CN112456042A - Debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of debris conveying - Google Patents
Debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of debris conveying Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G33/00—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors
- B65G33/08—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors for fluent solid materials
- B65G33/14—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors for fluent solid materials comprising a screw or screws enclosed in a tubular housing
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- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G17/00—Apparatus for or methods of weighing material of special form or property
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G23/00—Auxiliary devices for weighing apparatus
- G01G23/01—Testing or calibrating of weighing apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock debris bed early warning method based on rock debris conveying and real-time weighing, which comprises the following steps of: 1. calculating the real-time production of the rock debris at the bottom of the well and generating a curve of the real-time production of the rock debris at the bottom of the well; 2. conveying the rock debris returned from the well bottom to the well head in real time by using a screw conveyor, weighing the weight of the rock debris in real time in the conveying process, and generating a rock debris real-time return output curve according to the weight of the rock debris weighed in real time; 3. normalizing the bottom hole rock debris real-time production curve and the rock debris real-time return curve to the same coordinate system; 4. comparing the weight of the rock debris returned at different moments with the weight of the rock debris generated at the bottom of the well at the corresponding moment in real time, and calculating the returning proportion of the rock debris at different moments; 5. and determining whether early warning needs to be provided according to the return-out proportion. The invention can effectively pre-warn and pre-judge the condition of the rock debris at the well bottom by comparing the weight of the rock debris generated at the well bottom in real time with the weight of the returned rock debris, is beneficial to engineering technicians to make measures in time and reduces underground accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a detritus bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of detritus conveying.
Background
Along with the continuous propulsion of shale gas exploration and development, major displacement wells and horizontal wells in Sichuan Yu areas, particularly three-dimensional cluster horizontal wells, are greatly increased, wherein 90% of horizontal wells for shale gas deployment are three-dimensional horizontal wells, and horizontal sections are longer and longer. In the well drilling of the horizontal well, detritus beds are easily formed at the positions of the lower well wall of the large-inclination section and the horizontal well section to be accumulated, so that friction resistance and torque are greatly increased, complex conditions such as drill sticking, pump holding and the like can be caused, the service life of a drilling tool and drilling safety are seriously influenced, and the engineering delay cost is increased. Meanwhile, the problems of difficult well logging tool running, difficult casing well cementing, poor well cementing quality and the like can be caused due to insufficient well cleaning. By 2018, 35 rotary guide tools are buried in wells in Chongqing areas of middle petroleum, the well burying rate is as high as 7%, and Changning-Showtong blocks, Weiyuan blocks and Yugong blocks are distributed in the well burying areas.
Therefore, a new technology for carrying out early warning and judgment on the detritus bed in the drilling process needs to be researched, so that a disposal measure can be made in time according to the pre-judgment on the detritus bed at the bottom of a well, and the aim of effectively guaranteeing the safety and the drilling efficiency of long-horizontal-section drilling is fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problems in the prior art and provides a debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of debris conveying.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rock debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of rock debris conveying is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 4, in a normalized coordinate system, comparing the weight of the rock debris returned at different moments with the weight of the rock debris generated at the bottom of the well at corresponding moments in real time, and calculating the returning proportion of the rock debris at different moments;
and 5, comparing the return ratio with a set value, and providing early warning if the return ratio exceeds the set value.
In the step 1, the calculation method of the volume of the bottom hole rock debris generated in real time comprises the following steps:
V=πR2St/4
in the formula, V represents the volume of the bottom hole rock debris generated in real time, R represents the diameter of a drill bit, S represents the mechanical rotation speed of the drill bit, n represents the number of screw pitches of a screw shaft in a drilling screw conveyor, and t represents the time for the screw shaft to rotate for n turns.
The method for calculating the real-time rock debris generation amount at the bottom of the well comprises the following steps:
M=Vp
in the formula, M represents the real-time production amount of the rock debris at the bottom of the well, V represents the real-time production volume of the rock debris at the bottom of the well, and p represents the density of the rock debris of the stratum at the bottom of the well.
