CN114386698B - Decentralized EV virtual aggregation frequency modulation system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a decentralized EV virtual aggregation frequency modulation system and method, which are an alliance chain infrastructure; the intelligent contract agent comprises an equipment layer, a data layer, a network layer, an intelligent contract layer, a consensus mechanism layer and an application layer in sequence. The dispatching center and the electric automobile upload corresponding data in the alliance chain network, and aggregation and intelligent contract optimization deployed in the alliance chain replace a traditional aggregator to perform virtual aggregation and distribution functions; the frequency modulation transaction flow comprises three stages of day-ahead transaction, real-time transaction and settlement in the future. The alliance link technology realizes anonymous chaining of the electric vehicle users and the charging pile owners, and the identities on the link are not hooked with the real identities, so that the entity privacy is protected, and the direct information interaction of a power grid, the electric vehicle and the charging pile is realized; the electric automobile user has the right of autonomously reporting the frequency modulation mileage price and the frequency modulation reserve capacity; the intelligent contract mechanism replaces the aggregation and signal distribution functions of the traditional aggregator, and frequency modulation benefits are completely distributed to electric vehicle users.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric automobiles, and particularly relates to a decentralized EV virtual aggregation frequency modulation system and method.
Background
The intermittency and the fluctuation of the power generation of the renewable energy sources and the orderliness of charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) have great influence on the stable operation of the current power system. The development of the V2G (Vehicle to Grid) technology enables the electric Vehicle to change from a pure load role to a source-load dual-attribute producer role, and although the battery capacity of a single electric Vehicle is small, the total spare capacity of a large-scale electric Vehicle is very considerable after aggregation of aggregators, and can reach above megawatt level. A great deal of simulation analysis has been carried out on the problems that an electric automobile aggregator participates in power grid frequency modulation, peak clipping and valley filling, renewable energy output absorption and the like, and the method has important research significance on how to effectively utilize energy storage resources of the electric automobile to stabilize power grid frequency fluctuation.
At present, most researches adopt a centralized management mode of an aggregator agent to perform scheduling optimization on the charging power of the electric automobile by taking part in power grid scheduling modeling of the electric automobile. The aggregator collects and stores the electricity consumption data of a large number of electric automobile users, so that the risk of data leakage exists, the problem of high resolving power requirement exists in large-scale centralized optimization, the real intention of the electric automobile users is difficult to reflect by the intention of the aggregator, and meanwhile, the electric automobile users often serve as price acceptors in the transaction process and do not have the capacity of active quotation. Some studies have utilized distributed optimization methods such as lagrangian relaxation, the principle of the auxiliary problem, the alternative direction multiplier method, etc. to decompose the optimization problem into multiple subproblem solutions, thereby reducing data exchange between the aggregator and the electric vehicle. In fact, the aggregator is used as an intermediate third party and cannot be used as a trusted third party to guarantee transactions, and a new technical solution is needed for solving the trust problem between the electric vehicle user and the power grid.
Generally speaking, for the problem that the electric automobile participates in frequency modulation transaction, a solution considering the willingness of the electric automobile user, decentralization and distribution is lacked.
At present, aiming at the problem that a single electric vehicle is small in capacity and cannot directly provide frequency modulation standby, the method is mainly realized by a traditional aggregator management mode. The specific form is as follows:
the electric automobile aggregator acquires electricity consumption data such as real-time charging power and maximum charging and discharging power of the electric automobile through the charging pile, so that the up-frequency-modulation reserve capacity and the down-frequency-modulation reserve capacity of each electric automobile are calculated, and the total reserve capacity of the aggregator is calculated through simple addition to participate in grid frequency modulation transactions.
The technology aggregators collect large-scale electric vehicle power consumption data in a centralized manner, and privacy data of electric vehicle users are easily leaked. And the electric automobile user can only be used as a price receiver and does not have the right to provide own quoted price and spare capacity. Information among the electric automobiles and the power grid cannot be intercommunicated and shared, and the aggregator can earn the difference from the power grid and the electric automobiles as a third party.
