CN114376118B - Method for preparing high-quality aquatic bait - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing high-quality aquatic baits. The method comprises the following steps: adding microalgae into golden algae for heterotrophic culture, and simultaneously performing continuous aeration culture, wherein the microalgae are phagocytized by golden algae; the golden algae is an algae strain mutant separated from a microcystis culture, and the preservation unit is: cctccc, preservation number: no. m 2022112. A high-density culture method for preparing high-quality aquatic product bait by combining golden alga of Brown whip alga with phagocytic microcystis heterotrophy is provided. Solves the problems of high culture cost, long period, unstable production, poor quality and the like of the existing aquatic baits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic bait biology, and particularly relates to a method for preparing high-quality aquatic bait.
Background
The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The requirements for high-quality aquatic baits in the seafood cultivation are urgent, and the aquatic organisms can effectively improve the immunity of the aquatic organisms and the reproduction rate of adults and the survival rate of larvae by feeding microalgae in the growth process. At present, the bait algae widely used in the aquaculture mainly comprises microalgae such as chlorella, dunaliella salina, trichnella, phaeophyta trichlata, etc., but generally has the problems of high culture cost, long culture period, unstable production, poor quality, etc., is insufficient to meet the requirements of the current high-quality aquaculture bait, and can not realize the mass supply of the bait in a short period, and the high-quality aquaculture bait is still one of important factors for the high-quality sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
Microalgae morphology size, culture mode, culture density, reproductive capacity and the like are also important indicators. For example, phaeodactylum tricornutum (10-20 μm) and skeletonema costatum (6-22 μm) have large volumes and poor palatability when used as initial feed for young seedlings. The traditional open culture (such as round pond, square pond and circular road) of algae, while simple and convenient to operate, the method occupies a large area, is limited by factors such as environment, and meanwhile, algae grow slowly, have low yield and are easy to pollute, so that the condition that bait microalgae are insufficient in supply often occurs in the production process, and the quality of the bait microalgae cannot be guaranteed. Although culture modes such as polyculture and heterotrophic culture can effectively improve the yield and obtain microalgae biological feed with higher concentration, the culture modes also have the problems of relatively higher cost, severe culture condition requirements and the like. In the prior art, organic matters with higher price are adopted as nitrogen sources and carbon sources in heterotrophic culture of microalgae, the culture medium is complex in configuration and high in cost, the high-concentration organic matters have inhibition effect, the possibility of pollution is possibly increased due to long fermentation period, the quality cannot be guaranteed, and the like.
The existing heterotrophic culture period still needs to be shortened, the density of heterotrophic microalgae is not large enough, the theoretical maximum value of algae biomass in heterotrophic fermentation is 150-200 g/L, but the maximum value in the prior art is only 108g/L, a rapid high-density culture method for algae cells is provided in the prior art, the aim of high-density culture of algae is achieved by optimizing a culture medium and a photo-bioreactor, and the problems of high investment cost, complex operation, difficulty in large-scale culture and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing high quality aquatic baits. Solves the problems of high culture cost, long period, unstable production, poor quality and the like commonly existing in the prior aquatic product baits, and is insufficient to meet the requirements of the prior high-quality aquatic product baits. The invention provides a high-density culture method for efficiently preparing high-quality aquatic product baits by combining golden alga of the genus Phaeophyta (Ochromonas) with heterotrophic mode of phagocytic microcystis, and overcomes the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of preparing a high quality aquaculture bait, the method comprising: adding microalgae into golden algae for heterotrophic culture, and simultaneously performing continuous aeration culture, wherein the microalgae are phagocytized by golden algae;
the golden algae is an algae strain mutant separated from a microcystis culture, and the preservation unit is: china center for type culture Collection, accession number: chinese university of armed chinese, deposit number: cctccc No. m 2022112.