In the step 2, the weight of the rock debris is weighed in real time by taking the number of rotation turns of the screw shaft of the screw conveyor as a basis in the conveying process, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, when weighing starts, firstly, acquiring the number of rotation turns of the screw shaft through the screw detector or the rotating speed device, and in the acquisition process, when the number of the rotation turns of the screw shaft is equal to the number value of the screw pitch of the screw shaft, counting the rotation turns as one rotation period, then resetting the number of the rotation turns to zero and accumulating again, and dividing the next rotation period to obtain a plurality of continuous rotation periods;
s2, acquiring the initial weight of the spiral conveyor at the starting moment and the real-time weight of the spiral conveyor at the ending moment of each rotation period through a weight sensor, calibrating the initial weight and the real-time weight, calculating the weight of rock debris returned at the ending moment of each rotation period according to the calibrated initial weight and the real-time weight, and realizing real-time weighing of the weight of the rock debris; between two adjacent rotation periods, the real-time weight of the screw conveyor at the end moment of the previous rotation period is the initial weight at the start moment of the next rotation period, and the rock debris in the previous rotation period is automatically output from the discharge hole of the screw conveyor at the start moment of the next rotation period.
In step S2, while the initial weight and the real-time weight are obtained, the vibration acceleration in the longitudinal direction of the screw conveyor at the corresponding time is obtained by the vibration sensor, and then the initial weight and the real-time weight are respectively calibrated according to the vibration acceleration, where the specific calibration method is as follows:
G=G0*g/（g±g1）
in the formula, G represents the weight after calibration, G0 represents the weight before calibration, G represents the gravitational acceleration, and G1 represents the vibration acceleration in the longitudinal direction.
In the step S1, in the process of weighing the weight of the rock debris in real time, if the number of the rotation turns of the screw shaft acquired at the moment of finishing weighing is not equal to the number of the screw pitches of the screw shaft, the last rotation period is an incomplete rotation period, and at this time, the real-time weight of the screw conveyor at the moment of finishing the previous rotation period is used as the initial weight of the incomplete rotation period, and the weight of the rock debris returned by the incomplete rotation period at the moment of finishing weighing can be calculated by combining the real-time weight of the screw conveyor at the moment of finishing weighing and the acquired number of the rotation turns.
The method for calculating the weight of the rock debris returned by the incomplete rotation period at the moment of finishing weighing comprises the following steps:
F1=m/n*（G2-G1）
in the formula, F1 represents the weight of the returned rock debris at the weighing end time, n represents the number of screw pitches of a screw shaft in the drilling screw conveyor, m represents the number of rotation turns acquired at the weighing end time, G2 represents the real-time weight after the calibration at the weighing end time, G1 represents the initial weight after the calibration at the incomplete rotation period start time, and the initial weight after the calibration is the real-time weight after the calibration at the previous rotation period end time.
In the step 5, when the return ratio is larger than a set value, indicating that a well wall collapse phenomenon possibly occurs underground, and sending out an early warning; and when the return proportion is smaller than a set value, the rock debris is accumulated at the bottom of the well, and early warning is given out.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention can effectively pre-warn and pre-judge the condition of the rock debris at the well bottom by comparing the weight of the rock debris generated at the well bottom in real time with the real-time returning weight of the rock debris, is beneficial to engineering technicians to make measures in time, reduces underground accidents, improves the drilling efficiency and the safety, is suitable for various drilling environments, and has wide application prospect.
2. The invention can weigh the rock debris weight at different moments in real time in the conveying process, can realize real-time online accurate weighing and metering of the rock debris returned from the drilling well from any moment, can record and store the rock debris weight value of each time point, can meet different monitoring requirements of field operators, and provides an effective basis for distinguishing the well bottom rock debris condition.
3. The invention can realize the refitting of field equipment by simply adding a plurality of sensors, has strong adaptability and can simply and economically refit the field.
