CN114382561B - Integrated CO 2 Compressed air energy storage power generation system of heat pump and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Integrated CO 2 Compressed air energy storage power generation system of heat pump and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114382561B CN114382561B CN202210022671.2A CN202210022671A CN114382561B CN 114382561 B CN114382561 B CN 114382561B CN 202210022671 A CN202210022671 A CN 202210022671A CN 114382561 B CN114382561 B CN 114382561B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/006—Auxiliaries or details not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated CO 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump and the operation method thereof comprise a double-tank type near isothermal compressed air energy storage unit and CO 2 A heat pump unit and an expansion generator set; the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit is used for compressing air near-isothermal and storing internal energy; CO 2 2 The heat pump unit is used for efficiently collecting heat and using the heat for heating compressed air, so that the work capacity of the compressed air and the energy storage density of the whole system are improved; the expansion generator set is used for generating power by expanding high-temperature and high-pressure air; based on the principle of double-tank type near-isothermal water pumping and air compression, the invention utilizes the advantages of high heat pump efficiency and strong heat collection capacity to use the working medium CO of the heat pump before compressed air enters the expansion generator set for expansion power generation 2 The heat absorbed from the atmospheric environment is used for heating, one unit of electric energy can generate heat with the same multiple as the circulation efficiency of the heat pump, and the problem that the energy storage density of isothermal compressed air is insufficient under the same air storage condition is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of physical energy storage, and particularly relates to integrated CO 2 A compressed air energy storage power generation system of a heat pump and an operation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid increase of the total loading capacity of new energy, the main problems of large-scale utilization of the new energy are solved by solving the problems of instability, intermittence and the like in the new energy power generation process, and energy storage is one of the main solutions. Energy storage is the storage of energy through a medium that releases the energy when needed. Compressed air energy storage and pumped storage are generally recognized as systems suitable for hundreds of megawatts high-power and high-capacity energy storage, although the pumped storage power station has high efficiency, the investment in the early stage of building a large pumped storage power station is huge, the construction period is long, the requirements on the built geographic position are very strict, the site selection is difficult, and even vegetation and cities can be submerged; compared with pumped storage, compressed air storage is more flexible in site selection, and investment is lower than that of pumped storage. In recent years, with the knowledge and research on compressed air energy storage technology, a plurality of large compressed air energy storage power stations have been built.
Compressed air energy storage can be technically divided into non-adiabatic, adiabatic and isothermal. The traditional compressed air energy storage type is a non-adiabatic compressed air energy storage system with fuel combustion, the main components comprise a multi-stage compressor, an air storage device, a combustion chamber and a multi-stage turbo expander, when electricity is used in the valley, redundant valley electricity is used for driving a motor, the multi-stage compressor is driven by a coupler to compress air, and the generated high-pressure air is stored in the air storage device; and at the peak of power utilization, high-pressure air is released from the air storage device, is mixed with fuel in the combustion chamber and then is combusted, and finally enters the multistage turboexpander to do work and generate power to be connected to a power grid.
The adiabatic compressed air energy storage refers to that on the basis of a traditional compressed air energy storage system heated by fuel, a combustion chamber and fuel heating are cancelled, a heat storage device and a heat exchanger are added, when air is compressed in an energy storage stage, the heat exchanger is arranged at the stage of a compressor or after the stage of the compressor, and a cold heat storage medium flowing in the heat exchanger absorbs compression heat generated in the compression process of the air and stores the heat in the heat storage device; in the energy releasing process, before the gas enters the expansion machine to do work, a heat exchanger is arranged in front of or between stages, and the high-pressure air is heated by a heat storage medium flowing in the heat exchanger so as to utilize the compression heat.