The invention discovers a golden alga, which is preserved, and the inventor discovers that the golden alga bait has good effect. The golden algae has the advantages of high growth speed and high propagation speed, and can provide rich aquatic bait in a short period. The golden algae is cultivated by a heterotrophic mode of phagocytizing other microalgae such as the microcystis, so that organic matters of the microcystis can be effectively converted into required substances of the golden algae, and cheap and rich nitrogen sources and carbon sources are provided; the cultured golden algae is rich in nutrients such as high-content protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), fucoxanthin (Fucoxanthin) and lipid substances, and can meet the requirements of high-quality aquatic baits. The date of preservation was 2022.01.25. The name of golden algae is (Ochromonas sp.) strain-01.
The golden algae provided by the invention has proper volume, and the golden algae grown by the culture method has better palatability.
Compared with the existing open culture, the golden algae culture method does not need larger occupied area, golden algae continuously phagocytize microalgae in a culture solution, the culture period is short, the supply of baits is ensured, and the quality of baits can be ensured. The microalgae is used as a direct nutrient substance of the golden algae, so that the inhibition effect caused by high-concentration organic matters can not occur. The culture method of the invention can add the golden algae with higher concentration, which is beneficial to shortening the culture period.
The invention relates to an aeration method in the culture method, which can fully and uniformly mix the golden alga with fed microalgae, further improve the growth rate of the golden alga and facilitate the golden alga to produce nutrient substances such as high-content protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), fucoxanthin and the like.
In some embodiments of the invention, the golden alga is a strain mutant isolated from a culture of microcystis PCC7806 and 18S identified. Identified by 18S as Chrysophyceae (Chrysophyceae), chromorphales (Chromorphales), chromorphaceae (Chromorphaceae), and Ochromonnas (Ochromonas).
The separation method comprises the steps of coating or streaking a PCC7806 culture possibly carrying golden algae on a flat plate, placing the culture in an illumination incubator for culturing for a period of time, picking a part of suspected golden algae by using an inoculating needle after the flat plate grows out of algae, transferring the part into a test tube for culturing, carrying out microscopic examination after the algae grows out, and further repeating the separation and purification steps until purified golden algae is obtained.
Further, the separation and purification processes are all carried out in a sterile workbench, the flat plate is BG11 solid culture medium, and 2-3ml of BG11 liquid culture medium is added into the test tube.
The golden algae provided by the invention solves the technical problems that the existing microalgae baits are insufficient and the high-quality baits are lacking.
In some embodiments of the invention, the golden alga is cultured on BG11 liquid medium. The culture medium can be suitable for the growth of the golden algae and provides the basic nutrition required by the golden algae.
In some embodiments of the invention, the culture conditions: the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is controlled to be 20-23 ℃, and the culture time is 3-8 d; further, the time for culturing at a relatively high concentration is 3 to 5 days. The cultivation time can meet the requirement that the golden alga reaches a certain growth stage after phagocytizing microalgae, and the accumulation amount of nutrient substances reaches a relatively rich degree.
In some embodiments of the invention, the initial microalgae have a density of 2x10 5 cells/mL and above; further, the initial concentration of golden algae is 2x10 5 ～3x10 7 cells/mL; further, the initial golden algae inoculation density is 1-1.4x10 6 cells/mL. The concentration of the golden algae is effectively improved by a high-density heterotrophic culture method.
In some embodiments of the invention, the microalgae are inoculated with a diameter of no greater than 8-10 μm. Is beneficial to phagocytosis of golden algae.
In some embodiments of the invention, the microalgae include other microalgae such as microcystis, freshwater chlorella, seawater chlorella, nannochloropsis, and the like. Further, the microcystis is PCC7806, which is gradually phagocytosed by golden algae on the medium.
In some embodiments of the invention, the algal liquid is removed after cultivation and centrifuged to obtain the bait. The solid material obtained after the culture solution is subjected to centrifugal treatment is the bait.
Further, the rotational speed of centrifugation is 6000-9000 r/min, and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min; further, the centrifugal speed is preferably 8000r/min, the centrifugal time is preferably 6min, and the freeze-drying time is preferably 18h.
Further, the bait can be directly used or stored; furthermore, the bait is directly fed after centrifugation or precipitation by adjusting the concentration of the corresponding culture water to a proper concentration, and the preservation method is that the bait is frozen and then freeze-dried. In one case, the bait is freeze-treated for 2 hours or more and then freeze-dried for 12 to 24 hours using a freeze dryer.