4. According to the invention, the rock debris weight sampling value of the discrete point is adopted to describe the rock debris weight at the end moment of each whole rotation period, and the control interference on the feeding port and the discharging port is not needed, so that the anti-interference capability is strong, and the weight value of the rock debris at the end moment can be obtained at high precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Labeled as: 1. the device comprises a screw conveyor, 2, a screw shaft, 3, a feeding hole, 4, a discharging hole, 5, a weight sensor, 6, a vibration sensor, 7, a screw detector, 8, a rotating speed device, 9 and a supporting column.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a rock debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of rock debris conveying, which is characterized in that rock debris is conveyed based on a spiral conveyor 1, and meanwhile, a weight sensor 5 for acquiring the weight of the spiral conveyor 1, a vibration sensor 6 for acquiring the vibration acceleration of the spiral conveyor 1 in the longitudinal direction and a spiral detector 7/a rotating speed device 8 for acquiring the number of turns of a spiral shaft 2 are arranged to realize real-time weighing of the rock debris in the conveying process. Specifically, the structure of the spiral conveyor can be as shown in fig. 1, the spiral conveyor 1 comprises a spiral shaft 2, a feeding port 3 and a discharging port 4, wherein the feeding port 3 and the discharging port 4 are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of two ends of the spiral shaft 2 and are used for feeding and discharging rock debris; the spiral conveyor 1 is respectively fixed on two bases (not shown in the figure) through two support columns 9, and the number of the weight sensors 5 is two, and the two weight sensors are respectively arranged below the support columns 9 on the two bases; the weight of the screw conveyor 1 is the sum of the two weight sensors 5 during measurement; the vibration sensor 6 is fixed on one of the support columns 9; when the spiral detector 7 is adopted to collect the number of rotation turns, the spiral detector 7 is arranged above the spiral shaft 2, and the number of rotation turns is collected by non-contact signals such as laser and the like; when the rotating speed device 8 is used for collecting the number of rotating turns, the rotating speed device 8 is arranged on the rotating shaft of the spiral conveyor 1. In addition, the weight sensor 5, the vibration sensor 6, the spiral detector 7 and the speed rotator 8 are all connected with a processor of a well site control center, and information collection, calculation and the like involved in the invention can be processed by the processor of the well site control center.
The debris bed early warning method comprises the following steps:
The method for calculating the volume of the bottom hole rock debris generated in real time comprises the following steps:
V=πR2St/4
in the formula, V represents the volume of the bottom hole rock debris generated in real time, R represents the diameter of a drill bit, S represents the mechanical rotation speed of the drill bit, n represents the number of screw pitches of a screw shaft in a drilling screw conveyor, and t represents the time for the screw shaft to rotate for n turns. The drill diameter R, the mechanical rotation speed S of the drill, the number n of screw pitches of the screw shaft and the time t for the screw shaft to rotate for n turns are all known drilling parameters. The number of screw pitches of the screw shaft refers to the number of intervals between screw teeth on the screw shaft, and specific data can be obtained according to the screw shaft which is actually used.
After the volume of the real-time generation of the bottom hole rock debris is obtained, the bottom hole real-time rock debris generation amount is calculated by combining the density of the bottom hole stratum rock debris, and the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
M=Vp
in the formula, M represents the real-time production amount of the rock debris at the bottom of the well, V represents the real-time production volume of the rock debris at the bottom of the well, and p represents the density of the rock debris of the stratum at the bottom of the well.
And 2, conveying the rock debris returned to the wellhead from the well bottom in real time by using the screw conveyor 1, weighing the weight of the rock debris in real time in the conveying process, and generating a rock debris real-time return output curve according to the weight of the rock debris weighed in real time.
In the step, the weight of the rock debris is weighed in real time by taking the number of rotation turns of the screw shaft 2 of the screw conveyor 1 as a basis in the conveying process, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, when weighing starts, acquiring the number of rotation turns of the screw shaft 2 through the screw detector 7 or the rotating speed device 8, and adding 1 to the number of the rotation turns when the screw shaft 2 rotates for one turn. In the acquisition process, each time the number of the rotating circles of the screw shaft 2 is equal to the number of the screw pitches of the screw shaft 2, the rotating circles are counted to be one rotating period, then the rotating circles are reset to zero and are accumulated again, the next rotating period is divided, and therefore a plurality of continuous rotating periods are obtained.
S2, acquiring the initial weight and the real-time weight of the spiral conveyor 1 at the starting moment and the ending moment of each rotation period through the weight sensor 5, calibrating after acquiring the initial weight and the real-time weight, and calculating the weight of rock debris returned at the ending moment of each rotation period according to the calibrated initial weight and the real-time weight to realize real-time weighing of the weight of the rock debris; between two adjacent rotation periods, the real-time weight of the screw conveyor 1 at the end moment of the previous rotation period is the initial weight at the start moment of the next rotation period, and the rock debris in the previous rotation period is automatically output from the discharge hole 4 of the screw conveyor 1 at the start moment of the next rotation period.
