CN114382427A

CN114382427A - Horizontal well debris bed treatment method and device

Info

Publication number: CN114382427A
Application number: CN202111679784.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 纪国栋; 黄洪春; 崔猛; 陈畅畅; 刘力; 于璟; 武强; 张佳伟; 毕文欣; 周翠平
Original assignee: China National Petroleum Corp; CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co Ltd
Current assignee: China National Petroleum Corp; CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-31
Filing date: 2021-12-31
Publication date: 2022-04-22
Also published as: WO2023124870A1

Abstract

The invention discloses a horizontal well detritus bed treatment method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the drilling engineering information of the horizontal well, the distribution form of a detritus bed in the whole drilling process is predicted, and the falling position of a detritus cleaning tool of each well section is predicted; calculating the actual height of the detritus bed of each well section; correcting the predicted rock debris cleaning tool lowering position of each well section; determining the height risk level of a detritus bed of each well section according to the percent of drilling return detritus, the particle size distribution deflection degree of the drilling detritus and the change rate of the drilling hook load hanging weight in the drilling process; associating different debris bed height risk levels with different debris bed clearing schemes; and outputting the correction data of the descending position of the cutting cleaning tool of the well section and a cutting bed clearing scheme related to the cutting bed height risk grade of the well section aiming at each well section. The horizontal well cuttings bed processing method can improve the accuracy and the processing efficiency of horizontal well cuttings bed processing and effectively solve the problem of accumulation of the horizontal well cuttings bed.

Description

Horizontal well debris bed treatment method and device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a horizontal well detritus bed treatment method and device.

Background

This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.

At present, the increase of exploration and development difficulty prompts a new cobalt well technology and a new process to continuously emerge and develop, the horizontal well drilling technology is favored by the drilling world due to the characteristics of high reservoir discovery rate, high yield, low oil cost per ton and the like, the proportion of the drilled wells is increased year by using the mode, and particularly after unconventional oil reservoirs such as fractured oil reservoirs, thin oil reservoirs, low-permeability oil reservoirs and the like are successfully applied, the exploitation degree of the oil reservoirs is greatly improved: meanwhile, in the aspects of increasing the yield and improving the recovery efficiency, the horizontal well technology plays a role in lifting, the stable yield of the horizontal well technology is 2-5 times that of a vertical well, the horizontal well technology gradually becomes an important means for modern oil and gas exploration and development and becomes a main force for development of various oil fields.

The horizontal well drilling technology has many advantages, but the problem of horizontal well section rock debris migration is one of the disadvantages, and the serious drilling accident can be caused by poor well bore purification, so sufficient attention should be paid.

Due to the particularity of the well body structure of the horizontal well section (the well inclination angle range is about 90 degrees), the migration track of the rock debris in the horizontal annular space under the comprehensive action of various forces is obviously different from that of the vertical well section, and when the return speed of the drilling fluid is low, the rock debris easily falls on the lower edge of the well annular space and is gradually accumulated to form a rock debris bed, so that a series of complex engineering problems can be caused.

Currently, conventional cleaning means include: short trip drilling tool or long distance reverse sliding hole; the discharge capacity of the drilling fluid is increased; adjusting rheological property of the drilling fluid; increasing the rotation speed of the drill rod, and the like. However, the sand removal means are determined by the experience of workers on site, and no complete debris bed cleaning scheme exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a horizontal well detritus bed treatment method, which is used for improving the treatment accuracy and treatment efficiency of a horizontal well detritus bed, effectively solving the accumulation problem of the horizontal well detritus bed and improving the development benefit of a horizontal well, and comprises the following steps:

according to the drilling engineering information of the horizontal well, predicting the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process; the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process is used for describing the predicted detritus accumulation and migration condition of the detritus bed of each well section;

predicting the entering position of the rock debris cleaning tool of each well section according to the distribution form of the rock debris bed in the whole drilling process;

calculating the actual height of the detritus bed of each well section according to the logging data in the drilling process;

correcting the predicted rock debris cleaning tool descending position of each well section according to the actual rock debris bed height of each well section to obtain correction data of the rock debris cleaning tool descending position of each well section;

determining the height risk level of a detritus bed of each well section according to the percent of drilling return detritus, the particle size distribution deflection degree of the drilling detritus and the change rate of the drilling hook load hanging weight in the drilling process;

associating different debris bed height risk levels with different debris bed clearing schemes;

and outputting the correction data of the descending position of the cutting cleaning tool of the well section and a cutting bed clearing scheme related to the cutting bed height risk grade of the well section aiming at each well section.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a horizontal well detritus bed treatment device, which is used for improving the treatment accuracy and treatment efficiency of the horizontal well detritus bed, effectively solving the accumulation problem of the horizontal well detritus bed and improving the development benefit of the horizontal well, and comprises the following components:

the distribution form prediction module of the detritus bed is used for predicting the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process according to the drilling engineering information of the horizontal well; the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process is used for describing the predicted detritus accumulation and migration condition of the detritus bed of each well section;