In addition, aiming at the problem of frequency modulation instruction distribution of the electric automobile, centralized optimization is mainly realized by means of aggregators. The specific form is as follows: and collecting all electric automobile power consumption data by a aggregator, taking the benefit of the maximum aggregator as a target function after receiving a power grid frequency modulation command, and solving through a centralized optimization model to obtain the charge and discharge power of all electric automobiles at each time period under the condition of meeting the constraints of the expected electric quantity of the electric automobiles, the maximum charge and discharge power limit and the like. The problem that the demand for solving power is high and the solving time is long when the centralized optimization is applied to the problem that a large-scale electric automobile participates in frequency modulation transaction. The aggregator needs to obtain certain benefits in the transaction, and not distribute all the frequency modulation benefits to the electric automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention addresses one of the shortcomings of the prior art with federation chain technology. The alliance chain technology is a distributed accounting technology essentially, the alliance chain has the characteristics of transparent disclosure, anonymity and decentralization, nodes in the same channel have equal positions, completely consistent distributed accounts are possessed, the distributed accounts cannot be tampered, and after a user uploads data to the chain, all information is consistent and transparent among all users. The power grid and the electric vehicle can directly carry out information interaction without coordination among aggregators, and a decentralized frequency modulation transaction architecture is realized.
Aiming at the second defect of the prior art, the invention utilizes an alternate direction multiplier method and an intelligent contract mechanism to solve the problem. The alternative direction multiplier method is a distributed optimization algorithm, decomposes an original optimization problem into a plurality of sub-optimization problems, and obtains an optimal solution through alternative iteration among different variables. Smart contracts are computer algorithms that are recognized by all nodes in the federation chain, allowing trusted transactions to be conducted without third parties, which transactions are traceable and irreversible, and the remaining nodes can verify the correctness of the transaction execution results. The intelligent contract based on the ADMM is designed to replace the original coordination function between the power grid and the electric vehicle of a aggregator, the intelligent contract is used as a virtual aggregation means, and frequency modulation benefits are completely distributed to electric vehicle users.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the invention is realized by a alliance chain technology and an alternate direction multiplier method.
A decentralized EV virtual aggregation frequency modulation system is an alliance chain infrastructure; the system comprises an equipment layer, a data layer, a network layer, an intelligent contract layer, a consensus mechanism layer and an application layer in sequence;
and the equipment layer represents entity equipment needing to participate in the alliance chain, and comprises a power grid dispatching center, an electric automobile and a charging pile.
The data layer is used for representing a database for storing a federation chain account book and historical transaction data;
and the network layer represents that the entity equipment is mapped to nodes in the alliance chain network and comprises scheduling nodes, electric automobile nodes, charging pile nodes and sequencing nodes, and data are transmitted among different nodes through a Gossip protocol.
Wherein:
and the dispatching node represents a power grid dispatching center and is responsible for extracting the aggregated frequency modulation spare capacity and frequency modulation mileage quotation of different electric automobile clusters from the alliance chain network, issuing the corresponding trading results of the winning frequency modulation capacity and the marginal clearing price of the frequency modulation market to the alliance chain network after the day-ahead pre-clearing is completed, issuing a frequency modulation signal and the marginal clearing price in a real-time trading stage, and completing the real-time power adjustment of the electric automobile clusters. The attributes contained in the account book comprise a scheduling node ID, a frequency modulation market capacity marginal price, a frequency modulation market mileage marginal price and a frequency modulation instruction.
And the electric automobile node represents an electric automobile user to participate in transaction in the alliance networking network, and uploads the self frequency modulation mileage quotation, the up-down frequency modulation standby capacity data and the down-down frequency modulation standby capacity data to the chain on the premise of considering self energy demand, effectiveness and participation desire. The attributes contained in the account book comprise an electric vehicle ID, an access charging pile ID, an upper frequency modulation standby capacity, a lower frequency modulation standby capacity, a frequency modulation mileage quotation, a frequency modulation mileage, an optimization iteration number, a convergence mark and a frequency modulation performance index
The charging pile node is used for representing a charging pile for accessing the charging service of the electric automobile, mainly recording the power change condition of every 1 minute during the access period of the electric automobile, and is used for verifying and settling the frequency modulation benefits of electric automobile users in the next day. The attributes contained in the account book include charging pile ID and actual variable power.