Compared with adiabatic compressed air energy storage, isothermal compressed air energy storage has high compression efficiency, does not need heat storage equipment, saves a large amount of equipment purchasing cost, and avoids heat transfer loss of a heat exchanger and heat dissipation of the heat storage equipment in the heat storage process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low energy storage density of a near-isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an efficient near-isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system and an operation method thereof 2 The integration of the heat pump unit not only effectively improves the work capacity and the system efficiency of the compressed air of the near-isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system, but also solves the key problem of low energy storage density of the near-isothermal compressed air system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: integrated CO 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump comprises a double-tank type near isothermal compressed air energy storage unit and CO 2 A heat pump unit and an expansion generator set; the expansion generator set comprises a high-pressure expander and a low-pressure expander, and the high-pressure expander and the low-pressure expander are connected with the generator; CO 2 2 The heat pump unit comprises a gas compressor, an evaporator, a first condenser and a second condenser which are connected in parallel; the outlets of the hot sides of the first condenser and the second condenser are sequentially communicated with the inlets of the evaporator and the compressor; the cold side inlet of the first condenser is communicated with the outlet of the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit, the cold side outlet of the first condenser is sequentially communicated with the cold side inlets of the high-pressure expander and the second condenser, the cold side outlet of the second condenser is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure expander, and the outlet of the low-pressure expander is communicated with a heat exchanger for recovering residual heat.
The double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit comprises an air storage tank, a first high-pressure water tank, a second high-pressure water tank and a water pump; the first high-pressure water gas tank and the second high-pressure water gas tank are connected in parallel, the tops of the first high-pressure water gas tank and the second high-pressure water gas tank are communicated with the gas storage tank through a gas exhaust pipeline, the tops of the first high-pressure water gas tank and the second high-pressure water gas tank are both connected with a gas source through a gas inlet pipeline, and a water inlet at the bottom of the first high-pressure water gas tank is communicated with a water outlet at the bottom of the second high-pressure water gas tank; the water inlet at the bottom of the second high-pressure water vapor tank is communicated with the water outlet at the bottom of the first high-pressure water vapor tank, the water inlets at the bottom of the first high-pressure water vapor tank and the second high-pressure water vapor tank are both provided with a gas-liquid separator, and the water inlets at the bottom of the first high-pressure water vapor tank and the second high-pressure water vapor tank are both communicated with a water source through a water replenishing pipeline.
The first high-pressure water tank and the second high-pressure water tank are arranged underground, an underground water tank or underground water is adopted as a water source, and the underground water tank or the underground water is further connected with a cooling water pipeline to supply cooling water to the ground.
The high-pressure water tank of the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit is internally provided with a heat-conducting and heat-storing integrated heat exchanger which is vertically arranged, the heat-conducting and heat-storing integrated heat exchanger comprises a plurality of heat-conducting pipes with the same specification and a plurality of circular heat exchange thin plates, the same type diameters of the plurality of circular heat exchange thin plates are sequentially reduced from top to bottom, and the circular heat exchange thin plates are arranged on the upper parts of the heat-conducting pipes; the round heat exchange sheet is provided with mounting holes and water outlet holes for mounting the heat conducting pipes, the mounting holes are distributed in an S shape, the water outlet holes are uniformly distributed on the round heat exchange sheet, and the outer edge of the round heat exchange sheet at the top is welded with the inner wall of the high-pressure water gas tank.
A plurality of circular truncated cone-shaped protrusions are uniformly distributed around the water outlet hole, and the part of the heat conduction pipe above the circular heat exchange thin plate at the top accounts for 1/9-1/10 of the length of the whole pipe; the circular heat exchange thin plate at the top is welded at the position 3/4 of the height of the high-pressure water gas tank; the lower ends of the heat conduction pipes are provided with round fins.
The heat conduction pipe is a hollow pipe, the length of the heat conduction pipe is 4000-5000mm, the diameter of the heat conduction pipe is 150-200mm, the heat conduction coefficient of the heat conduction pipe is not lower than 200W/(m.K), and the diameter of the circular fin is 250-300mm; the diameter of the water outlet hole is 500-550mm.
A regenerator is arranged from an outlet of the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit to a cold side inlet of the first condenser, and the outlet of the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit is communicated with the cold side inlet of the regenerator through a pressure stabilizing valve; a cold side outlet of the heat regenerator is communicated with a cold side inlet of the first condenser, a hot side inlet of the heat regenerator is communicated with an outlet of the high-pressure expander, and an outlet of the hot side of the heat regenerator is communicated with the atmosphere; the electric energy input end of the air compressor is connected with the electric energy output end of the expansion generator set.
The inlet of the evaporator is provided with a throttling pressure reducing valve for expanding and reducing pressure, and the hot side inlets of the first condenser and the second condenser are respectively and correspondingly provided with a first flow regulating valve and a second flow regulating valve.