the rock debris cleaning tool descending position prediction module is used for predicting the descending position of the rock debris cleaning tool of each well section according to the distribution form of a rock debris bed in the whole drilling process;

the actual detritus bed height calculating module is used for calculating the actual detritus bed height of each well section according to the logging data in the drilling process;

the rock debris cleaning tool descending position correction module is used for correcting the predicted descending position of the rock debris cleaning tool of each well section according to the actual rock debris bed height of each well section to obtain correction data of the descending position of the rock debris cleaning tool of each well section;

the height risk grade determination module of the detritus bed of the well section is used for determining the height risk grade of the detritus bed of each well section according to the percentage of the returned detritus of the drilling well, the granularity distribution deflection degree of the drilling detritus and the change rate of the hanging load of the drilling hook in the drilling process;

the detritus bed clearing scheme association module is used for associating different detritus bed height risk levels with different detritus bed clearing schemes;

and the data output module is used for outputting the correction data of the rock debris cleaning tool descending position of the well section and the rock debris bed clearing scheme related to the rock debris bed height risk grade of the well section aiming at each well section.

The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the horizontal well cuttings bed processing method when executing the computer program.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for processing the horizontal well cuttings bed is implemented.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for processing the horizontal well cuttings bed is implemented.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process is predicted according to the drilling engineering information of the horizontal well; the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process is used for describing the predicted detritus accumulation and migration condition of the detritus bed of each well section; predicting the entering position of the rock debris cleaning tool of each well section according to the distribution form of the rock debris bed in the whole drilling process; calculating the actual height of the detritus bed of each well section according to the logging data in the drilling process; correcting the predicted rock debris cleaning tool descending position of each well section according to the actual rock debris bed height of each well section to obtain correction data of the rock debris cleaning tool descending position of each well section; determining the height risk level of a detritus bed of each well section according to the percent of drilling return detritus, the particle size distribution deflection degree of the drilling detritus and the change rate of the drilling hook load hanging weight in the drilling process; associating different debris bed height risk levels with different debris bed clearing schemes; aiming at each well section, outputting correction data of the descending position of the cutting cleaning tool of the well section and a cutting bed clearing scheme related to the height risk grade of the cutting bed of the well section, compared with the technical scheme that only a conventional cleaning means can be manually formulated in the prior art, by predicting the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process and executing different detritus bed clearing schemes according to different detritus bed height risk levels, the integrated horizontal well detritus bed treatment integrating pre-drilling simulation prediction, drilling diagnosis and evaluation and rock clearing operation guidance is realized without the help of manpower, the descending position of the debris cleaning tool can be automatically adjusted, and a debris bed cleaning scheme is generated, so that the problem that mistakes and leaks cannot be avoided according to manual work in the prior art is solved, the processing accuracy and the processing efficiency of the horizontal well debris bed are improved, and the problem of accumulation of the horizontal well debris bed is effectively solved; meanwhile, the development benefit of the horizontal well is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a horizontal well cuttings bed treatment method in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal well cuttings bed treatment apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a horizontal well cuttings bed treatment apparatus according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a horizontal well cuttings bed treatment method according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a horizontal well cuttings bed treatment apparatus according to the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a specific illustration of a horizontal well cuttings bed treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

The term "and/or" herein merely describes an associative relationship, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the term "at least one" herein means any one of a plurality or any combination of at least two of a plurality, for example, including at least one of A, B, C, and may mean including any one or more elements selected from the group consisting of A, B and C.

In the description of the present specification, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are used in an open-ended fashion, i.e., to mean including, but not limited to. Reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "a particular embodiment," "some embodiments," "for example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The sequence of steps involved in the embodiments is for illustrative purposes to illustrate the implementation of the present application, and the sequence of steps is not limited and can be adjusted as needed.

The increase of the difficulty of exploration and development prompts a new cobalt well technology and a new process to continuously emerge and develop, the horizontal well drilling technology is favored by the drilling world due to the characteristics of high reservoir discovery rate, high yield, low oil cost and the like, the proportion of the drilled wells is increased year by using the mode, and particularly after unconventional oil reservoirs such as fractured oil reservoirs, thin oil reservoirs, low-permeability oil reservoirs and the like are successfully applied, the exploitation degree of the oil reservoirs is greatly improved: meanwhile, in the aspects of increasing the yield and improving the recovery efficiency, the horizontal well technology plays a role in lifting, the stable yield of the horizontal well technology is 2-5 times that of a vertical well, the horizontal well technology gradually becomes an important means for modern oil and gas exploration and development and becomes a main force for development of various oil fields.

The horizontal well drilling technology has many advantages, but the problem of horizontal well section rock debris migration is one of the disadvantages, and the serious drilling accident can be caused by poor well bore purification, so sufficient attention should be paid. Due to the particularity of the well body structure of the horizontal well section (the well inclination angle range is about 90 degrees), the migration track of the rock debris in the horizontal annular space under the comprehensive action of various forces is obviously different from that of the vertical well section, and when the return speed of the drilling fluid is low, the rock debris easily falls on the lower edge of the well annular space and is gradually accumulated to form a rock debris bed, so that a series of complex engineering problems can be caused.