One or more of the technical schemes of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the golden algae is separated and preserved, and in the phagocytic heterotrophic process of the golden algae, on one hand, the microcystis can provide rich and cheap carbon sources and nitrogen sources, promote the growth and propagation of the golden algae, reduce the production cost, and promote the accumulation of a plurality of high-added-value nutrient substances such as fucoxanthin, EPA and DHA; meanwhile, the microcystis phagocytized to reduce the toxin production capacity of the microcystis and effectively prevent and control cyanobacterial bloom; the golden algae has excellent application prospect in bait production.
(2) Compared with the traditional preparation of aquatic bait microalgae, the golden algae discovered by the invention has the advantages that the production process is faster, more efficient and more fully utilizes various other microalgae, and the production period is greatly shortened; the concentration of the golden algae can be effectively improved by a high-density heterotrophic culture mode, the regional limit of producing high-quality aquatic product baits is further broken through, and the land resource occupancy is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a view showing the phagocytic heterotrophy of golden algae;
FIG. 2 is a graph of growth of golden algae;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the measurement of EPH and DHA in the bait;
figure 4 is a graph of fucoxanthin determination in a bait.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The components of the BG11 liquid medium are shown in Table 1, and trace element solution such as A5 solution can be added into the BG11 liquid medium.
TABLE 1 BG11 liquid Medium
The composition of the A5 solution is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 A5 (Trace mental solution) solution
| Component (A) | Concentration of |
| H 3 BO 3 | 2.86g/L dH 2 O |
| MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O | 1.86g/L dH 2 O |
| ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O | 0.22g/L dH 2 O |
| Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O | 0.39g/L dH 2 O |
| CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O | 0.08g/L dH 2 O |
| Co(NO 3 ) 4 ·6H 2 O | 0.05g/L dH 2 O |
Example 1
2/3 volume BG11 liquid medium was added to a 500mL Erlenmeyer flask and inoculated with 1.2x10 6 Performing heterotrophic culture on golden algae of cells/mL and feeding a certain amount of specific microcystis PCC7806 at 21 ℃ for 84 hours; observing and photographing the real object every 12 hours, simultaneously sampling and counting, calculating the change of the cell density of the golden algae, and drawing a golden algae growth change curve; after the cultivation is completed, taking out the algae liquid, centrifuging at 8000rpm/min for 8min, freezing the algae mud for 2h or more, freeze-drying for 12-24 h by using a freeze dryer, and finally preserving.
Example 2
Add to 500mL Erlenmeyer flask 2 / 3 Volume BG11 liquid culture medium and inoculation of 1.4x10 6 The golden algae of cells/mL and the specific microcystis PCC7806 are fed for heterotrophic culture for 84 hours at the temperature of 21 DEG CCulturing; other operations remain the same as in embodiment 1.
Example 3
Add to 500mL Erlenmeyer flask 2 / 3 The volume BG11 liquid culture medium is inoculated with 1.0x10 6 Golden algae of cells/mL and a certain amount of chlorella are fed, and heterotrophic culture is carried out for 84 hours under the condition that the temperature is 21 ℃; other operations remain the same as in embodiment 1.
Example 4
Determination of nutrient substances in cultured aquatic bait microalgae, wherein the nutrient substances comprise Fucoxanthin (Fucoxanthin), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
After the sample is freeze-dried, the fucoxanthin is extracted by using absolute ethyl alcohol in a test tube dispersing homogenizer, the extract is concentrated to 4mL, and then the extract is filtered by a 0.22 mu m filter membrane and is detected by sample injection HPLC, the mobile phase of the detection condition is 85% acetonitrile, the sample injection volume is 10 mu L, the column temperature is 35 ℃, the flow rate is 1mL/min, the detection time is 20min, and the detection wavelength is 450nm.