Integration of CO according to the invention 2 The operation method of the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized in that in a preset stage, water is supplemented to a set water level in a double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit;
air is compressed and stored in a near isothermal mode through a double-tank near isothermal compressed air energy storage unit; when the system is discharging, CO 2 The heat pump unit and the expansion generator set work simultaneously, and compressed air enters the first condenser and is in contact with high-temperature CO at the hot side of the first condenser 2 Working medium exchanges heat and heats up, high-pressure air enters a high-pressure expander to expand and do work, and low-pressure air after doing work enters a second condenser to be in CO connection with the hot side of the second condenser 2 The working medium is heat-exchanged, after the temp. is raised, it is fed into low-pressure expansion machine to make expansion work, and passed through CO 2 Compressed air heated by the heat pump unit enters an expansion generator set to work and generate power to finish energy release; wherein the compressor compresses CO 2 Transporting to hot side of the first and second condensers the heat-released CO 2 And then returns to the compressor again through the evaporator.
The compressed air is throttled to a set pressure by the throttle valve, enters the heat regenerator for preheating, enters the first condenser after preheating is completed, and exhaust gas which completes work enters the heat regenerator for preheating the throttled compressed air and then is discharged into the atmosphere.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
in the energy release process of the system, before the compressed gas in the gas storage tank and the CO do work and release energy in the expansion generator set 2 Of heat pump unitsThe first condenser and the second condenser exchange heat, and the disadvantages of insufficient energy storage density of the isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system under the same air storage condition are solved by utilizing the advantages of strong heat collection capacity and high efficiency of the heat pump unit; before the compressed air enters an expansion generator set to expand and generate power, a heat pump working medium CO is used 2 The heat absorbed from the atmospheric environment is heated, and one unit of electric energy can generate heat with the same multiple as the heat pump circulation efficiency, so that the problem of insufficient energy storage density of isothermal compressed air under the same air storage condition is solved; moreover, the heat pump unit only works in the energy release time period, and compared with the heat storage equipment of the heat insulation compressed air energy storage and power generation system, the heat pump unit avoids heat dissipation generated in the heat storage process; heat pump unit using CO 2 As a working medium, the working medium has excellent flowing and heat transfer characteristics, so that the sizes of a compressor and a system can be obviously reduced, and the whole system is very compact; CO 2 2 The lubricating oil has good performance and chemical stability, is safe, nontoxic and non-flammable, is suitable for various lubricating oil and common mechanical part materials, and cannot be decomposed to generate harmful gas even at high temperature.
Further, the heat-conducting and heat-storing integrated heat exchanger is applied, and the S-shaped heat-conducting pipe is used for quickly guiding heat generated in the process of compressing air by the high-pressure water tank into water; circular heat transfer sheet metal has increased the heat transfer area of heat pipe and air with the form of rib on the one hand, main thermal resistance has been reduced, on the other hand, along with the relapse lift of liquid level in the high pressure water pitcher, in-process that the liquid level risees, the heat generation of compression is and the circular heat transfer board of leading-in heat capacity big and low temperature, along with the air further compression, the liquid level further risees, so that circular heat transfer board immerses in the water completely, and with the leading-in aquatic of absorbed compression heat, the indirect heat transfer of air with water of having realized, the apopore is used for the play water of liquid level ascending in-process, the nearly isothermal compression degree of compression system has been strengthened greatly to the application heat conduction heat accumulation integral type heat exchanger, and the compression efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, a throttle valve and a throttle valve are arranged in front of the condenser and hot end inlets of the condenser, and CO of the two branches is controlled 2 The flow rate is controlled to control the temperature of the compressed air entering the high pressure expander and the low pressure expander to meet the specific requirementsOr higher operating efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a process of the present invention involving CO 2 A heat pump integrated high-efficiency near-isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system is shown.