CN113554511B - Active power distribution network power transaction method based on blockchain and particle swarm optimization - Google Patents

Active power distribution network power transaction method based on blockchain and particle swarm optimization Download PDF

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CN113554511B
CN113554511B CN202110699042.9A CN202110699042A CN113554511B CN 113554511 B CN113554511 B CN 113554511B CN 202110699042 A CN202110699042 A CN 202110699042A CN 113554511 B CN113554511 B CN 113554511B
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曾飞
卫志农
孙国强
臧海祥
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Abstract

The invention discloses an active power distribution network power transaction method based on block chain and particle swarm optimization, which comprises the steps of storing transaction information in a block mode, constructing an energy request mechanism according to transaction demands of supply and demand parties in an active power distribution network, wherein the energy request mechanism comprises a storage sensing request and a cost sensing request, the storage sensing request is used for ensuring that the storage limit of a user is not exceeded, and the cost sensing request enables the electricity purchasing cost of the user to be the lowest; and according to two factors of cost and storage, performing multi-objective optimal search by utilizing a particle swarm algorithm to obtain an optimal power transaction scheme. The invention can realize safe and efficient electric power transaction, and can improve the utilization rate of renewable energy sources while reducing the electricity purchasing cost of users.

Description

Active power distribution network power transaction method based on blockchain and particle swarm optimization
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power distribution network scheduling method, in particular to an active power distribution network power trading method based on blockchain and particle swarm optimization.
Background
With the wide production and application of new energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind power and biomass energy, the new energy sources are being connected into a power distribution network in the form of a micro-grid, the permeability is high, a large amount of scattered new energy sources are connected into the power distribution network as energy supply parties to form an active power distribution network (ADN), and the ADN is a public power distribution network with a flexible topological structure by adopting an active management distributed power source, energy storage equipment and a client bidirectional load mode. In ADN, an efficient and reliable energy transaction and management mechanism is urgently needed to increase the utilization of distributed energy. The current electric power transaction is mostly carried out in a centralized transaction center and is conducted by a qualified organization, so that the safety and reliability of the electric power transaction are ensured to a certain extent, but the centralized transaction center has the problems of transaction congestion and the like, and further optimization is needed.
In recent years, there have been a lot of research results about solving the energy trading problem in ADN system, such as multiple micro-grid electric energy trading nash bargaining method, double-layer distributed electric power trading system based on electric power data sharing, etc., although safe and reliable electric power trading can be realized, the randomness of new energy output is not considered, and as a lot of random electric power is connected into ADN system, the permeability of uncertainty factor is larger and larger, and the above existing method cannot meet the requirement of optimizing and matching electric power trading and ensure safe and efficient trading process.
The blockchain is used as an emerging transaction mode, in the transaction process, a modern cryptography algorithm is adopted for information encryption, so that the completeness of data is ensured, the data is not tampered privately, and the problems of more transaction subjects and lower security in ADN can be well overcome by utilizing the characteristic of the blockchain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a transaction method capable of guaranteeing the safety of a plurality of transaction subjects in a power distribution network.
The technical scheme is as follows: the active power distribution network power transaction method based on blockchain and particle swarm optimization comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a blockchain of ADN power transaction, wherein transaction nodes in the blockchain comprise a supplier and a requester, and the surplus energy generated by the supplier uses the blockchain to conduct power transaction; transaction information is stored in transaction nodes in a block mode, and all the transaction nodes monitor block chain information of an ADN communication network at all times;
(2) The requester with the electric power transaction requirement encrypts the electric power transaction requirement data generated by a hash algorithm by using a private key of the requester, sends the electric power transaction requirement data into a blockchain, and broadcasts blockchain information containing the electric power transaction requirement to all transaction nodes in the ADN through an ADN communication network;
(3) Each supplier receives the blockchain information comprising the latest transaction intention, decrypts the encrypted hash data by combining with the public key of the node which publishes the transaction requirement, and compares the encrypted hash data with the hash value of the received transaction requirement to judge whether the content of the blockchain is the real power transaction requirement of the publishing node;
(4) The transaction node judges whether the transaction node can internally meet the power transaction requirement or not, if so, the transaction node is regarded as having self-sufficient capability and does not request energy from other nodes; if the request cannot be met, requesting additional energy from other nodes in the AND, solving an optimal power transaction scheme by using a particle swarm algorithm according to an energy request mechanism AND request cost, AND if the request is met, each node receiving the power transaction intention or negotiating with a publisher on the basis of the power transaction intention to propose a new power transaction intention AND encrypting blockchain information of the published transaction intention by using a private key of the node; if the condition is not satisfied, ignoring the transaction;
(5) And recording the whole power transaction completion process by using a blockchain mode by the power transaction supply and demand parties which preliminarily reach the power transaction intention.