Extracting lipid from the dried golden algae sample by using ASE350, performing methyl esterification treatment on the sample after the initial completion, adding a proper amount of sulfuric acid methanol, drying at 85 ℃ for 2 hours, adding saturated saline solution and petroleum ether, shaking a small bottle, performing centrifugal treatment, transferring a top organic phase after the centrifugal treatment, performing small-volume concentration under the protection of nitrogen, and performing GC detection by using normal hexane to dissolve the sample after repeated times. The GC detection is carried out after the esterification of the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) single standard and the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Shan Biaojia.
Effect implementation display 1
This effect was demonstrated by microscopic photographs of the golden alga of examples 1, 2 and 3, which showed a change of 3 days before and after phagocytic heterotrophic culture, and of the golden alga which engulfed microcystis and chlorella.
In fig. 1: the medium of embodiment 1, the medium of embodiment 2 and the medium of embodiment 3 are shown in the order from left to right, wherein the scales of the lower right corners of the C, D, E and F panels are respectively (20 μm,10 μm). A is a physical photograph at the initial stage of culture, B is a physical photograph at the final stage of culture, C is golden algae under a 40 x-fold mirror, D is golden algae under a 100 x-fold mirror, E is golden algae phagocytosis 7806 under a 100 x-fold mirror, and F is golden algae phagocytosis chlorella under a 100 x-fold mirror. As can be seen in fig. 1, panel a in fig. 1 shows green, panel B in fig. 1 shows yellow (leftmost and middle triangular flask) or darker yellow (rightmost triangular flask), and in fig. 1, panel C shows a number of growing golden algae, and in fig. 1, panels D and E can see golden algae phagocytizing PCC7806 microalgae, and in fig. 1, panel F golden algae phagocytizing chlorella. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the golden algae is capable of phagocytizing the microalgae, and the golden algae itself breeds.
FIG. 2 shows three curves of growth curves of golden algae of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, respectively, and it can be seen that golden algae of three embodiments have better reproductive ability, and the time interval of the abscissa is 12h (such as T 2 -T 1 Time difference between them).
The numbers on the abscissa in fig. 3 are 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 in units of min, in order from left to right; the ordinate is 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 in pA from bottom to top. FIG. 3 shows the results of detection of Fucoxanthin (Fucoxanthin), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in example 4. It can be seen that the cultured bait contains golden algae, DHA and EPA.
The numbers on the abscissa in fig. 4 are 0.00, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00, 7.00, 8.00, 9.00, 10.00, 11.00, 12.00, 13.00, 14.00, 15.00, 16.00, 17.00, 18.00, 19.00, 20.00 in units of min, in order from left to right; the ordinate is 0.000, 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008, 0.010, 0.012, in units of (AU) from bottom to top. It can be seen from fig. 4 that fucoxanthin is present in the resulting bait and that fucoxanthin is present in a larger proportion by mass of the sample.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing high quality aquatic bait, which is characterized in that: adding microalgae into golden algae for heterotrophic culture, and simultaneously performing continuous aeration culture, wherein the microalgae are phagocytized by golden algae;
the golden algae is an algae strain mutant separated from a microcystis culture, and the preservation unit is: cctccc, preservation number: no. m 2022112;
a mutant strain isolated from a culture of microcystis PCC 7806;
the density of initial microalgae is greater than 2x10 5 cells/mL；
The initial concentration of golden algae is 2x10 5 ～3x10 7 cells/mL。
2. A method of preparing high quality aquaculture feed according to claim 1, wherein: the golden algae is cultivated on BG11 liquid culture medium.
3. A method of preparing high quality aquaculture feed according to claim 1, wherein: the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is controlled to be 20-23 ℃, and the culture time is 3-5 d.
4. A method of preparing high quality aquaculture feed according to claim 1, wherein: inoculating microalgae with diameter not greater than 8 μm.
5. A method of preparing high quality aquaculture feed according to claim 1, wherein: the microalgae comprise microcystis, chlorella freshwater, chlorella seawater, and Chlorella pseudolaris.
6. A method of preparing high quality aquaculture feed according to claim 1, wherein: taking out the algae liquid after culturing, and centrifuging to obtain the bait.
7. A method of preparing high quality aquaculture feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: the rotational speed of centrifugation is 6000-9000 r/min and the centrifugation time is 5-10 min.
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