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat-conducting and heat-storing integrated heat exchanger according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat-conducting and heat-storing integrated heat exchanger according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a circular heat exchange sheet according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an external structure of a heat pipe according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat pipe according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-air storage tank, 2-pressure stabilizing valve, 3-heat regenerator, 4-first condenser, 5-high pressure expander, 6-second condenser, 7-low pressure expander, 8-first flow regulating valve, 9-second flow regulating valve, 10-air compressor, 11-first high pressure water tank, 12-second high pressure water tank, 13-second air inlet valve, 14-first air inlet valve, 15-first air outlet valve, 16-second air outlet valve, 17-first heat exchange net, 18-second heat exchange net, 19-first water inlet valve, 20-second water inlet valve, 21-first water outlet valve, 22-second water outlet valve, 23-water pump, 24-air-gas heat exchange net, 25-water supply valve, 26-evaporator, 27-throttling pressure reducing valve, 28-second liquid level sensor, 29-first liquid level sensor, 30-electric net, 31-first heat conducting integrated heat exchanger, 32-second heat conducting heat accumulating heat exchanger, 33-water outlet hole, 34-circular heat exchange water pressure reducing valve, 35-circular heat exchanger, 36-fin and 37-thin plate heat conducting pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to FIG. 1, an integrated CO 2 The high-efficiency near-isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump comprises a double-tank near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit for storing compressed air energy and CO for collecting heat and heating the compressed air 2 The heat pump unit and the expansion generator set are used for generating electricity by gas expansion; the expansion generator set comprises high-pressure expansionThe high-pressure expander 5 and the low-pressure expander 7 are connected with a generator; CO 2 2 The heat pump unit comprises a compressor 10, an evaporator 26, a first condenser 4 and a second condenser 6 which are connected in parallel; the outlet of the compressor 10 is respectively communicated with the hot side inlets of the first condenser 4 and the second condenser 6, and the hot side outlets of the first condenser 4 and the second condenser 6 are sequentially communicated with the evaporator 26 and the inlet of the compressor 10; the cold side inlet of the first condenser 4 is communicated with the outlet of the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit, the cold side outlet of the first condenser 4 is sequentially communicated with the cold side inlets of the high-pressure expander 5 and the second condenser 6, the cold side outlet of the second condenser 6 is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure expander 7, and the outlet of the low-pressure expander 7 is communicated with a heat exchanger for recovering residual heat.
Referring to fig. 1, the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit includes an air inlet and outlet pipeline for controlling air inlet and outlet, two high-pressure water tanks for pressurizing air, a water pump unit pipeline for connecting the two high-pressure water tanks, a heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger for efficiently conducting compression heat, and an air storage tank for storing compressed air; as shown in fig. 1, the air intake and exhaust pipeline includes an air intake pipeline and an exhaust pipeline connected in parallel with two high-pressure water tanks, the air intake and exhaust pipeline is connected to the tops of a first high-pressure water tank 11 and a second high-pressure water tank 12, and a first air intake valve 14 and a second air intake valve 13 are respectively arranged on the air intake pipeline corresponding to the first high-pressure water tank 11 and the second high-pressure water tank 12; the exhaust pipelines corresponding to the first high-pressure water tank 11 and the second high-pressure water tank 12 are respectively provided with a first exhaust valve 15 and a second exhaust valve 16; the exhaust pipeline is communicated with an inlet of the gas storage tank; the two high-pressure water gas tanks comprise a first high-pressure water gas tank 11 and a second high-pressure water gas tank 12 which have the same specification; the water pump unit pipeline is connected to the bottoms of the first high-pressure water gas tank 11 and the second high-pressure water gas tank 12, and comprises a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline which are respectively connected to the bottoms of the first high-pressure water gas tank 11 and the second high-pressure water gas tank 12 in parallel, and a first water inlet valve 19, a second water inlet valve 20, a first drain valve 21 and a second drain valve 22 on each pipeline; the gas-liquid separator 24 and the water pump unit 23 are connected with the water outlet pipeline and the water inlet pipeline in sequence; the first exhaust valve 15 and the second exhaust valve 16 on the exhaust pipeline are controlled by the pressure difference between the inside of the tank and the exhaust pipeline, when the pressure in the pipe is not less than the pressure in the exhaust pipeline, the valves are opened, the compressed air enters the air storage tank 1 from the water discharge pipe port for storage, and a water replenishing pipe port and a water replenishing valve 25 are arranged in front of the gas-liquid separator.