By E l Representing the upper limit of the energy storage capacity of each group of transaction nodes, using decision variables in the step (4)
Figure BDA0003129015750000027
States that express transaction node ids in the blockchain network map to power generation (0) or request (1) within time interval T e T:
Figure BDA0003129015750000021
the available energy storage E in one power generation cycle s The change is as follows:
Figure BDA0003129015750000022
wherein,,
Figure BDA0003129015750000023
indicating that the trading node may produce a power generation rate G r If the additional energy does not exceed the storage limit E l It is added to the energy storage unit E s If not, the storage unit is filled;
when the decision variable is
Figure BDA0003129015750000024
The request is randomly generated;
if the internal memory E l If the random request of the W storage unit cannot be satisfied, the network request of the remaining storage units needs to be sent through the network, which is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0003129015750000025
Figure BDA0003129015750000026
in the transaction process, the energy request is randomly initiated by the transaction node, and if the transaction node can internally meet the requirements, the transaction node can be regarded as having self-sufficient capability; if the current energy storage is unable to meet the energy demand, the transaction node requests additional energy from the ADN, wherein the energy request mechanism includes cost-aware and storage-aware requests.
The cost-aware request scheme allows a transaction node to request an energy supply from the nearest available transaction node in the network, the transaction node attempting to increase the amount of energy generated for its storage unit, reply to the energy request using its internal storage, if unsuccessful, will deplete its current storage, and acquire the remaining energy from the network of neighboring transaction nodes.
The storage aware request scheme sends an energy request to a transaction node that is close to its storage and locates a storage unit on the ADN with sufficient energy storage to ensure that the energy generated is fully utilized and places the request in a task waiting list for verification by other transaction nodes.
Assuming that the distance matrix Dis is the distance between the storage unit and the transaction nodes for acquiring the cost of the request, a relatively small transmission cost C per unit distance based on the distance between the transaction nodes t N energies added to the base charge from transaction node e to transaction node fThe request cost of units C is calculated as:
C＝C b (n)+C t (Dis[e][f])
wherein C is b Is the basic cost. In the process of electric power transaction, the electricity price is basic cost, and the power transmission and distribution cost is transmission cost.
