CN114378539A - Processing method of metal curved foot - Google Patents
Processing method of metal curved foot Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114378539A CN114378539A CN202210057296.5A CN202210057296A CN114378539A CN 114378539 A CN114378539 A CN 114378539A CN 202210057296 A CN202210057296 A CN 202210057296A CN 114378539 A CN114378539 A CN 114378539A
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- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- section
- metal
- reducing
- bent
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of a metal curved pin, which comprises the steps of selecting a metal pipe to cut off; putting one end of the metal pipe into a pipe reducing machine to carry out secondary pipe reducing; stamping a transition section between the secondary pipe reducing section and the non-pipe reducing section into a step surface; adding a first core rod into the secondary pipe shrinkage section in the curved leg, flattening, and carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the curved leg; fixing one end of the bent pin, punching the other end of the bent pin to enable one end of the bent pin to move downwards, and punching the middle transition section by using the straight pipe to form an s-shaped bent pipe; the thread rolling machine is used for processing threads at two ends of the curved pin, so that when the curved pin is flattened, the roundness and the straightness of a non-flattened section of the secondary reduced pipe section can be guaranteed, the processed threads are full, the torsion is guaranteed, the internal stress generated in the previous process can be eliminated by adding the solution treatment after the flattening process, and the dislocation forming of the subsequent process is guaranteed not to generate deformation and cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal pipeline processing, in particular to a processing method of a metal curved pin.
Background
The existing bent leg made of metal tube is generally made of: preparing a stainless steel pipe, annealing the stainless steel pipe firstly, extruding the annealed stainless steel pipe in a plurality of different dies in sequence to obtain a bent foot rough blank, and rolling, machining and polishing the bent foot rough blank respectively to obtain a bent foot finished product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a method for processing a metal curved pin, which avoids the defects caused by a multi-die multi-step extrusion method.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a metal curved foot, comprising the steps of:
a. selecting a metal pipe as a curved base material, and cutting the metal pipe into pieces in fixed length;
b. putting one end of the metal pipe into a pipe reducing machine for carrying out first pipe reducing;
c. putting the same end of the metal pipe subjected to the first pipe reducing into the pipe reducing machine again for second pipe reducing to form a second pipe reducing section, wherein the other end of the second pipe reducing section is an unreduced section;
d. shaping a transition section between the secondary pipe reducing section and the non-pipe reducing section, and stamping the transition section into a step surface;
e. adding a first core rod into the secondary reducing pipe section in the curved leg, and flattening the secondary reducing pipe section, wherein the flattening position is close to one side of the step surface;
f. carrying out solution heat treatment on the bent pin;
g. fixing one end of the bent pin, punching the other end of the bent pin to enable one end of the bent pin to move downwards, and punching the middle transition section by using the straight pipe to form an s-shaped bent pipe;
h. and (4) performing thread machining on two ends of the bent pin by using a thread rolling machine.
The processing method of the metal curved foot has at least the following beneficial effects: the first core rod is added into the secondary pipe reducing section in the curved leg, the secondary pipe reducing section of the metal pipe is flattened, the flattening position is close to one side of the step surface, the upper flattening surface and the lower flattening surface are parallel, the roundness and the straightness of the non-flattened section of the secondary pipe reducing section can be guaranteed when the secondary pipe reducing section is flattened, the machined thread is full, the torsion is guaranteed, the internal stress generated in the previous process can be eliminated by adding the solid solution treatment after the flattening process, and the deformation and the cracks can not be generated in the dislocation forming of the subsequent process.
According to the processing method of the metal curved pin in the first aspect of the invention, the inner corners and the outer corners of the two end surfaces of the metal pipe are chamfered after the step a, so that the thread processing is convenient.
According to the processing method of the metal curved foot in the first aspect of the invention, after the step d, a second core rod is introduced into the inner hole of the secondary pipe reducing section to carry out rounding, so that the roundness of the inner hole is improved.
According to the processing method of the metal curved foot in the first aspect of the invention, the upper and lower flat punching surfaces in the step e are flat surfaces, so as to provide a position for twisting a wrench.
According to the processing method of the metal curved pin in the first aspect of the invention, the heat preservation temperature of the solution treatment in the step f is 1050 ℃ or higher, so that the solution treatment effect is improved.