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger in a high pressure water tank of the present invention includes a first high pressure water tank 11 and a second high pressure water tank 12 which are the same, the heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger includes a first heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger 31 and a second heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger 32 which are the same, the first heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger 31 and the second heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger 32 are respectively located in the first high pressure water tank 11 and the second high pressure water tank 12, the heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat conduction pipes 34 and a plurality of circular heat exchange thin plates 35 which are the same in specification, and the heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger has the following structure and functions: two groups of 13 heat pipes 34 which are uniformly distributed in an S shape and have the same specification are respectively used for rapidly conducting compression heat generated in the process of near-isothermal compression of air in a high-pressure water tank, three round heat exchange thin plates 35 which have high heat capacity and the radius of which is reduced from top to bottom in sequence are distributed on the round heat exchange thin plates, mounting holes 37 which have the same pipe diameter as the heat pipes and the same distribution mode of the heat pipes are distributed on the round heat exchange thin plates, 4 water outlet holes 33 are uniformly distributed on the round heat exchange thin plates, the diameter of the first round heat exchange thin plate is equal to the inner diameter of the high-pressure water tank and is welded near 3/4 of the height of the high-pressure water tank, round table type bulges are distributed on the peripheries of the water outlet holes 33 and are used for increasing the heat exchange area so as to be beneficial to heat exchange, the diameters of the rest heat exchange thin plates are reduced along with the mounting height, and the heat pipes 34 are inserted into the mounting holes 37, the heat conduction pipe 34 above the mounting hole 37 occupies 1/9-1/10 of the whole pipe length, which is determined according to the pressure of the air storage, when the pressure of the air storage is higher, the liquid level is higher when the compression is finished, in order to ensure that the heat conduction pipe is contacted with water and air simultaneously, the length of the upper end of the heat conduction pipe is adjusted to be larger, on one hand, the heat exchange area of the heat conduction pipe and the air is increased in a rib mode by the round heat exchange thin plate, the main thermal resistance is reduced, on the other hand, along with the repeated rising and falling of the liquid level in the high-pressure water tank, the compressed heat is generated in the process of rising the liquid level and is guided into the round heat exchange plate with large heat capacity and low temperature, along with the further compression of the air, the liquid level is further risen, so that the round heat exchange plate is completely immersed into the water, the absorbed compressed heat is guided into the water, the heat exchange of the air and the water is indirectly realized, and the water outlet hole is used for water outlet in the process of rising of the liquid level.
Referring to fig. 3, 5 and 6, a plurality of truncated cone-shaped protrusions are uniformly distributed around the water outlet hole 33, and the part of the heat conduction pipe 34 above the top circular heat exchange thin plate 35 accounts for 1/9-1/10 of the whole pipe length; the circular heat exchange thin plate 35 at the top is welded at the position 3/4 of the height of the high-pressure water tank; the lower ends of the heat pipes are all provided with round fins 36.
The heat conduction pipe 34 is a hollow pipe, the length of the heat conduction pipe 34 is 4000-5000mm, the diameter of the heat conduction pipe is 150-200mm, the heat conduction coefficient of the heat conduction pipe is not lower than 200W/(m.K), and the diameter of the round fin 36 is 250-300mm; the diameter of the water outlet hole 33 is 500-550mm.
CO 2 The heat pump unit comprises a heat pump working medium CO for lifting 2 The compressor 10 of pressure used for heating and compressing air and improving two condensers connected in parallel of the expansion capacity is respectively a first condenser 4 and a second condenser 6, a throttling pressure reducing valve 27 used for expansion and pressure reduction, an evaporator 26 used for absorbing environmental heat, and a first flow regulating valve 8 and a second flow regulating valve 9 used for regulating the flow of working media at the inlets of the two condensers connected in parallel; the working medium outlets of the gas compressor are respectively communicated with hot side inlets of the first condenser 4 and the second condenser 6, and a first flow regulating valve 8 and a second flow regulating valve 9 are arranged on a parallel pipeline between the working medium outlets of the gas compressor and are used for regulating the flow of the working medium flowing into the hot side inlets of the first condenser 4 and the second condenser 6 and the temperature of the inlet of the expansion generator set; the hot side outlets of the two parallel condensers are communicated with a working medium inlet of a throttling pressure reducing valve 27, the working medium outlet of the throttling pressure reducing valve 27 is communicated with a cold side inlet of an evaporator 26, and the cold side outlet of the evaporator 26 is communicated with a working medium inlet of the compressor 10. The advantages of strong heat collection capability and high efficiency of the heat pump unit are utilized to solve the problem of insufficient energy storage density of the isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system under the same air storage condition.