In the step (4), the particle swarm multi-target search algorithm is used for optimizing the power transaction scheme in the real-time electricity price transaction process of the power transaction node, and when n types of power suppliers compete with the transaction of electricity purchasing of users, the particle swarm multi-target search algorithm is used for establishing a mathematical model of the transaction process as follows:
Figure BDA0003129015750000031
Figure BDA0003129015750000032
wherein, psi is e Trading the electricity price of the power plant for energy; e (E) m The electric quantity limit value of the release transaction is met for the energy transaction power plant;
Figure BDA0003129015750000033
the power transmission and distribution cost is; m represents the selected power plant, and X is the constrained average price of electricity for the scheme selection.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the safety of electric power transaction in the ADN with a plurality of transaction subjects can be ensured, a third party is not required to be relied on in the transaction process, and compared with a centralized transaction mode, the electric power transaction system has the advantages of high efficiency and low energy consumption; the power transaction optimization model is built through the particle swarm optimization, multi-objective searching is carried out, and the finally obtained power transaction scheme can increase the consumption of new energy, reduce the waste wind and the waste light, improve the utilization rate of the new energy and facilitate energy conservation while guaranteeing the minimum electricity purchasing cost of users.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an overall architecture diagram of an ADN system;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a cost-aware request;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a store aware request.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an active power distribution network power trading method based on blockchain AND particle swarm optimization, which is used for power trading in an AND area, wherein each trading node in the AND area is associated with new energy sources such as solar energy, water energy or wind energy power generation, AND the like, AND the characteristics of decentric of blockchains are utilized to design a blockchain structure of ADN power trading, so that trading information is stored in a blockwise manner; in order to reasonably process energy requests among transaction nodes, an energy request mechanism is constructed according to the transaction demands of users and power suppliers in the ADN; in the energy request mechanism, storing a perception request to ensure that the storage limit of a user is not exceeded, wherein the cost perception request enables the electricity purchasing cost of the user to be minimum; and according to two factors of cost and storage, performing multi-objective optimal search by utilizing a particle swarm algorithm to obtain an optimal power transaction scheme. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a blockchain of an ADN power transaction, the transaction node including a supplier and a requester, the supplier providing energy to the requester; transaction information is stored in transaction nodes in a block mode, and all the transaction nodes monitor block chain information of an ADN communication network at all times; the excess energy generated by the supplier uses the blockchain to conduct electric power transaction;
(2) The requester with the electric power transaction requirement encrypts the electric power transaction requirement data generated by a hash algorithm by using a private key of the requester, sends the electric power transaction requirement data into a blockchain, and broadcasts blockchain information containing the electric power transaction requirement to all transaction nodes in the ADN through an ADN communication network;
(3) Each supplier receives the blockchain information comprising the latest transaction intention, decrypts the encrypted hash data by combining with the public key of the node which publishes the transaction requirement, and compares the encrypted hash data with the hash value of the received transaction requirement to judge whether the content of the blockchain is the real power transaction requirement of the publishing node;
(4) The transaction node judges whether the transaction node can internally meet the power transaction requirement or not, if so, the transaction node is regarded as having self-sufficient capability and does not request energy from other nodes; if the power transaction intention cannot be met, other nodes in the AND are requested for additional energy, an optimal power transaction scheme is obtained by utilizing a particle swarm algorithm in combination with an energy request mechanism AND request cost, each node receives the power transaction intention if the power transaction intention meets the conditions, or negotiates with a publisher on the basis of the power transaction intention to provide a new power transaction intention, AND the blockchain information of the published transaction intention is encrypted by using a private key of the node; if the condition is not satisfied, ignoring the transaction;
(5) And recording the whole power transaction completion process by using a blockchain mode by the power transaction supply and demand parties which preliminarily reach the power transaction intention.
In the AND system, each set of transaction nodes is assumed to have associated therewith a payable surplus energy AND energy storage capacity, the upper energy storage limit being E l The available energy is stored as E s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The excess energy generated by the transaction node is used for reliable power transaction by using the blockchain, and the transaction node has different energy requirements in a period of time.
Defining a decision variable
Figure BDA0003129015750000041
The states of transaction node ids used in blockchain networks mapped to power generation (0) or request (1) within time interval T e T are expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0003129015750000051
the available energy storage E in one power generation cycle s The change is as follows:
Figure BDA0003129015750000052
wherein,,
Figure BDA0003129015750000053
indicating that the generation rate G is equal to r Is a function of the energy of the (c). If the additional energy does not exceed the storage limit E l It is added to the energy storage unit E s Is a kind of medium. Otherwise, the memory cell will fill up. When the decision variable is +.>
Figure BDA0003129015750000054
The request is randomly generated.
If the internal memory E l If the random request of the W storage unit cannot be satisfied, the network request of the remaining storage units needs to be sent through the network, which is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0003129015750000055
Figure BDA0003129015750000056
and for the power supplier in the transaction chain, under the restriction of price and transaction priority, the optimal electricity selling scheme is realized through the multi-choice electricity selling scheme in the intelligent contract, so that the reliability of the transaction is ensured.