According to the processing method of the metal curved foot in the first aspect of the invention, in the step g, the fixed position of the curved foot is an unshrundown section, so that the deformation of a bent pipe in the unshrundown section and a secondary necking section is avoided.
According to the processing method of the metal curved foot in the first aspect of the invention, in the step g, the curved foot is provided with the bending supporting points in a staggered forming mode, and the bending supporting points are arranged on the secondary pipe reducing section close to the step surface, so that the deformation of the bent pipe of the non-pipe reducing section and the secondary pipe reducing section is avoided.
According to the processing method of the metal curved foot, in the step g, the curved foot is formed in a staggered mode, the angle between the non-reduced pipe section and the secondary reduced pipe section is larger than 180 degrees, the metal pipe can rebound after being stamped and deformed, the bending angle is increased, and the allowance of the rebound can be guaranteed.
According to the processing method of the metal curved pin in the first aspect of the invention, after the step h, the two end surfaces of the curved pin are turned, so that the length of the metal curved pin meets the requirement.
The metal curved pin according to the second aspect of the present invention comprises the processing method of any one of the above metal curved pins;
the outer circle surface of the non-reduced pipe section is provided with threads;
the outer circle surface of the secondary pipe reducing section is provided with threads, the unshrundown section is parallel to the central axis of the secondary pipe reducing section, and the unshrundown section and the secondary pipe reducing section are not on the same axis;
the transition section is connected with the unshrundown section and the secondary shrinkage section, and the interior of the transition section is hollow.
The metal curved foot has at least the following beneficial effects: has the same physical properties as the curved leg of the casting, lower cost and higher production efficiency.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples;
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of manufacturing a metal curved leg;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of manufacturing a metal curved leg;
FIG. 3A is a structural view of a steel pipe with a metal bent leg;
FIG. 3B is a view showing a configuration of a metal curved leg after the tube assembly is shaped;
FIG. 3C is a view of a flattened configuration of a metal curved leg;
FIG. 4A is a schematic view of a metal curved leg after being formed in a staggered manner;
fig. 4B is a structural view of a metal bent leg after a thread is machined.
Reference numerals:
a metal tube 10; an unshrundown section 11; a step surface 12; a secondary pipe reduction section 13; flattening by 14; a transition section 15; a bending support point 16; threads 17.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions. It is to be understood that the following description is only exemplary, and not a specific limitation of the invention.
Fig. 1 to 4B illustrate a method for processing a metal curved foot according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the following steps S100 to S800:
and S100, selecting the metal tube 10 as a curved base material, and cutting to a fixed length.
For example, a steel pipe is selected as a material of the curved leg, and a desired length is selected and cut with a cutter.
Illustratively, the copper tube is selected as the material of the curved leg, and the desired length is selected and cut using a cutting machine.
S200, putting one end of the metal pipe 10 into a pipe reducing machine for first pipe reducing.
Illustratively, one end of the cut metal tube 10 is placed in a tube reducing machine to reduce the tube.
S300, putting one end which is subjected to the first pipe reducing into the pipe reducing machine again for second pipe reducing to form a second pipe reducing section 13, wherein the other end is an unshrundown section 11.
Illustratively, one end of the metal pipe 10 passing through the first pipe reducing is put into the pipe reducing machine again for second pipe reducing to form a second pipe reducing section 13, so as to avoid the metal pipe 10 from generating cracks or deformation due to the fact that the first pipe reducing amount is too large.
S400, shaping a transition section between the secondary pipe reducing section 13 and the non-pipe reducing section 11, and stamping the transition section into a step surface 12.
Illustratively, a metal curved pin is placed into a stamping device, a die stamps a transition section between the secondary reducing section 13 and the non-reducing section 11, the transition section is stamped into a step surface 12, and the step surface 12 is perpendicular to the non-reducing section 11, so that a positioning reference is provided for the following dislocation forming process.
S500, adding a first core rod into the secondary reducing pipe section 13 in the curved leg, and flattening the secondary reducing pipe section, wherein the position of the flattening 14 is the side close to the step surface.
Illustratively, a first core rod is added into the secondary reducing section 13 in the curved leg, the secondary reducing section of the metal pipe is flattened, the flattening 14 is positioned at one side close to the step surface, the upper flattening 14 and the lower flattening 14 are parallel, and when the secondary reducing section is flattened, the roundness and the straightness of a non-flattened section of the secondary reducing section can be ensured, so that the processed thread is full, and the torsion is ensured.