The outlet of the gas storage tank 1 is communicated with a working medium inlet of a pressure stabilizing valve 2, and the working medium of the pressure stabilizing valve 2The outlet is communicated with the cold side inlet of the heat regenerator 3, and the outlet of the cold side of the heat regenerator 3 is communicated with CO 2 A cold side inlet of a first condenser 4 in the heat pump unit, a cold side outlet of the first condenser 4 is communicated with a working medium inlet of a high-pressure expander 5, a working medium outlet of the high-pressure expander 5 is communicated with a cold side inlet of a second condenser 6, a cold side outlet of the second condenser 6 is communicated with a working medium inlet of a low-pressure expander 7, a working medium outlet of the low-pressure expander 7 is communicated with a hot side inlet of a heat regenerator 3, and an outlet of the hot side of the heat regenerator 3 is communicated with the atmosphere.
Based on the system, the invention relates to a CO 2 The high-efficiency near-isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system integrated by the heat pump comprises the following steps:
in the preset stage, the water in the first high-pressure water tank 11 and the second high-pressure water tank 12 is replenished to the preset liquid level through the water replenishing pipe openings, then the water replenishing valve 25 is closed, and the water replenishing valve 25 is not opened any more to replenish water under the condition of no liquid loss.
In the energy storage stage, the air inlet pipe orifice is communicated with the air inlet pipeline, and the air outlet pipe orifice is communicated with the air outlet pipeline. The first air inlet valve 14 is opened, the second air inlet valve 13, the first exhaust valve 15 and the second exhaust valve 16 are closed, when gas in an air inlet pipeline enters the first high-pressure water tank 11, the first drain valve 21 and the second water inlet valve 20 are opened, the second drain valve 22 and the first water inlet valve 19 are closed, water in the first high-pressure water tank 11 is pressed into the second high-pressure water tank 12 through the gas-liquid separator 24 and the water pump unit 23 in sequence, the internal gas pressure is increased along with the increase of the liquid level in the second high-pressure water tank 12, the generated compression heat is rapidly led into the water through the high-efficiency heat-conducting and heat-accumulating integrated heat exchanger 32, the near isothermal degree in the compression process is guaranteed, the compression efficiency is improved, when the air pressure in the second high-pressure water tank 12 is not less than the air pressure in an exhaust pipeline, the second exhaust valve 16 is opened, and continuing to compress until the liquid level reaches the preset sensing liquid level of the second liquid level sensor 28, closing the second exhaust valve 16, simultaneously opening the second drain valve 22, opening the first water inlet valve 19, opening the second air inlet valve 13, closing the second water inlet valve 20, the first drain valve 21 and the first air inlet valve 14, at this time, gas in the air inlet pipeline enters the second high-pressure water tank 12, water in the second high-pressure water tank 12 sequentially passes through the gas-liquid separator 24 and the water pump unit 23 to enter the first high-pressure water tank 11, the liquid level in the first high-pressure water tank rises, the gas is compressed, when the gas pressure in the first high-pressure water tank 11 is not less than the gas pressure in the air outlet pipeline, the first exhaust valve 15 is opened, continuing to compress until the liquid level reaches the preset sensing liquid level of the first liquid level sensor 29, and closing the first exhaust valve 15. The valve is adjusted in a reciprocating manner to carry out circulating pressurization, and compressed air is charged into the air storage tank through the exhaust pipeline to be stored. In the process that the air inlet and the water outlet of the high-pressure water tank are carried out simultaneously, the volume flow is the same, so that the stability of the air pressure in the tank can be ensured.