The existence of the detritus bed brings a plurality of potential safety hazards to drilling construction, seriously threatens safe drilling, and is mainly embodied in the following aspects:

1. the detritus bed is liable to cause the drilling tool to generate high friction resistance and high torque, even the drilling tool is twisted off.

2. The bed of cuttings may result in a reduction in the rate of penetration. Due to the fact that the arrangement structure among the detritus bed and detritus particles is loose, a key groove is easily formed to cause supporting pressure, so that the drilling pressure cannot be completely acted on a drill bit, meanwhile, the lifting and lowering resistance of the drilling tool is increased, and the drilling efficiency is reduced.

3. The cuttings bed is easy to cause accidents such as drill jamming and the like, so that the project progress is slow, and the drilling period is prolonged.

4. The debris bed can also cause the problems of difficult well logging tool entry, difficult casing and well cementation, poor well cementation quality and the like.

5. Because the drilling tool is not centered in the horizontal well section, the rock debris is repeatedly crushed into finer particles by the drilling tool, the solid content of the annular drilling fluid is increased, meanwhile, the annular space is reduced, an oval well hole is formed, and the pump is easily suppressed.

6. The cuttings bed is easy to cause the drilling tool at the lower part to generate mud bags, so that the drilling tool is held back. In addition, if the drilling fluid is not sufficiently circulated before the pump is stopped, the rock debris sinks to form a sand bridge after the pump is stopped, so that sand blockage is caused, and potential safety hazards exist if drilling is continued.

Conventional cleaning means include: short trip drilling tool or long distance reverse sliding hole; the discharge capacity of the drilling fluid is increased; adjusting rheological property of the drilling fluid; increasing the rotation speed of the drill rod, and the like. However, the sand removal means are determined by the experience of workers on site, and no complete debris bed cleaning scheme exists. Therefore, a complete system scheme for judging, analyzing, cleaning and clearing the cuttings bed is needed to ensure the on-site drilling production.

In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a horizontal well detritus bed processing method, which is used for improving the accuracy and the processing efficiency of horizontal well detritus bed processing, effectively solving the problem of accumulation of horizontal well detritus beds, and improving the development benefit of horizontal wells, and with reference to fig. 1, the method may include:

step 101: according to the drilling engineering information of the horizontal well, predicting the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process; the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process is used for describing the predicted detritus accumulation and migration condition of the detritus bed of each well section;

step 102: predicting the entering position of the rock debris cleaning tool of each well section according to the distribution form of the rock debris bed in the whole drilling process;

step 103: calculating the actual height of the detritus bed of each well section according to the logging data in the drilling process;

step 104: correcting the predicted rock debris cleaning tool descending position of each well section according to the actual rock debris bed height of each well section to obtain correction data of the rock debris cleaning tool descending position of each well section;

step 105: determining the height risk level of a detritus bed of each well section according to the percent of drilling return detritus, the particle size distribution deflection degree of the drilling detritus and the change rate of the drilling hook load hanging weight in the drilling process;

step 106: associating different debris bed height risk levels with different debris bed clearing schemes;

step 107: and outputting the correction data of the descending position of the cutting cleaning tool of the well section and a cutting bed clearing scheme related to the cutting bed height risk grade of the well section aiming at each well section.

When the method is specifically implemented, firstly, the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process is predicted according to the drilling engineering information of the horizontal well; the distribution form of the rock debris beds in the whole drilling process is used for describing the predicted rock debris accumulation and migration conditions of the rock debris beds of each well section.

In the embodiment, according to the horizontal well drilling engineering information, the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process is predicted, and the method comprises the following steps:

based on a finite volume method, combined with drilling engineering information, a drilling time axis is calculated and simulated to obtain the predicted distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process.

In one embodiment, the predictive calculation of the profile of the formation bed during the entire drilling process can be performed based on a finite volume method as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: the rock debris and the drilling fluid meet the following mass conservation equation and momentum conservation equation:

wherein alpha represents the volume fraction of the cuttings of the horizontal well section, and is dimensionless; rho_lIndicates the density of the drilling fluid in kg/m³；ρ_sDenotes the density of the rock debris, kg/m³；v_lThe flow rate of the drilling fluid is expressed in m/s; v. of_sRepresenting the flow velocity of the rock debris particles in m/s; p represents the pressure of the drilling fluid in pa; s_mRepresenting the source item in pa;

represents the partial derivative of the parameter with respect to time in units of s^-1；

Represents the partial derivative of the parameter with respect to space in m^-1。

Step two: taking an intermediate variable W_l、W_s、W_PAnd a matrix F, the expressions of which are respectively:

wherein, W_l、W_s、W_PAnd F is an intermediate variable; alpha is alpha_lRepresenting the volume fraction of the drilling fluid without dimension; alpha is alpha_sRepresenting the volume fraction of the rock debris without dimension; u. of_lThe flow rate of the drilling fluid is expressed in m/s; u. of_sRepresenting the flow velocity of the debris particles in m/s.