And S600, carrying out solid solution heat treatment on the bent pin.
For example, the processed metal bent foot is subjected to solution treatment, so that the internal stress of stamping processing is eliminated, the workpiece is prevented from cracking and deforming due to the internal stress in the dislocation forming process of the subsequent process, and the corrosion resistance of the workpiece is improved.
S700, one end of the bent pin is fixed, the other end of the bent pin is punched, one end of the bent pin is displaced downwards, and the middle transition section 15 is punched into an S-shaped bent pipe through a straight pipe.
Illustratively, one end of a curved pin is fixed through a tool, the other end of the curved pin is bent and stamped, one end of the curved pin is displaced downwards, and the middle transition section 15 is stamped into an s-shaped bent pipe through a straight pipe.
And S800, performing thread machining on two ends of the bent pin by using a thread rolling machine.
Illustratively, the thread rolling machine is used to thread the outer circumferential surfaces of both ends of the curved leg.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first core rod is added into the secondary reducing section in the curved leg, the secondary reducing section of the metal pipe is flattened, the flattening position is close to one side of the step surface, the upper flattening surface and the lower flattening surface are parallel, the roundness and the straightness of the non-flattened section of the secondary reducing section can be ensured when the metal pipe is flattened, the processed thread is full, the torsion is ensured, the internal stress generated in the previous process can be eliminated by adding the solid solution treatment after the flattening process, and the deformation and the cracks can not be generated in the dislocation forming of the subsequent process.
According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, step S110 is added after step S100 to chamfer the inner and outer corners of the two end surfaces of the metal pipe 10, and the chamfered metal pipe 10 has a guiding function for subsequent machining, so as to facilitate thread machining and rounding machining.
According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 to 3c, the upper and lower flat surfaces 14 of step e are flat surfaces, which provide a location for twisting the wrench, thereby facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the curved leg.
According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3c, in the flattening process in step S500, a second core rod is added to the secondary pipe-reducing section 13 in the curved leg, and then the flattening process is performed to prevent the flattening process from deforming the entire section of the secondary pipe-reducing section 13 by stamping, so as to ensure the roundness of one end of the secondary pipe-reducing section 13.
According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the heat-retaining temperature of the solution treatment in the S600 step is 1050 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 4A and 4B, the curved leg is fixed to the non-reduced pipe section 11 in step S700, so as to prevent the deformation of the bent pipe in the non-reduced pipe section 11 and the secondary reduced pipe section 13.
According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 4A and 4B, in step S700, the bending support point 16 is formed by offset forming of the curved leg, and the bending support point 16 is disposed on the secondary pipe reducing section 13 at a position close to the step surface 12, so as to avoid the deformation of the bent pipe in the non-pipe reducing section 11 when the non-pipe reducing section 11 is used as the bending support point during pipe bending.
According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 4A and 4B, in the step S700, the bent leg is formed in a staggered manner, the angle between the unretracted section 11 and the secondary contracted section 13 is greater than 180 °, the metal pipe 10 may rebound after being deformed by stamping, the bending angle is increased, the allowance of the rebound can be ensured, and the axis of the rebounded unretracted section 11 and the axis of the secondary contracted section 13 are kept parallel.
According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 4B, turning is performed on both end surfaces of the curved leg after step S800 to make the length of the metal curved leg meet the requirement, and simultaneously remove burrs on the end surfaces.
According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 to 4B, a metal curved leg includes a method of processing the metal curved leg of any one of the above;
the outer circle surface of the unshrundown section 11 is processed with threads 17;
the outer circle surface of the secondary pipe reducing section 13 is provided with threads 17, the central axis of the unreduced pipe section 11 is parallel to the central axis of the secondary pipe reducing section 13, and the unreduced pipe section 11 and the secondary pipe reducing section 13 are not on the same axis;
and the transition section 15 is connected with the non-reducing section 11 and the secondary reducing section 13 and is hollow inside.