In the energy releasing stage, compressed air flows out from the outlet of the air storage tank 1, is throttled to a set pressure by the pressure stabilizing valve, is preheated by the heat regenerator 3, has a slightly increased temperature, enters the first condenser 4 and is in contact with high-temperature CO at the hot side 2 The working medium exchanges heat and rises temperature, the work capacity of the compressed air is obviously improved, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air enters the high-pressure expansion machine 5 to expand and work; the low-pressure air after work is fed into the condenser 6 and CO at the hot side 2 The working medium exchanges heat, and enters the low-pressure expansion machine 7 to do work after being heated up and passes through CO 2 Compressed air heated by the heat pump unit enters an expansion generator set to do work and generate power to finish energy release; the exhaust gas which finishes the work enters a heat regenerator 3 to preheat the compressed air throttled by the pressure stabilizing valve 2 so as to utilize waste heat and then is discharged into the atmosphere; in the energy releasing process, the advantages of high heat pump efficiency and strong heat collecting capacity are utilized, and before compressed air enters the expansion generating set for expansion power generation, the working medium CO of the heat pump is used 2 The heat absorbed from the atmospheric environment is heated, and one unit of electric energy can generate heat with the same multiple as the heat pump circulation efficiency, so that the problem of insufficient energy storage density of isothermal compressed air under the same air storage condition is solved; and the heat pump unit only works in the energy release time period, so that compared with the heat storage equipment of the heat insulation compressed air energy storage power generation system, the heat pump unit avoids heat dissipation generated in the heat storage process, reduces the temperature difference heat transfer process and reduces the loss.
The invention utilizes the system to generate electricity to drive CO 2 The heat pump unit heats the compressed gas before expansion and work, so that the key problem of low energy storage density of the isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system is solved, near isothermal compression is realized to a greater extent by utilizing the efficient heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger in the high-pressure air storage tank, the compression efficiency is improved, and a technical direction is provided for better application of the isothermal compressed air energy storage power generation system.
Claims (10)
1. Integrated CO 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized by comprising a double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit and CO 2 A heat pump unit and an expansion generator set; the expansion generator set comprises a high-pressure expander (5) and a low-pressure expander (7), and the high-pressure expander (5) and the low-pressure expander (7) are connected with a generator; CO 2 2 The heat pump unit comprises a compressor (10), an evaporator (26), and a first condenser (4) and a second condenser (6) which are connected in parallel; the outlet of the compressor (10) is respectively communicated with the hot side inlets of the first condenser (4) and the second condenser (6), and the hot side outlets of the first condenser (4) and the second condenser (6) are sequentially communicated with the evaporator (26) and the inlet of the compressor (10); the cold side inlet of the first condenser (4) is communicated with the outlet of the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit, the cold side outlet of the first condenser (4) is sequentially communicated with the cold side inlets of the high-pressure expander (5) and the second condenser (6), the cold side outlet of the second condenser (6) is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure expander (7), and the outlet of the low-pressure expander (7) is communicated with a heat exchanger for recovering residual heat.
2. The integrated CO of claim 1 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized in that the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit comprises an air storage tank (1), a first high-pressure water tank (11), a second high-pressure water tank (12) and a water pump (23); the first high-pressure water tank (11) and the second high-pressure water tank (12) are connected in parallel, the tops of the first high-pressure water tank (11) and the second high-pressure water tank (12) are communicated with the air storage tank (1) through an exhaust pipeline, and the first high-pressure water tank (11) and the second high-pressure water tank (12) are communicated with the air storage tank (1)The top of the second high-pressure water gas tank (12) is connected with a gas source through a gas inlet pipeline, and a water inlet at the bottom of the first high-pressure water gas tank (11) is communicated with a water outlet at the bottom of the second high-pressure water gas tank (12); the bottom water inlet of the second high-pressure water gas tank (12) is communicated with the bottom water outlet of the first high-pressure water gas tank (11), the bottom water inlets of the first high-pressure water gas tank (11) and the second high-pressure water gas tank (12) are respectively provided with a gas-liquid separator (24), and the bottom water inlets of the first high-pressure water gas tank (11) and the second high-pressure water gas tank (12) are communicated with a water source through water replenishing pipelines.
3. The integrated CO of claim 2 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized in that a first high-pressure water gas tank (11) and a second high-pressure water gas tank (12) are arranged underground, a water source adopts an underground water tank or underground water, and the underground water tank or the underground water is further connected with a cooling water pipeline to lead to the ground to provide cooling water.
