation of the XXX type lithium battery is completed, the high-low temperature performance and the cycle performance of the XXX type lithium battery are monitored in the subsequent normal process. The high and low temperature performance is shown in fig. 6 and 7, the cycle performance is shown in fig. 8, and the voltage and current time is shown in fig. 9.
It can be clearly seen from the comparison that, compared with the conventional voltage-limited formation method, the formation time of the lithium battery formation method of the embodiment of the present invention is significantly shorter than that of the voltage-limited formation method, and the cycle performance of the lithium battery formed by the lithium battery formation method of the embodiment of the present invention is not affected, i.e., the cycle performance of the lithium battery is better.
Further, in other embodiments, the present invention also provides a lithium battery, which can be formed by using the lithium battery formation method disclosed in the present invention.
By adopting the lithium battery formation method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention to carry out formation, the formation time can be effectively shortened, the formation effect is good, the performance consistency of the lithium battery is good, and the stability is good.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A lithium battery formation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
charging the lithium battery to a first formation stage under a first charging condition; the first charging condition is: a first charging current; the first formation stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a first SOC;
standing for a first preset time period;
after standing for the first preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a second formation stage under a second charging condition; the second charging condition is: a second charging current; the second synthesis stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a second SOC;
standing for a second preset time period;
after standing for the second preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a third formation stage under a third charging condition; the third charging condition is: a third charging current; the third formation stage is as follows: the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a third SOC;
standing for a third preset time period;
after standing for the third preset time period, charging the lithium battery to a fourth formation stage under a fourth charging condition; the fourth charging condition is: a fourth charging current; the fourth formation stage is as follows: and the SOC value of the lithium battery reaches a fourth SOC.
2. The lithium battery formation method of claim 1, wherein the first charging current is 0.05C to 0.2C; the second charging current is: 0.1 to 0.3C; the third charging current is: 0.18 to 0.4 ℃; the fourth charging current is: 0.18 to 0.4C.
3. The lithium battery formation method of claim 1, wherein the first charging current is: 0.1 to 0.15C; the second charging current is: 0.15-0.25C; the third charging current is: 0.18 to 0.25 ℃; the fourth charging current is: 0.3-0.35C.
4. The lithium battery formation method of claim 1, wherein the first SOC is: 0.5 to 2.0 percent; the second SOC is: 5.0% -11.0%; the third SOC is: 12.0% -18.0%; the fourth SOC is: 20 to 40 percent.
5. The lithium battery formation method of claim 1, wherein the first SOC is: 1.0% -1.8%; the second SOC is: 7.0% -10.2%; the third SOC is: 14.0% -17.6%; the fourth SOC is: 28.0 to 32.0 percent.
6. The lithium battery formation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first preset time period is: 0.1min to 5.0 min; the second preset time period is as follows: 1.0min to 10.0 min; the third preset time period is as follows: 1.0min to 10.0 min.
7. The lithium battery formation method according to claim 6, wherein the first preset time period is: 1 min; the second preset time period is as follows: 5 min; the third preset time period is as follows: and 5 min.
8. A lithium battery characterized by being formed by the lithium battery formation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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CN107768723A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-03-06 | 中航锂电(江苏)有限公司 | A kind of compound method for lithium ion battery |
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CN110828924A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-21 | 深圳新恒业电池科技有限公司 | Quick charging method and device for battery, terminal and storage medium |
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