Step three: the flux change of the conservation variable of the liquid phase, the solid phase and the mixed momentum term satisfies the following conditions:

step four: after discretization, the equation form is iterated:

liquid phase:

solid phase:

mixing phases:

subscripts i and old-i respectively represent parameter values of the i well section and old-i well section, and superscripts j and j +1 respectively represent parameter values of the t time and the t + delta t time well section; further, old-li represents the liquid phase intermediate variable W at the well section at the time j and i_lA value of (d); old-si represents a solid phase intermediate variable W at the well section at the time i_sA value of (d); old-Pi represents the intermediate variable W of pressure at the well section at the time i_pA value of (d); li represents the liquid phase intermediate variable W at the well section at the moment i of j +1_lA value of (d); si represents the i well section solid at the time of j +1Phase intermediate variable W_sA value of (d); pi represents the intermediate variable W of pressure at the i well section at the time j +1_pThe value of (c).

The liquid phase, the solid phase and the mixed phase respectively represent: the drilling fluid portion, the cuttings portion, and the drilling fluid and cuttings mixing portion of the wellbore interval.

Step five: updating the flux (namely the intermediate variable F) in the drilling well section of each horizontal annulus within the time interval delta t, and then performing transverse calculation simulation by using a time axis to obtain the distribution form of the rock debris bed in the whole drilling process, wherein the distribution form of the rock debris bed in the whole drilling process can be used for describing the rock debris accumulation and migration conditions in the whole drilling process.

In specific implementation, after the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process is predicted according to the drilling engineering information of the horizontal well, the falling position of the detritus cleaning tool in each well section is predicted according to the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process.

In an embodiment, the design of the arrangement of the debris cleaning tool of the debris deposition key well sections (such as horizontal well sections and highly deviated well sections) can be carried out according to the distribution form of the debris bed in the whole drilling process predicted before drilling, such as the prediction of the falling position of the debris cleaning tool of each well section.

For example, if the predicted height of the cutting bed before drilling is high, it can be known that: the wellbore cleaning tools need to be densely arranged; if the height of the rock debris bed is low, the following can be obtained: the wellbore-cleaning tool deployment distance needs to be increased by a modest amount.

During specific implementation, after the position of the rock debris cleaning tool in each well section is predicted according to the distribution form of the rock debris bed in the whole drilling process, the actual rock debris bed height of each well section is calculated according to the logging data in the drilling process.

In specific implementation, after the actual height of the cutting bed of each well section is calculated according to the logging data in the drilling process, the predicted cutting cleaning tool dropping position of each well section is corrected according to the actual height of the cutting bed of each well section, and correction data of the cutting cleaning tool dropping position of each well section are obtained.

In an embodiment, the logging data during the drilling process may include: well depth, drilling rate, drilling fluid density, pumping pressure, displacement, well bore structure, well bore trajectory, drilling tool assembly, percent of returned cuttings, cuttings size distribution, hook load change. Wherein, the parameters of well depth, drilling speed, drilling fluid density, discharge capacity, well body structure and the like are used as calculation input parameters, and the actual height of the cuttings bed of each well section is calculated; and correcting the model of the distribution form of the rock debris bed in the whole drilling process by contrasting with the percentage of the returned rock debris, the particle size distribution of the rock debris and the hook load hanging weight change to obtain the correction data of the rock debris cleaning tool descending position of each well section.

In specific implementation, the predicted rock debris cleaning tool descending position of each well section is corrected according to the actual rock debris bed height of each well section, and after correction data of the rock debris cleaning tool descending position of each well section are obtained, the rock debris bed height risk grade of each well section is determined according to the drilling well return rock debris percentage, the drilling well rock debris particle size distribution deflection degree and the drilling well hook load hanging weight change rate in the drilling process.

In the embodiment, the determining of the height risk level of the detritus bed of each well section according to the percentage of the drilling return detritus, the drilling detritus particle size distribution deflection degree and the drilling hook load hanging weight change rate in the drilling process comprises the following steps:

pre-establishing a height risk matrix of a rock debris bed; the height risk matrix of the detritus bed takes the change rate of the initial drilling hook load hanging weight as an abscissa, the degree of the initial drilling detritus particle size distribution deflection as an ordinate, and the percentage of the initial return detritus as the matrix size;

dividing the height risk matrix of the rock debris bed, and determining the height risk level of the rock debris bed associated with each divided height risk matrix of the rock debris bed;

and matching the drilling return rock debris percentage, the drilling rock debris particle size distribution deflection degree and the drilling hook load hanging weight change rate in the drilling process with each divided rock debris bed height risk matrix to obtain the rock debris bed height risk grade of each well section.