In step S2, while the initial weight and the real-time weight are obtained, the vibration sensor 6 obtains the vibration acceleration of the screw conveyor 1 in the longitudinal direction at the corresponding time, and then the initial weight and the real-time weight are respectively calibrated according to the vibration acceleration at the corresponding time, where the specific calibration method is as follows:
G=G0*g/（g±g1）
in the formula, G represents the weight after calibration, G0 represents the weight before calibration, G represents the gravitational acceleration, and G1 represents the vibration acceleration in the longitudinal direction.
In the step S1, in the process of weighing the weight of the rock debris in real time, if the number of the rotation turns of the screw shaft 2 collected at the moment of finishing weighing is not equal to the number of the screw pitches of the screw shaft 2, the last rotation period is an incomplete rotation period, the real-time weight of the screw conveyor 1 at the moment of finishing the previous rotation period is used as the initial weight of the incomplete rotation period, and the weight of the rock debris returned by the incomplete rotation period at the moment of finishing weighing can be calculated by combining the real-time weight of the screw conveyor 1 at the moment of finishing weighing and the collected number of the rotation turns. Wherein, the initial weight and the real-time weight involved in the step are calibrated weights.
Further, the method for calculating the weight of the rock debris returned by the incomplete rotation period at the moment of finishing weighing comprises the following steps:
F1=m/n*（G2-G1）
in the formula, F1 represents the weight of the returned rock debris at the weighing end time, n represents the number of screw pitches of a screw shaft in the drilling screw conveyor, m represents the number of rotation turns acquired at the weighing end time, G2 represents the real-time weight after the calibration at the weighing end time, G1 represents the initial weight after the calibration at the incomplete rotation period start time, and the initial weight after the calibration is the real-time weight after the calibration at the previous rotation period end time.
And 3, setting the time T for the rock debris to return from the bottom of the well to the spiral conveyor 1 in real time, carrying out coordinate translation on the lag time T of the rock debris real-time return quantity curve on a time axis, and normalizing the bottom-well rock debris real-time production quantity curve and the rock debris real-time return quantity curve to the same coordinate system.
And 4, comparing the weight of the rock debris returned at different moments with the weight of the rock debris generated at the bottom of the well at corresponding moments in real time in a normalized coordinate system, and calculating the returning proportion of the rock debris at different moments. The weight of the rock debris returned at different times is preferably the weight of the rock debris returned at the end time of each rotation period.
In this step, the weight of the rock debris returned at a certain time is set to be F0, and the return ratio is set to be K, then K = F0/M.
And 5, comparing the return-out ratio with a set value, and providing early warning if the return-out ratio at a certain moment exceeds the set value. Specifically, when the back-out ratio is larger than a set value, namely K is larger than 1, the phenomenon of well wall collapse possibly occurs underground, and early warning is sent out; when the return ratio is smaller than a set value, namely K is smaller than 1, the rock debris is accumulated at the bottom of the well, and early warning is given out. And the early warning is used for providing guidance for ground personnel in time in the later construction.
Finally, the applicant verifies the weighing precision of the rock debris weight weighed in real time in the conveying process in the step 2, tests are carried out for 1 hour from any moment, meanwhile, a storage tank is arranged at a discharge port 4 for collection and verification, and finally, the two are compared, so that the real-time weighing method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the precision can reach 1%, the precision is high, the rock debris bed early warning method based on the rock debris conveying real-time weighing can also obtain an accurate structure, and a basis can be effectively provided for the early warning of the well bottom rock debris condition.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (7)
1. A rock debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of rock debris conveying is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calculating the real-time volume of the bottom hole rock debris according to the drilling parameters, calculating the real-time bottom hole rock debris yield according to the real-time volume of the bottom hole rock debris and the density of the bottom hole stratum rock debris, and generating a bottom hole rock debris real-time yield curve according to the real-time bottom hole rock debris yield;
step 2, conveying the rock debris returned to the wellhead from the well bottom in real time by using a screw conveyor, weighing the weight of the rock debris in real time in the conveying process, and then generating a rock debris real-time return output curve according to the weight of the rock debris weighed in real time;
step 3, setting the time of the real-time returning of the rock debris from the well bottom to the spiral conveyor as T, firstly carrying out coordinate translation on the lag time T of the real-time rock debris returning quantity curve on a time axis, and normalizing the real-time rock debris generating quantity curve of the well bottom and the real-time rock debris returning quantity curve to the same coordinate system;
step 4, in a normalized coordinate system, comparing the weight of the rock debris returned at different moments with the weight of the rock debris generated at the bottom of the well at corresponding moments in real time, and calculating the returning proportion of the rock debris at different moments;
and 5, comparing the return ratio with a set value, and providing early warning if the return ratio exceeds the set value.