And the sequencing node is used as a node for packaging the transaction in the alliance chain network, does not participate in the transaction among the three nodes, only packages the transaction initiated among the three nodes into blocks and distributes the blocks to all organizations in the same channel.
And the intelligent contract layer represents intelligent contracts deployed in the alliance chain network, and comprises intelligent contracts for aggregating the intelligent contracts, optimizing the intelligent contracts, intelligent contracts for performance indexes, intelligent contracts for settlement and intelligent contracts for assisting in updating parameters.
And the aggregation intelligent contract is used for aggregating the frequency modulation mileage quotation, the up-modulation standby capacity and the down-modulation standby capacity of all the electric automobiles in the same cluster. Is represented as follows:
in the formula: n represents the number of electric vehicles contained in the electric vehicle cluster, i represents the serial number of the electric vehicles, and p i Indicating the FM performance index, C, of the ith electric vehicle i Indicating the FM reserve capacity, λ, of the ith electric vehicle m,i Showing the FM mileage quoted price of the ith electric vehicle, C AO 、λ AO Aggregate FM reserve capacity for individual electric vehicle clustersAnd aggregating the frequency-modulated mileage quoted prices.
And the optimization intelligent contract is used for performing distributed optimization on all electric vehicles in the same cluster to solve the frequency modulation mileage after the scheduling node issues the frequency modulation instruction. Is represented as follows:
the constraint conditions are as follows:
the convergence criterion is:
in the formula: m i And the ideal frequency modulation mileage of the ith electric automobile is shown. s represents the FM signal sent by the dispatching center to the electric automobile cluster, C AO Indicating the aggregate fm reserve capacity under the corresponding fm signal s. u is a dual variable corresponding to the equality constraint.
And the performance index intelligent contract is used for calculating the frequency modulation performance index of each electric automobile according to the actual adjustment power reported by the charging pile. Expressed as:
in the formula: t represents the number of frequency modulation signals received by the electric automobile cluster within 5 minutes, delta P i Representing the actual regulated power (uploaded by the charging post) of the ith electric vehicle, M i,t And the frequency modulation mileage assigned to the ith electric vehicle under the frequency modulation signal at the time t is represented.
And the settlement intelligent contract is used for settling the electric automobile profits according to the data such as the frequency modulation performance index of the electric automobile, the frequency modulation mileage, the marginal clearing price of the frequency modulation market and the like. Expressed as:
in the formula:
respectively representing the aggregate frequency modulation spare capacity and the aggregate frequency modulation mileage quotation, p, of the electric automobile cluster AO Indicating the FM Performance index of the electric vehicle Cluster, C up,i 、C down,i Respectively represents the up-modulation spare capacity and the down-modulation spare capacity of the ith electric automobile, Y m,i 、Y c,i Respectively representing the frequency modulation mileage income and the frequency modulation capacity income of the ith electric automobile.
And the consensus mechanism layer represents a consensus algorithm for keeping accounts of different nodes consistent. A random consensus algorithm is adopted in the alliance chain, and the content of transaction blocks obtained by all nodes in the chain from different sequencing nodes is guaranteed to be consistent.
And the application layer represents a functional module integrating the intelligent contract and the consensus algorithm so as to provide convenience for electric vehicle users, charging pile owners and power grid scheduling personnel to participate in the alliance chain frequency modulation transaction. Including but not limited to a data upload module, a capacity aggregation module, a quote aggregation module, a frequency modulation optimization module, etc.