Assuming that the distance matrix Dis is the distance between the storage unit and the transaction nodes for acquiring the cost of the request, a relatively small transmission cost C per unit distance based on the distance between the transaction nodes t The request cost C for n energy units added to the base charge from transaction node e to transaction node f is calculated as follows:
C＝C b (n)+C t (Dis[e][f])
wherein C is b Is the basic cost. In the process of electric power transaction, the electricity price is basic cost, and the power transmission and distribution cost is transmission cost.
The energy request mechanism in step (4) includes a cost-aware request and a store-aware request; cost-aware request schemes allow transaction nodes to slaveThe most recent available transaction node in the network requests energy supply, the transaction node attempts to increase the amount of energy generated for its storage unit, replies the energy request with its internal storage, if unsuccessful, will deplete its current storage and obtain the remaining energy from the network of neighboring transaction nodes; the cost-aware request flow is shown in fig. 3, which examines the nearest transaction node in the ADN that can provide energy to the requester until the energy demand can be met. Each iteration collects the most recent grant transaction node N whose energy storage is not empty C Detailed information of (3). If N C And if the energy requirement can be met, W takes the value of R. Otherwise, the available energy at the transaction Node is exhausted, thus Node [ N ] is taken C ][1]Is a value of (2). The request is placed on a task waiting list for selection by other transaction nodes on the ADN.
The storage awareness request scheme sends an energy request to a transaction node near its storage and locates a storage unit with sufficient energy storage on the ADN to ensure that the energy generated is fully utilized, while placing the request in a task waiting list for verification by other transaction nodes; the storage aware request flow is shown in fig. 4, where first, an energy request is sent to a transaction node near its storage and a storage unit with sufficient energy storage is located on the ADN. The request is then placed in a task waiting list for verification by other transaction nodes.
Based on two energy source request mechanisms of a cost sensing request and a storage sensing request and request cost, in the real-time electricity price transaction process of an electric power transaction node, carrying out optimal search on an electric power transaction scheme through a particle swarm multi-objective search algorithm, wherein the optimal search comprises screening non-inferior solutions and updating a non-inferior solution set, and the electric power transaction scheme is different in power transmission and distribution cost due to the fact that 5 types of electric power suppliers (thermal power generation, photovoltaic power generation, hydroelectric power generation, wind power generation and nuclear power generation) participate in transaction competition of electricity purchasing of users; establishing a mathematical model of the transaction process according to a particle swarm multi-target search algorithm, wherein psi represents the online electricity price of each energy power plant, and E represents the fullness of each energy power plantThe electric quantity limit value of the foot release transaction
Figure BDA0003129015750000061
Representing the average power transmission and distribution cost of each energy power plant, and establishing psi, E and +.>
Figure BDA0003129015750000062
The functional relationship between the three variables is as follows:
Figure BDA0003129015750000063
Figure BDA0003129015750000064
wherein, psi is e Trading the electricity price of the power plant for energy; e (E) m The electric quantity limit value of the release transaction is met for the energy transaction power plant;
Figure BDA0003129015750000065
the power transmission and distribution cost is; m represents the selected power plant, and the constraint average electricity price of scheme selection is 0.5 yuan/(kW.h). Based on the model, one particle is selected at first as an optimal solution of the group, and the power transaction scheme is optimized in the real-time electricity price transaction process of the power transaction node through a particle swarm multi-target search algorithm.