2. The debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of debris conveying as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the calculation method of the volume of the bottom hole rock debris generated in real time comprises the following steps:
V=πR2St/4
in the formula, V represents the volume of the real-time generated rock debris at the bottom of a well, R represents the diameter of a drill bit, S represents the mechanical rotating speed of the drill bit, n represents the number of screw pitches of a screw shaft in a drilling screw conveyor, and t represents the time of rotating the screw shaft for n circles;
the method for calculating the real-time rock debris generation amount at the bottom of the well comprises the following steps:
M=Vp
in the formula, M represents the real-time production amount of the rock debris at the bottom of the well, V represents the real-time production volume of the rock debris at the bottom of the well, and p represents the density of the rock debris of the stratum at the bottom of the well.
3. The debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of debris transportation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 2, the weight of the rock debris is weighed in real time by taking the number of rotation turns of the screw shaft of the screw conveyor as a basis in the conveying process, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, when weighing starts, firstly, acquiring the number of rotation turns of the screw shaft through the screw detector or the rotating speed device, and in the acquisition process, when the number of the rotation turns of the screw shaft is equal to the number value of the screw pitch of the screw shaft, counting the rotation turns as one rotation period, then resetting the number of the rotation turns to zero and accumulating again, and dividing the next rotation period to obtain a plurality of continuous rotation periods;
s2, acquiring the initial weight of the spiral conveyor at the starting moment and the real-time weight of the spiral conveyor at the ending moment of each rotation period through a weight sensor, calibrating the initial weight and the real-time weight, calculating the weight of rock debris returned at the ending moment of each rotation period according to the calibrated initial weight and the real-time weight, and realizing real-time weighing of the weight of the rock debris; between two adjacent rotation periods, the real-time weight of the screw conveyor at the end moment of the previous rotation period is the initial weight at the start moment of the next rotation period, and the rock debris in the previous rotation period is automatically output from the discharge hole of the screw conveyor at the start moment of the next rotation period.
4. The debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of debris conveying as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in step S2, while the initial weight and the real-time weight are obtained, the vibration acceleration in the longitudinal direction of the screw conveyor at the corresponding time is obtained by the vibration sensor, and then the initial weight and the real-time weight are respectively calibrated according to the vibration acceleration, where the specific calibration method is as follows:
G=G0*g/（g±g1）
in the formula, G represents the weight after calibration, G0 represents the weight before calibration, G represents the gravitational acceleration, and G1 represents the vibration acceleration in the longitudinal direction.
5. The debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of debris conveying as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the step S1, in the process of weighing the weight of the rock debris in real time, if the number of the rotation turns of the screw shaft acquired at the moment of finishing weighing is not equal to the number of the screw pitches of the screw shaft, the last rotation period is an incomplete rotation period, and at this time, the real-time weight of the screw conveyor at the moment of finishing the previous rotation period is used as the initial weight of the incomplete rotation period, and the weight of the rock debris returned by the incomplete rotation period at the moment of finishing weighing can be calculated by combining the real-time weight of the screw conveyor at the moment of finishing weighing and the acquired number of the rotation turns.
6. The debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of debris conveying as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the method for calculating the weight of the rock debris returned by the incomplete rotation period at the moment of finishing weighing comprises the following steps:
F1=m/n*（G2-G1）
in the formula, F1 represents the weight of the returned rock debris at the weighing end time, n represents the number of screw pitches of a screw shaft in the drilling screw conveyor, m represents the number of rotation turns acquired at the weighing end time, G2 represents the real-time weight after the calibration at the weighing end time, G1 represents the initial weight after the calibration at the incomplete rotation period start time, and the initial weight after the calibration is the real-time weight after the calibration at the previous rotation period end time.
7. The debris bed early warning method based on real-time weighing of debris conveying as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 5, when the return ratio is larger than a set value, indicating that a well wall collapse phenomenon possibly occurs underground, and sending out an early warning; and when the return proportion is smaller than a set value, the rock debris is accumulated at the bottom of the well, and early warning is given out.
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| CN114382427A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Horizontal well debris bed treatment method and device |
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