In one embodiment, the percent return cuttings may be defined as the ratio of the mass of cuttings produced by drilling to the mass of wellhead return cuttings, see the following equation:

wherein: msum is the total amount of rock debris generated by drilling in delta t time; v is the drilling rate; t is time; rholite is the density of the cuttings at that time (which is related to the formation being drilled by the well); d is the diameter of the drill bit; alpha is the percentage of returned rock debris; mreal is the wellhead debris return in the delta t time.

Furthermore, the percentage of the returned rock debris reaching a preset value (such as 80%) can be defined as a safe drilling sign, and no additional sand cleaning operation is needed when the drilling operation is carried out;

in one embodiment, the drilling fluid solid phase cuttings size distribution (i.e., the degree of deviation of drilling cuttings size distribution) is a statistic of the diameter of the drilling fluid solid phase cuttings particles returning to the wellhead, and the diameter of the particles can be taken as the mean diameter of three axes of the particles, and a drilling fluid solid phase cuttings size distribution graph is drawn.

Further, the particle size distribution diagram of the drilling fluid solid-phase rock debris presents normal distribution in the normal drilling process. When the cleaning degree of the rock debris is lower, the rock debris granularity distribution diagram is in a left edge-to-edge form, and when the cleaning degree of the rock debris is higher, the rock debris granularity distribution diagram is in a right edge-to-edge form.

Further, referring to the following formula, the rock debris cleaning effect can be represented by the degree of the front deviation, the higher the degree of the front deviation is, the lower the rock debris cleaning efficiency is, and the higher the degree of the front deviation is, the higher the rock debris cleaning efficiency is.

Wherein: beta is the degree of the front; l is the offset distance; d₂The maximum diameter of the rock debris particles; d₁Is the smallest debris particle diameter.

In one embodiment, the hook load change is derived from an increase in solid fines in the wellbore as a result of repeated fragmentation of the cuttings, the greater the rate of hook load change, the lower the cuttings cleaning effect, see the equation below.

G₁＝Mg-ρ₁gV (11)

Wherein: eta is the change rate of hook load hanging weight; g₁Theoretical basis weight; m is the total mass of the drilling tool; rho₁Is the drilling fluid density; v is the total volume of the drilling tool; g_realIs the actual hanging weight.

In one embodiment, the above-mentioned matrix for the risk of bed height of rock debris is established, the abscissa may be the rate of change of hook load hanging weight, the ordinate may be the degree of deviation of rock debris particle size distribution, and the size of the matrix may be determined by the percentage of rock debris returned, and the matrix may be continuously reduced to the upper right as the percentage of rock debris returned becomes lower (as shown in fig. 6). The reduction ratio is as follows

Wherein: mu is a reduction ratio; alpha is alpha₁Is the actual percentage of rock debris returned.

In specific implementation, after the height risk grade of the detritus bed of each well section is determined according to the percentage of the returned detritus of the drilling well, the granularity distribution drift degree of the drilling detritus and the change rate of the hanging load of the drilling hook in the drilling process, different height risk grades of the detritus bed are associated with different detritus bed clearing schemes.

In an embodiment, associating different cuttings bed height risk levels with different cuttings bed clearing scenarios comprises:

associating a low cuttings bed height risk level with a cuttings bed clearing plan that increases drilling fluid displacement;

correlating the medium cuttings bed height risk level with cuttings bed clearing schemes that increase drilling fluid displacement and increase turntable rotational speed;

associating a high cuttings bed height risk level with a cuttings bed clearing plan for a retrograde wellbore;

the emergency cuttings bed height risk rating is correlated to a cuttings bed cleanup plan that adjusts the rheological properties of the drilling fluid.

In one embodiment, the height risk matrix of the rock debris bed is divided, and the height risk level of the rock debris bed associated with each divided height risk matrix of the rock debris bed is determined, which may specifically be:

the height risk matrix of the cutting bed is divided into 4 parts, and the dividing line of the 4 parts is 0.4, 1 and 1.6. In practical application, in order to face four risks, a cuttings bed clearing scheme of increasing discharge capacity, increasing discharge capacity + increasing rotating speed, reversely sliding a hole and adjusting rheological property of drilling fluid can be adopted to solve the problems.

In specific implementation, after associating different debris bed height risk levels with different debris bed clearing schemes, the correction data of the putting-in position of the debris cleaning tool of the well section and the debris bed clearing scheme associated with the debris bed height risk level of the well section are output for each well section.