Has the same physical properties and appearance as the curved foot of the casting, resulting in lower cost and higher production efficiency.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The processing method of the metal curved foot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting a metal pipe as a curved base material, and cutting the metal pipe into pieces in fixed length;
b. putting one end of the metal pipe into a pipe reducing machine for carrying out first pipe reducing;
c. putting the same end of the metal pipe subjected to the first pipe reducing into the pipe reducing machine again for second pipe reducing to form a second pipe reducing section, wherein the other end of the second pipe reducing section is an unreduced section;
d. shaping a transition section between the secondary pipe reducing section and the non-pipe reducing section, and stamping the transition section into a step surface;
e. adding a first core rod into the secondary reducing pipe section in the curved leg, and flattening the secondary reducing pipe section, wherein the flattening position is close to one side of the step surface;
f. carrying out solution heat treatment on the bent pin;
g. fixing one end of the bent pin, punching the other end of the bent pin to enable one end of the bent pin to move downwards, and punching the middle transition section by using the straight pipe to form an s-shaped bent pipe;
h. and (4) performing thread machining on two ends of the bent pin by using a thread rolling machine.
2. The method for processing the metal curved leg as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and c, chamfering the inner and outer corners of the two end surfaces of the metal pipe after the step a.
3. The method for processing the metal curved leg as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and d, introducing a second core rod into the inner hole of the secondary pipe reducing section after the step d, and rounding.
4. The method for processing the metal curved leg as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and e, the upper and lower flat surfaces of the step e are planes.
5. The method for processing the metal curved leg as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature for keeping the solution treatment in the step f is 1050 ℃ or higher.
6. The method for processing the metal curved leg as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and g, the fixed position of the bent leg in the step g is an unretracted section.
7. The method for processing the metal curved leg as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and g, bending support points are arranged on the bent legs in a staggered forming mode, and the bending support points are arranged on the secondary pipe reducing section and are close to the step surface.
8. The method for processing the metal curved leg as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and g, forming the bent legs in a staggered mode, wherein the angle between the unretracted pipe section and the secondary pipe reducing section is larger than 180 degrees.
9. The method for processing the metal curved leg as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (e) turning the two end faces of the bent pin after the step h.
10. A metal curved foot, comprising: a metal curved leg processed by the method for processing a metal curved leg according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210057296.5A CN114378539A (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2022-01-18 | Processing method of metal curved foot |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210057296.5A CN114378539A (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2022-01-18 | Processing method of metal curved foot |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114378539A true CN114378539A (en) | 2022-04-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210057296.5A Pending CN114378539A (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2022-01-18 | Processing method of metal curved foot |
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| Country | Link |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4437380A1 (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 1995-07-13 | Eberspaecher J | Twin=walled exhaust pipe - comprises two shanks joined by bend and inner pipe has two sections connected by sliding joint in one shank and inner pipe support is in bend |
| US20100139094A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-06-10 | Goodman Global, Inc. | Method and System for Manufacturing Aluminum Tube and Fin Heat Exchanger Using Open Flame Brazing, and Product Produced Thereby |
| CN103028911A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-04-10 | 罗伟明 | Extrusion forming method of curved-foot connector |
| CN111098098A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-05 | 田开宜 | High-pressure internal core-pulling forming method for bent pin joint |
| CN112170772A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-01-05 | 田开宜 | Novel eccentric former of curved foot joint |
| CN212703834U (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-03-16 | 蔡丰良 | Flattening die for stainless steel water heating bent pin |
| CN213729165U (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-07-20 | 田开宜 | Novel eccentric former of curved foot joint |
-
2022
- 2022-01-18 CN CN202210057296.5A patent/CN114378539A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4437380A1 (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 1995-07-13 | Eberspaecher J | Twin=walled exhaust pipe - comprises two shanks joined by bend and inner pipe has two sections connected by sliding joint in one shank and inner pipe support is in bend |
| US20100139094A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-06-10 | Goodman Global, Inc. | Method and System for Manufacturing Aluminum Tube and Fin Heat Exchanger Using Open Flame Brazing, and Product Produced Thereby |
| CN103028911A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-04-10 | 罗伟明 | Extrusion forming method of curved-foot connector |
| CN111098098A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-05 | 田开宜 | High-pressure internal core-pulling forming method for bent pin joint |
| CN212703834U (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-03-16 | 蔡丰良 | Flattening die for stainless steel water heating bent pin |
| CN112170772A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-01-05 | 田开宜 | Novel eccentric former of curved foot joint |
| CN213729165U (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-07-20 | 田开宜 | Novel eccentric former of curved foot joint |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 邓小民: "《冲压工艺与模具设计 第2版》", 31 January 2014, 西安电子科技大学出版社, pages: 114 - 226 * |
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