Claims (1)

1. The active power distribution network power trading method based on blockchain and particle swarm optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Establishing a blockchain of ADN power transaction, wherein transaction nodes in the blockchain comprise a supplier and a requester, and the surplus energy generated by the supplier uses the blockchain to conduct power transaction; transaction information is stored in transaction nodes in a block mode, and all the transaction nodes monitor block chain information of an ADN communication network at all times;
(2) The requester with the electric power transaction requirement encrypts the electric power transaction requirement data generated by a hash algorithm by using a private key of the requester, sends the electric power transaction requirement data into a blockchain, and broadcasts blockchain information containing the electric power transaction requirement to all transaction nodes in the ADN through an ADN communication network;
(3) Each supplier receives the blockchain information comprising the latest power transaction intention, decrypts the encrypted hash data by combining the public key of the node which publishes the transaction requirement, and compares the encrypted hash data with the hash value of the received transaction requirement to judge whether the content of the blockchain is the real power transaction requirement of the publishing node;
(4) The transaction node judges whether the transaction node can internally meet the power transaction requirement or not, if so, the transaction node is regarded as having self-sufficient capability and does not request energy from other nodes; if the request cannot be met, requesting additional energy from other nodes in the AND, solving an optimal power transaction scheme by using a particle swarm algorithm according to an energy request mechanism AND request cost, AND if the request is met, each node receiving the power transaction intention or negotiating with a publisher on the basis of the power transaction intention to propose a new power transaction intention AND encrypting blockchain information of the published transaction intention by using a private key of the node; if the condition is not satisfied, ignoring the transaction;
in particular, by E l Representing the upper limit of the energy storage capacity of each group of transaction nodes by using decision variables
Figure QLYQS_1
States that express transaction node ids in the blockchain network map to power generation (0) or request (1) within time interval T e T:
Figure QLYQS_2
the available energy storage E in one power generation cycle s The change is as follows:
Figure QLYQS_3
wherein,,
Figure QLYQS_4
indicating that the trading node may produce a power generation rate G r If the additional energy does not exceed the storage limit E l It is added to the energy storage unit E s If not, the storage unit is filled;
when the decision variable is
Figure QLYQS_5
The request is randomly generated;
if the internal memory E l If the random request of the W storage unit cannot be satisfied, the network request of the remaining storage units needs to be sent through the network, which is expressed as follows:
Figure QLYQS_6
Figure QLYQS_7
in the transaction process, the energy request is randomly initiated by the transaction node, and if the transaction node can internally meet the requirements, the transaction node can be regarded as having self-sufficient capability; if the current energy storage cannot meet the energy demand, the transaction node requests additional energy from the ADN, wherein the energy request mechanism comprises a cost sensing and storage sensing request;
the cost-aware request mechanism allows a transaction node to request energy supply from the nearest available transaction node in the network, the transaction node attempting to increase the amount of energy generated for its storage unit, reply to the energy request using its internal storage, if unsuccessful, will deplete its current storage, and acquire the remaining energy from the network of neighboring transaction nodes;
the storage aware request mechanism sends an energy request to a transaction node near its storage and locates a storage unit with sufficient energy storage on the ADN to ensure that the energy generated is fully utilized and places the request in a task waiting list for verification by other transaction nodes;
assuming that the distance matrix Dis is the distance between the storage unit and the transaction nodes for acquiring the cost of the request, a relatively small transmission cost C per unit distance based on the distance between the transaction nodes t The request cost C for n energy units added to the base charge from transaction node e to transaction node f is calculated as follows:
C＝C b (n)+C t (Dis[e][f])
wherein C is b Is the basic cost;
through a particle swarm multi-target search algorithm, optimizing a power transaction scheme in a real-time electricity price transaction process of a power transaction node, and when n types of power suppliers compete with a transaction of purchasing electricity by a user, establishing a mathematical model of the transaction process by using the particle swarm multi-target search algorithm as follows:
Figure QLYQS_8
Figure QLYQS_9
wherein, psi is e Trading the electricity price of the power plant for energy; e (E) m The electric quantity limit value of the release transaction is met for the energy transaction power plant;
Figure QLYQS_10
the power transmission and distribution cost is; m represents the selected power plant, and X is the constraint average electricity price selected by the scheme;
(5) And recording the whole power transaction completion process by using a blockchain mode by the power transaction supply and demand parties which preliminarily reach the power transaction intention.
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CN112636327A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-04-09 宁波大学 Block chain transaction and energy storage system based solution
CN112785429A (en) * 2021-01-08 2021-05-11 西北工业大学 Local area multi-microgrid power transaction pairing method based on block chain technology

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