As described above, the embodiment of the invention provides an integrated scheme of predicting the height of a horizontal well detritus bed before drilling, monitoring during drilling and clearing during drilling, which can be used for accurately predicting the height of the detritus bed before drilling, formulating a detritus clearing scheme, plugging in logging instrument information during drilling, analyzing the height of the detritus bed in real time, optimizing a combined detritus clearing means and solving the problem of accumulation of the horizontal well detritus bed.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a horizontal well debris bed treatment device, which is as described in the following embodiment. Because the principle of solving the problems of the device is similar to that of the horizontal well detritus bed treatment method, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the horizontal well detritus bed treatment method, and repeated parts are not repeated.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a horizontal well detritus bed processing device, which is used for improving the processing accuracy and processing efficiency of the horizontal well detritus bed, effectively solving the accumulation problem of the horizontal well detritus bed and improving the development benefit of the horizontal well, and as shown in figure 2, the device comprises:

the distribution form prediction module 201 of the detritus bed is used for predicting the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process according to the drilling engineering information of the horizontal well; the distribution form of the detritus bed in the whole drilling process is used for describing the predicted detritus accumulation and migration condition of the detritus bed of each well section;

the rock debris cleaning tool descending position prediction module 202 is used for predicting the descending position of the rock debris cleaning tool of each well section according to the distribution form of a rock debris bed in the whole drilling process;

the actual detritus bed height calculating module 203 is used for calculating the actual detritus bed height of each well section according to the logging data in the drilling process;

the rock debris cleaning tool descending position correction module 204 is used for correcting the predicted descending position of the rock debris cleaning tool of each well section according to the actual rock debris bed height of each well section to obtain correction data of the descending position of the rock debris cleaning tool of each well section;

the height risk grade determination module 205 for the detritus bed of the well section is used for determining the height risk grade of the detritus bed of each well section according to the percentage of the returned detritus of the drilling well, the granularity distribution deflection degree of the drilling detritus and the change rate of the hanging load of the drilling hook in the drilling process;

a cuttings bed clearing plan association module 206 for associating different cuttings bed height risk levels with different cuttings bed clearing plans;

and the data output module 207 is used for outputting the correction data of the rock debris cleaning tool descending position of the well section and the rock debris bed clearing scheme related to the rock debris bed height risk level of the well section aiming at each well section.

In one embodiment, the distribution shape prediction module of the cutting bed is specifically configured to:

In one embodiment, the module for determining a risk level of a formation bed height of a wellbore section is specifically configured to:

In one embodiment, the cutting bed clearing plan association module is specifically configured to:

A specific example is given below to illustrate a specific application of the device of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 6, the embodiment provides a scheme for integrated prediction, diagnosis and removal of a horizontal well debris bed, which can be used for accurately predicting the height of the debris bed before drilling and making a debris removal scheme. Logging instrument information can be accessed during drilling, the height of the detritus bed can be analyzed in real time, the detritus removing means can be optimized and combined, and the problem of horizontal well detritus bed accumulation can be solved.

The numbering in fig. 3, 4 and 6 is explained first as follows:

in the figure: the system comprises a debris bed prediction module, a logging instrument connection device, a central processing computer, a client computer, a normal particle size distribution curve, a high debris cleaning efficiency particle size distribution curve, a low debris cleaning efficiency particle size distribution curve, a drift distance, an initial debris bed height risk matrix, a 70% debris bed height risk matrix returned on debris, a sand cleaning low risk area, a sand cleaning medium risk area, a sand cleaning high risk area, and a sand cleaning emergency risk area, wherein the 1 is a debris bed prediction module, the 2 is the logging instrument, the 3 is the logging instrument connection device, the 4 is the central processing computer, the 5 is the client computer, the 6 is the normal particle size distribution curve, the 7 is the high debris cleaning efficiency particle size distribution curve, the 8 is the low debris cleaning efficiency particle size distribution curve, the 9 is the drift distance, the 10 is the initial debris bed height risk matrix, the 11 is the debris bed height risk matrix returned 70% on the debris, the 12 is the sand cleaning low risk area, the 13 is the sand cleaning medium risk area, the 14 is the sand cleaning high risk area, and the sand cleaning emergency risk area is the 15.

Referring to fig. 3, the device in this embodiment may work in combination with a logging unit, a logging unit connection device, a central processing computer, and a client computer, and may further form an integrated prediction, diagnosis and removal apparatus for horizontal well cuttings beds, which is described in detail as follows:

referring to fig. 3, the horizontal well cuttings bed integrated prediction, diagnosis and removal apparatus may include a cuttings bed prediction module 1 (i.e., the cuttings bed distribution form prediction module and the cuttings cleaning tool lowering position prediction module), a logging unit 2, a logging unit connection device 3, a central processing computer 4 (which may include the cuttings cleaning tool lowering position correction module, the cuttings bed height risk level determination module at the well section, the cuttings bed removal scheme association module, and the data output module), and a client computer 5.

Referring to fig. 3, the cutting bed prediction module 1 may be composed of a computer with numerical calculation capability, and may combine drilling engineering design data (i.e., the above-mentioned horizontal well drilling engineering information, such as well depth, well diameter, displacement, drilling fluid property, rate of penetration, drilling tool assembly, well inclination angle, and cutting density) based on a finite volume method, before drilling, calculate the cutting bed distribution form in the whole drilling process, and guide the design of the drilling position of the well cleaning tool.