By utilizing the system, the invention also provides a decentralized EV virtual aggregation frequency modulation method, which comprises the following steps: the dispatching center and the electric automobile upload corresponding data in the alliance chain network, and aggregation and intelligent contract optimization deployed in the alliance chain replace a traditional aggregator to perform virtual aggregation and distribution functions; the charging pile is only responsible for uploading actual power change data and does not participate in the frequency modulation process;
the frequency modulation transaction flow comprises three stages of day-ahead transaction, real-time transaction and settlement in the future. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) In the day-ahead trading stage, the electric automobile node uploads the frequency-modulated mileage quotation and the up-down frequency-modulated reserve capacity every 1 hour of the next day, and the scheduling node executes an aggregation intelligent contract to obtain the aggregated mileage quotation and the aggregated up-down reserve capacity of the electric automobile cluster, so that the frequency-modulated market clearing before the day is completed;
(2) In the real-time transaction stage, the electric automobile node corrects or updates the current-day frequency-modulation mileage quotation and the up-down frequency-modulation reserve capacity every 1 hour, the scheduling node issues a frequency-modulation signal every 1 minute, and an optimization intelligent contract is executed to obtain the frequency-modulation power of each electric automobile in the electric automobile cluster;
(3) And in a settlement stage in the future, the charging pile nodes upload the power change condition of every 1 minute in the previous day, and the electric automobile nodes execute the intelligent contract of the performance index to update the self frequency modulation performance index. And the electric vehicle node executes an intelligent settlement contract to obtain the previous day frequency modulation income.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The alliance chain technology can realize anonymous chaining of electric automobile users and charging pile owners, and the identity and the real identity are not hooked on the chain, so that entity privacy is protected, and direct information interaction between a power grid and electric automobiles and charging piles is realized.
2) The electric automobile user has the right of autonomously reporting the frequency modulation mileage price and the frequency modulation reserve capacity, and the intention of the user is reflected.
3) The intelligent contract mechanism can replace the aggregation and signal distribution functions of the traditional aggregator, replace the traditional aggregator management mode and completely distribute frequency modulation benefits to electric vehicle users.
4) The alternating direction multiplier method realizes the distributed optimization of the electric automobile and reduces the calculation force requirement of each node.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a federation chain infrastructure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a federation chain-based decentralized frequency modulation transaction system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a process of the alliance link fm transaction of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the attached drawings,
As shown in fig. 1, the decentralized EV virtual aggregation fm system is an alliance chain infrastructure; the system comprises an equipment layer, a data layer, a network layer, an intelligent contract layer, a consensus mechanism layer and an application layer in sequence;
and the equipment layer represents entity equipment needing to participate in the alliance chain, and comprises a power grid dispatching center, an electric automobile and a charging pile.
And the data layer represents databases for storing the alliance chain ledger and historical transaction data, and comprises databases such as a levelDB, a CouchDB and the like.
And the network layer is used for representing that the entity equipment is mapped to nodes in the alliance chain network and comprises a scheduling node, an electric automobile node, a charging pile node and a sequencing node, wherein the sequencing node does not participate in the transaction among the first three nodes, and is only responsible for packaging the transactions generated by the first three nodes and transmitting the transactions to the whole alliance chain network. And data are transmitted among different nodes through the Gossip protocol.
Wherein:
and the dispatching node represents a power grid dispatching center and is responsible for extracting the aggregated frequency modulation reserve capacity and the frequency modulation mileage quotation of different electric automobile clusters from the alliance chain network, releasing corresponding trading results of the winning frequency modulation capacity, the frequency modulation market marginal price and the like to the alliance chain network after the completion of the day-ahead pre-clearing, releasing frequency modulation signals and the marginal price in a real-time trading stage, and completing the real-time power adjustment of the electric automobile clusters. The attributes contained in the account book comprise a scheduling node ID, a frequency modulation market capacity marginal price, a frequency modulation market mileage marginal price and a frequency modulation instruction.
The electric automobile node represents an electric automobile user to participate in transaction in the alliance networking network, and uploads data such as self frequency modulation mileage quotation, up-down frequency modulation reserve capacity and the like to a chain on the premise of considering self energy demand, effectiveness and participation desire. The attributes contained in the account book comprise an electric vehicle ID, an access charging pile ID, an upper frequency modulation spare capacity, a lower frequency modulation spare capacity, a frequency modulation mileage quotation, a frequency modulation mileage, an optimization iteration number, a convergence mark and a frequency modulation performance index
The charging pile node is used for representing a charging pile for accessing the charging service of the electric automobile, mainly recording the power change condition of every 1 minute during the access period of the electric automobile, and is used for verifying and settling the frequency modulation benefits of electric automobile users in the next day. The attributes contained in the account book include charging pile ID and actual variable power.