4. Integrated CO according to claim 1 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized in that a heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger is arranged in a high-pressure water tank of a double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit, the heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger is vertically arranged, the heat conduction and heat storage integrated heat exchanger comprises a plurality of heat conduction pipes (34) with the same specification and a plurality of circular heat exchange thin plates (35), the same type diameters of the plurality of circular heat exchange thin plates (35) are sequentially reduced from top to bottom, and the circular heat exchange thin plates (35) are installed on the upper parts of the heat conduction pipes (34); the round heat exchange thin plate (35) is provided with mounting holes (37) and water outlet holes (33) for mounting the heat conduction pipes (34), the mounting holes (37) are distributed in an S shape, the water outlet holes (33) are uniformly distributed on the round heat exchange thin plate (35), and the outer edge of the round heat exchange thin plate (35) at the top is welded with the inner wall of the high-pressure water tank.
5. The integrated CO of claim 4 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized in that a plurality of circular truncated cone-shaped bulges are uniformly distributed around the water outlet hole (33), and the heat conducting pipe (34) is positioned on the top circleThe part above the section heat exchange thin plate (35) accounts for 1/9-1/10 of the length of the whole tube; the circular heat exchange thin plate (35) at the top is welded at the position 3/4 of the height of the high-pressure water tank; the lower ends of the heat conduction pipes are provided with round fins (36).
6. The integrated CO of claim 5 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized in that the heat conduction pipe (34) is a hollow pipe, the length of the heat conduction pipe (34) is 4000-5000mm, the diameter of the heat conduction pipe is 150-200mm, the heat conduction coefficient of the heat conduction pipe is not lower than 200W/(m.K), and the diameter of the circular fin (36) is 250-300mm; the diameter of the water outlet hole (33) is 500-550mm.
7. The integrated CO of claim 1 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized in that a regenerator (3) is arranged from an outlet of a double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit to a cold side inlet of a first condenser (4), and the outlet of the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit is communicated with the cold side inlet of the regenerator (3) through a pressure stabilizing valve (2); a cold side outlet of the heat regenerator (3) is communicated with a cold side inlet of the first condenser (4), a hot side inlet of the heat regenerator (3) is communicated with an outlet of the high-pressure expander (5), and an outlet of the hot side of the heat regenerator (3) is communicated with the atmosphere; the electric energy input end of the air compressor (10) is connected with the electric energy output end of the expansion generator set.
8. The integrated CO of claim 1 2 The compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized in that a throttling pressure reducing valve (27) for expansion and pressure reduction is arranged at an inlet of an evaporator (26), and a first flow regulating valve (8) and a second flow regulating valve (9) are correspondingly arranged at hot side inlets of a first condenser (4) and a second condenser (6) respectively.
9. Integrated CO according to any of claims 1 to 8 2 The operation method of the compressed air energy storage power generation system of the heat pump is characterized in that in a preset stage, water is supplemented to a set water level in the double-tank type near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit;
air is compressed and stored in a double-tank near-isothermal compressed air energy storage unit near-isothermal; when the system is discharging, CO 2 The heat pump unit and the expansion generator set work simultaneously, and compressed air enters the first condenser (4) and is in contact with high-temperature CO at the hot side of the first condenser 2 Working medium exchanges heat and heats up, high-pressure air enters a high-pressure expander (5) to be expanded to do work, and low-pressure air after doing work enters a second condenser (6) to be in CO connection with the hot side of the second condenser 2 The working medium exchanges heat, and the working medium enters a low-pressure expander (7) to expand and work after being heated, and passes through CO 2 The compressed air heated by the heat pump unit enters an expansion generator set to perform work generation to finish energy release; wherein the compressor (10) compresses CO 2 Transporting to the hot side of the first condenser (4) and the second condenser (6), the heat-released CO 2 And then returns to the compressor (10) again through the evaporator (26).
10. The operating method according to claim 9, characterized in that the compressed air is throttled to a set pressure by a throttle valve, enters the regenerator (3) for preheating, enters the first condenser (4) after preheating is completed, and the exhaust gas which completes work enters the regenerator (3) for preheating the throttled compressed air and then is discharged to the atmosphere.
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| CN115773164B (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-05-16 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Isothermal compressed air synergistic energy storage system and method |
| CN115875244B (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-05-16 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Constant-pressure full-capacity energy release type compressed air energy storage system and energy storage method |
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