Referring to fig. 3, in the debris bed prediction module 1 of the horizontal well debris bed integrated prediction diagnosis and removal device, the debris and the drilling fluid satisfy a mass conservation equation and a momentum conservation equation:

wherein alpha represents the volume fraction of the cuttings of the horizontal well section, and is dimensionless; rho_lIndicates the density of the drilling fluid in kg/m³；ρ_sDenotes the density of the rock debris, kg/m³；v_lIndicating drillingThe flow rate of the liquid, in m/s; v. of_sRepresenting the flow velocity of the rock debris particles in m/s; p represents the pressure of the drilling fluid in pa; s_mRepresenting the source item in pa;

Taking an intermediate variable W_l、W_s、W_PAnd a matrix F, the expressions of which are respectively:

Based on the finite volume method rock debris bed distribution calculation, the flux change of the conservation variables of the liquid phase, the solid phase and the mixed momentum term meets the following requirements:

step four: after discretization, the equation form is iterated:

liquid phase:

solid phase:

mixing phases:

subscripts i and old-i respectively represent parameter values of the i well section and old-i well section, and superscripts j and j +1 respectively represent parameter values of the t time and the t + delta t time well section; further, old-li represents the liquid phase intermediate variable W at the well section at the time j and i_lA value of (d); old-si represents a solid phase intermediate variable W at the well section at the time i_sA value of (d); old-Pi represents the intermediate variable W of pressure at the well section at the time i_pA value of (d); li represents the liquid phase intermediate variable W at the well section at the moment i of j +1_lA value of (d); si represents a solid phase intermediate variable W at the well section at the moment i of j +1_sA value of (d); pi represents the intermediate variable W of pressure at the i well section at the time j +1_pThe value of (c).

And updating the flux F in each grid within the time interval delta t, and then performing transverse calculation simulation by a time axis to obtain the rock debris accumulation and migration conditions in the whole drilling process.

Referring to fig. 3, the real-time logging data of the logging unit 2 in the horizontal well cuttings bed integrated prediction diagnosis and removal device may include: well depth, drilling rate, drilling fluid density, pump pressure, displacement, well bore structure, well bore trajectory, drill tool assembly, percent return cuttings, and cuttings size distribution.

Referring to fig. 3, the logging unit 2 in the horizontal well cuttings bed integrated prediction diagnosis and removal device can transmit acquired data to the central processing computer 4 in real time through the logging unit connection device 3 for operation processing.

Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 6, the real-time monitoring of the height of the cuttings bed in the horizontal well cuttings bed integrated prediction, diagnosis and removal device can comprise three parts, namely the percentage of returned cuttings, the particle size distribution of drilling fluid solid-phase cuttings and the change of hook load hanging weight.

Referring to fig. 3, the percent of returned cuttings is defined as the ratio of the mass of cuttings produced by drilling to the mass of cuttings returned from the wellhead. The percentage of the returned rock debris reaches 80 percent, which is a safe drilling sign, and no additional sand removal operation is needed when the drilling operation is carried out.

Referring to fig. 4, the diameter of the rock debris particles in the rock debris particle size distribution diagram is taken as the three-axis mean diameter, and the drilling fluid solid phase rock debris particle size distribution diagram shows a normal distribution 6 in the normal drilling process. When the cleaning degree of the rock debris is lower, the rock debris granularity distribution diagram is in a left edge-to-edge form 8, and when the cleaning degree of the rock debris is higher, the rock debris granularity distribution diagram is in a right edge-to-edge form 7.

Referring to fig. 4, the distribution of the rock debris particle size is a representation of the effectiveness of the rock debris cleaning in terms of the degree of offset, defined as the ratio of the offset 9 to the particle size span of the rock debris. The higher the degree of the left deflection front 8, the lower the rock debris cleaning efficiency, and the higher the degree of the right deflection front 7, the higher the rock debris cleaning efficiency.

Referring to fig. 3, the change in hook load suspended weight results from the increase in solid fines in the drilled well as a result of repeated fragmentation of the cuttings, the greater the rate of change in hook load suspended weight, the lower the cuttings cleaning effectiveness.

G₁＝Mg-ρ₁gV (11)

Referring to fig. 6, the abscissa is the change rate of the hook load hanging weight, the ordinate is the degree of deviation of the rock debris particle size distribution, the matrix size is determined by the percentage of the returned rock debris, and a rock debris bed height risk matrix 10 is established and is continuously reduced towards the upper right as the percentage of the returned rock debris becomes lower. When the height of the rock debris bed at 70% of the rock debris is returned to the risk matrix 11, the reduction ratio is as follows

Referring to fig. 7, the high risk matrix of the cutting bed according to the embodiment of the present invention may be established based on the risk classification method proposed in American Petroleum Institute (API) API 581 "risk-based inspection-basic resource document". In this example, the risk of a sequence of events can be defined as a ═ a · X + b · Y form, where a ═ 0.4 and b ═ 0.6. The dividing line is the value of A therein. The embodiment of the invention divides the height risk matrix of the cutting bed according to a numerical value obtained by a large amount of engineering practice, and the numerical value can be freely set by workers according to the actual condition of drilling.