And the sequencing node is used as a node for packaging the transaction in the alliance chain network, does not participate in the transaction among the three nodes, only packages the transaction initiated among the three nodes into a block and distributes the block to all organizations in the same channel.
And the intelligent contract layer is used for representing intelligent contracts deployed in the alliance chain network, and comprises intelligent contracts of aggregation, optimization, performance index intelligent contracts, settlement and auxiliary updating parameters.
And the aggregation intelligent contract is used for aggregating the frequency modulation mileage quotation, the up-modulation standby capacity and the down-modulation standby capacity of all the electric automobiles in the same cluster. Can be expressed as follows:
in the formula: n represents the number of electric vehicles contained in the electric vehicle cluster, i represents the serial number of the electric vehicles, and p i Indicates the frequency modulation performance index, C, of the ith electric vehicle i Indicates the FM reserve capacity (representing the up-FM reserve capacity or the down-FM reserve capacity) of the ith electric vehicle, lambda m,i Indicating the frequency modulated mileage quoted price for the ith electric vehicle, C AO 、λ AO And respectively representing the aggregate frequency modulation spare capacity and the aggregate frequency modulation mileage quotation of the electric automobile cluster.
And the optimized intelligent contract is used for performing distributed optimization on all electric vehicles in the same cluster to solve the frequency modulation mileage after the frequency modulation instruction is issued by the scheduling node. Can be expressed as follows:
the constraint conditions are as follows:
the convergence criterion is:
in the formula: m i And the ideal frequency modulation mileage of the ith electric automobile is represented. s represents the FM signal sent by the dispatching center to the electric automobile cluster, C AO Indicating the aggregate fm reserve capacity under the corresponding fm signal s. u is a dual variable corresponding to the equality constraint.
And the performance index intelligent contract is used for calculating the frequency modulation performance index of each electric automobile according to the actual adjustment power reported by the charging pile. Can be expressed as:
in the formula: t represents the number of frequency modulation signals received by the electric automobile cluster within 5 minutes, delta P i Representing the actual regulated power (uploaded by the charging post) of the ith electric vehicle, M i,t And the frequency-modulated mileage allocated to the ith electric vehicle under the frequency-modulated signal at the time t is represented.
And the settlement intelligent contract is used for settling the electric automobile profits according to the data such as the frequency modulation performance index of the electric automobile, the frequency modulation mileage, the marginal clearing price of the frequency modulation market and the like. Can be expressed as:
in the formula:
respectively representing aggregate FM reserve capacity and aggregate FM mileage quoted price, p, of electric vehicle clusters AO Indicating the FM Performance index of the electric vehicle Cluster, C up,i 、C down,i Respectively representing the up-frequency modulation reserve capacity and the down-frequency modulation reserve capacity of the ith electric automobile, Y m,i 、Y c,i Respectively representing the frequency modulation mileage income and the frequency modulation capacity income of the ith electric automobile.
And the consensus mechanism layer represents a consensus algorithm for keeping accounts of different nodes consistent. A Raft consensus algorithm is adopted in the alliance chain, and the content of transaction blocks obtained by all nodes in the chain from different sequencing nodes is guaranteed to be consistent.
And the application layer represents a functional module integrating intelligent contracts, consensus algorithms and the like so as to provide convenience for electric vehicle users, charging pile owners and power grid dispatching personnel to participate in alliance chain frequency modulation transactions. Including but not limited to a data upload module, a capacity aggregation module, a quote aggregation module, a frequency modulation optimization module, etc.
A decentralized fm transaction system implemented via a federation chain is shown in fig. 2. The dispatching center and the electric automobile upload corresponding data in the alliance chain network, and aggregation and intelligent contract optimization deployed in the alliance chain replace a traditional aggregator to perform virtual aggregation and distribution functions. The charging pile is only responsible for uploading actual power change data and does not participate in the frequency modulation process.
The frequency modulation transaction flow comprises three stages of day-ahead transaction, real-time transaction and settlement in the future. The specific flow is shown in fig. 3.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) And in the day-ahead trading stage, the electric vehicle node uploads the frequency modulation mileage quotation and the up-down frequency modulation standby capacity every 1 hour of the day, and the scheduling node executes an aggregation intelligent contract to obtain the aggregation mileage quotation and the aggregation up-down standby capacity of the electric vehicle cluster, so that the frequency modulation market is cleared in the day-ahead mode.
(2) In the real-time transaction stage, the electric automobile node corrects (updates) the current-day frequency modulation mileage quotation and the up-down frequency modulation reserve capacity every 1 hour, the scheduling node issues a frequency modulation signal every 1 minute, and an optimization intelligent contract is executed to obtain the frequency modulation power of each electric automobile in the electric automobile cluster.
(3) And in a settlement stage in the future, the charging pile nodes upload the power change condition of every 1 minute in the previous day, and the electric automobile nodes execute the intelligent contract of the performance index to update the self frequency modulation performance index. And the electric vehicle node executes an intelligent settlement contract to obtain the previous day frequency modulation income.
Claims (5)
1. The decentralized EV virtual aggregation frequency modulation system is characterized by being an alliance chain infrastructure; the system comprises an equipment layer, a data layer, a network layer, an intelligent contract layer, a consensus mechanism layer and an application layer in sequence;
the equipment layer represents entity equipment needing to participate in the alliance chain, and comprises a power grid dispatching center, an electric automobile and a charging pile;
the data layer is used for representing a database for storing a federation chain account book and historical transaction data;
the network layer is used for representing that the entity equipment is mapped to nodes in the alliance chain network and comprises scheduling nodes, electric automobile nodes, charging pile nodes and sequencing nodes, and data are transmitted among different nodes through a Gossip protocol;
the intelligent contract layer is used for expressing intelligent contracts deployed in the alliance chain network and comprises intelligent contracts of aggregation, intelligent contracts optimization, intelligent contracts of performance indexes, intelligent contracts settlement and auxiliary updating parameters;
the consensus mechanism layer is used for expressing a consensus algorithm for keeping accounts of different nodes consistent;
the application layer represents a functional module integrating intelligent contracts and consensus algorithms so as to enable electric vehicle users, charging pile owners and power grid dispatching personnel to conveniently participate in alliance chain frequency modulation transactions;
in the network layer:
the dispatching node represents a power grid dispatching center and is responsible for extracting aggregated frequency modulation spare capacity and frequency modulation mileage quotation of different electric automobile clusters from the alliance chain network, issuing corresponding trading results of the medium-winning frequency modulation capacity and the marginal clearing price of the frequency modulation market to the alliance chain network after the day-ahead pre-clearing is completed, issuing frequency modulation signals and the marginal clearing price at a real-time trading stage, and completing real-time power adjustment of the electric automobile clusters; the attributes contained in the account book comprise a scheduling node ID, a frequency modulation market capacity marginal clearing price, a frequency modulation market mileage marginal clearing price and a frequency modulation instruction;
the electric automobile nodes represent electric automobile users to participate in transactions in the alliance networking network, and upload frequency modulation mileage quotations, up-modulation reserve capacity data and down-modulation reserve capacity data to the chain on the premise of considering self energy requirements, effectiveness and participation wishes; the attributes contained in the account book comprise an electric vehicle ID, an access charging pile ID, an upper frequency modulation standby capacity, a lower frequency modulation standby capacity, a frequency modulation mileage quotation, a frequency modulation mileage, an optimization iteration number, a convergence mark and a frequency modulation performance index;
the charging pile node is used for representing a charging pile for accessing the charging service of the electric automobile, mainly recording the power change condition of every 1 minute during the access period of the electric automobile, and verifying and settling the frequency modulation income of the electric automobile users on the next day; the attributes contained in the account book comprise charging pile ID and actual variable power;
the sequencing nodes are used as nodes for packaging transactions in the alliance chain network, do not participate in the transactions among the three nodes, only package the transactions initiated among the three nodes into blocks and distribute the blocks to all organizations in the same channel;
the intelligent contract layer comprises:
the aggregation intelligent contract is used for aggregating the frequency modulation mileage quotation, the up-down frequency modulation standby capacity and the down-up frequency modulation standby capacity of all the electric vehicles in the same cluster; is represented as follows:
in the formula: n represents the number of electric vehicles contained in the electric vehicle cluster, i represents the serial number of the electric vehicles, and p i Indicating the FM performance index, C, of the ith electric vehicle i Indicating the FM reserve capacity, λ, of the ith electric vehicle m,i Indicating the frequency modulated mileage quoted price for the ith electric vehicle, C AO 、
Respectively representing the aggregate frequency modulation spare capacity and the aggregate frequency modulation mileage quotation of the electric automobile cluster;
the intelligent contract is optimized and used for solving the frequency modulation mileage through distributed optimization of all electric vehicles in the same cluster after the frequency modulation instruction is issued by the scheduling node; is represented as follows:
the constraint conditions are as follows:
the convergence criterion is:
in the formula: m i Expressing the ideal frequency modulation mileage of the ith electric automobile; s represents a frequency modulation signal sent by the dispatching center to the electric automobile cluster,
representing the aggregate frequency modulation spare capacity under the corresponding frequency modulation signal s;
the performance index intelligent contract is used for calculating the frequency modulation performance index of each electric automobile according to the actual adjustment power reported by the charging pile; expressed as:
in the formula: t represents the number of frequency modulation signals received by the electric automobile cluster within 5 minutes, delta P i,t The actual adjustment power of the ith electric automobile under the frequency modulation signal at the time t is uploaded by a charging pile, M i,t Indicating the frequency modulation mileage distributed to the ith electric vehicle under the frequency modulation signal at the time t;
the settlement intelligent contract is used for settling the electric automobile profit according to the electric automobile frequency modulation performance index, the frequency modulation mileage and the marginal clearing price data of the frequency modulation market; expressed as:
Y m,i ＝λ M p i M i
in the formula:
respectively representing the aggregate frequency modulation spare capacity and the aggregate frequency modulation mileage quotation, p, of the electric automobile cluster AO Frequency modulation for representing electric vehicle clusterPerformance index, C up,i 、C down,i Respectively represents the up-modulation spare capacity and the down-modulation spare capacity of the ith electric automobile, Y m,i 、Y c,i Respectively representing the frequency modulation mileage income and the frequency modulation capacity income of the ith electric automobile.
2. The decentralized EV virtual aggregation fm system according to claim 1, wherein a Raft consensus algorithm is employed in the consensus mechanism layer.
3. The decentralized EV virtual aggregation fm system according to claim 1, wherein the application layer includes a data upload module, a capacity aggregation module, a quote aggregation module, and a fm optimization module.
4. A method for frequency modulation of decentralized EV virtual aggregation, characterized in that the use of a decentralized EV virtual aggregation frequency modulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises the following steps: the dispatching center and the electric automobile upload corresponding data in the alliance chain network, and aggregation and intelligent contract optimization deployed in the alliance chain replace a traditional aggregator to perform virtual aggregation and distribution functions; the charging pile is only responsible for uploading actual power change data and does not participate in the frequency modulation process;
the frequency modulation transaction flow comprises three stages of day-ahead transaction, real-time transaction and settlement in the future.
5. The decentralized EV virtual aggregation frequency modulation method according to claim 4, wherein the frequency modulation transaction process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) In the day-ahead trading stage, the electric automobile node uploads the frequency-modulated mileage quotation and the up-down frequency-modulated reserve capacity every 1 hour of the next day, and the scheduling node executes an aggregation intelligent contract to obtain the aggregated mileage quotation and the aggregated up-down reserve capacity of the electric automobile cluster, so that the frequency-modulated market clearing before the day is completed;
(2) In the real-time transaction stage, the electric vehicle node corrects or updates the current-day frequency-modulated mileage quotation and the up-down frequency-modulated reserve capacity every 1 hour, the scheduling node issues a frequency-modulated signal every 1 minute, and an optimized intelligent contract is executed to obtain the frequency-modulated power of each electric vehicle in the electric vehicle cluster;
(3) In a settlement stage in the future, the charging pile nodes upload power change conditions of every 1 minute in the previous day, and the electric vehicle nodes execute performance index intelligent contracts to update self frequency modulation performance indexes; and the electric vehicle node executes an intelligent settlement contract to obtain the previous day frequency modulation income.
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