Referring to fig. 6, the risk matrix of the height of the cutting bed can be divided into 4 parts, and the dividing line of the 4 parts is 0.4, 1 and 1.6. Facing different risks: the sand removal low risk area (namely the low detritus bed height risk grade area) 12 selects a sand removal mode to increase the discharge amount of drilling fluid; a sand cleaning mode of a risk area (namely the middle detritus bed height risk grade area) 13 in sand cleaning is selected to be the mode of increasing the drilling fluid discharge and increasing the rotating speed of the rotary table; the high risk zone of sand removal (i.e., the high risk level zone of the high detritus bed described above) 14 selects the sand removal mode as a reverse slip wellbore; the sand cleaning emergency risk area (namely the emergency detritus bed height risk grade area) 15 selects a sand cleaning mode to adjust the rheological property of the drilling fluid and increase the rock carrying capacity of the drilling fluid.

Referring to fig. 6, comparing the left and right images, the area of the sand removal low risk area in the lower left corner is reduced, the area of the middle risk area is reduced, and the sand removal high risk area is changed into a hexagonal area while the area of the emergency risk area is unchanged. The reason for this is that the coordinate axis moves generally to the right and upward, resulting in this effect. As the percentage of debris returned to the debris becomes lower, the same risk of sand removal is achieved requiring only minor changes in the hanging weight and debris drift.

Referring to fig. 3, the central processing computer 4 performs the evaluation of the height of the cutting bed and the drilling risk in real time and compares the evaluation with the predicted cutting bed height curve to optimize the cutting cleaning tool lowering position.

Referring to fig. 3, in the horizontal well cuttings bed integrated prediction diagnosis clearing device, risk matrix calculation is completed in the central processing computer 4, and cuttings cleaning scheme design is completed, and the cuttings processing scheme generated by the central processing computer 4 is transmitted to the client computer 5 for guiding on-site cuttings cleaning operation.

The integrated prediction diagnosis clearing matching scheme of the horizontal well debris bed comprises the following steps:

1. the computer inputs the information of the drilling engineering, calculates the distribution form of the detritus bed of the whole well section, designs the descending position of the detritus cleaning tool and transmits the position to the central processing computer;

2. the logging instrument is connected to a central processing computer to perform real-time risk assessment on the detritus bed, perform sand cleaning scheme designation, compare the sand cleaning scheme designation with the predicted detritus bed distribution, and optimize the dropping position of the detritus cleaning tool;

3. and the central processing computer transmits the generated rock debris clearing scheme and the tool putting scheme to the client computer in real time, and the drilling site tool construction scheme carries out sand cleaning operation.

In the embodiment, the scheme for predicting, diagnosing and clearing the integrated horizontal well detritus bed is realized, and the method has the greatest advantages that the method integrates pre-drilling simulation prediction, diagnosis and evaluation during drilling, rock clearing operation tools and rock clearing operation guidance, solves the problem of detritus migration of a horizontal well section, and reduces drilling risks caused by accumulation of the detritus bed in the drilling process of the horizontal well; the rock debris bed prediction is used for accurately predicting the height and the position of the rock debris bed before drilling, and the arrangement design of a rock debris cleaning tool of a rock debris deposition well section is carried out; the logging instrument connection device collects transmission data in real time, the central processing computer calculates and analyzes the distribution form of the detritus bed in real time and outputs the distribution form to the client computer, and a calculation result is output in real time. The effects of reducing the friction resistance torque and the drill sticking risk of the horizontal section, improving the mechanical drilling speed and further improving the development benefit of the horizontal well are achieved.

Of course, it is understood that other variations of the above-described detailed modules may be made, and all such variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Based on the above inventive concept, as shown in fig. 5, the present invention further provides a computer device 500, which includes a memory 510, a processor 520, and a computer program 530 stored in the memory 510 and executable on the processor 520, wherein the processor 520 executes the computer program 530 to implement the horizontal well cuttings bed processing method.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal well detritus bed treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein predicting the distribution profile of the formation bed during the entire drilling process based on horizontal well drilling engineering information comprises:

3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a bed height risk rating for each interval based on a percentage of drill cuttings returned during drilling, a degree of drilling cuttings size distribution bias, and a rate of change in hook load overhang during drilling comprises:

4. The method of claim 1, wherein correlating different cuttings bed height risk levels to different cuttings bed clearance scenarios comprises:

5. The utility model provides a horizontal well detritus bed processing apparatus which characterized in that includes:

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the formation bed distribution profile prediction module is specifically configured to:

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the cuttings bed height risk rating module of the wellbore section is specifically configured to:

8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the cuttings bed clearing plan association module is specifically configured to:

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of claims 1 to 4.

11. A computer program product, characterized in that the computer program product comprises a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.