CN114373955A - Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate - Google Patents

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114373955A
CN114373955A CN202111665718.9A CN202111665718A CN114373955A CN 114373955 A CN114373955 A CN 114373955A CN 202111665718 A CN202111665718 A CN 202111665718A CN 114373955 A CN114373955 A CN 114373955A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
anode
plate
cathode
outlet
inlet
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202111665718.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵小平
李光伟
刘雪婷
王有道
徐家慧
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Sunrise Power Co Ltd
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Sunrise Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111665718.9A priority Critical patent/CN114373955A/en
Publication of CN114373955A publication Critical patent/CN114373955A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206Metals or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0202Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0265Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0271Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, which consists of a cathode plate and an anode plate, and is characterized in that the cathode plate and the anode plate are formed by punching metal sheets, a cathode flow field is punched on the outer side of the cathode plate, an anode flow field is punched on the outer side of the anode plate, the cathode plate and the anode plate are attached together and form a whole by laser welding or bonding, and a closed coolant flow field is formed on the inner sides of the cathode plate and the anode plate; the areas of the common channels of the cathode, the anode and the coolant inlet/outlet on the anode plate and the cathode plate are asymmetrically arranged. The bipolar plate and the flow field structure thereof designed by the invention can effectively improve the uniform distribution of reaction gas so as to realize the uniform distribution of reaction current, and simultaneously, liquid water and tail gas generated by the battery reaction are smoothly discharged; the weight and thickness of the bipolar plate can be reduced, and the mass specific power and the volume power of the fuel cell are improved.

Description

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a bipolar plate of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
Compared with the traditional energy conversion device, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, safety, environmental protection and the like, thereby having huge application prospect, and the bipolar plate is one of the key parts of the PEMFC, occupies more than 45 percent of the cost of a galvanic pile and occupies 70 to 80 percent of the weight of the galvanic pile. Therefore, the development of bipolar plates with high conductivity, high corrosion resistance, high chemical compatibility, suitable mechanical properties, suitable hydrophobicity and easy batch manufacturing can improve the service life, reliability and specific power of fuel cells, thereby promoting the commercial development of PEMFCs. The structure of the bipolar plate directly affects the electrochemical reaction and the water heat management of the fuel cell, and the flow field on the bipolar plate provides an inlet channel and an outlet channel for the reaction gas and the coolant, and determines the flowing mode and distribution of the reaction gas and the coolant.
Chinese patent publication No. CN 101572318B discloses a metal bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is characterized in that pits on the back of each boss of the cathode plate distribution area and pits on the back of each boss of the anode plate are arranged in a staggered manner, and the areas where the pits are opposite to the pits form a continuous coolant distribution area, and then are connected with parallel water flow channels on the cathode and anode plates to form a complete coolant flow channel. The design has the problem that the supporting area of the point-shaped lug boss on the MEA is insufficient, so that the condition that the pressure of reaction gas cannot be controlled is caused, and meanwhile, due to the error of manufacturing and forming, the sectional area of a coolant channel is reduced, the flow resistance is increased, and the performance of the fuel cell is seriously influenced.
Chinese patent publication No. CN 110212213 a discloses a metal bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is characterized in that an anode flow field is arranged outside an anode plate, a cathode flow field is arranged outside a cathode plate, a coolant flow field is formed by a cavity between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and coolant ports are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the flow field.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a bipolar plate and a flow field thereof with reasonable design for improving the uniform distribution of reaction gas, so as to realize the uniform distribution of reaction current, and simultaneously, smoothly discharging liquid water and tail gas generated by the battery reaction; the weight and thickness of the bipolar plate can be reduced, and the mass specific power and the volume power of the fuel cell are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems of uneven distribution of reaction gas and uneven distribution of current caused by defects in the structural design of the bipolar plate in the prior art, the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided. The invention mainly laminates the negative plate and the positive plate which are punched with flow fields together to form a closed coolant flow field, so as to improve the effective use area of the bipolar plate; meanwhile, the areas of the common inlet and outlet channels of the air cavity and the coolant cavity are in an asymmetric arrangement mode, so that the flow rate of reaction gas is improved, and the discharge of water and tail gas generated by reaction is facilitated; the heat exchange efficiency of the electric pile is further improved by combining different structural forms of the anode distribution area and the cathode distribution area.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate is composed of a cathode plate and an anode plate, and is characterized in that the cathode plate and the anode plate are formed by punching metal sheets, a cathode flow field is punched on the outer side of the cathode plate, an anode flow field is punched on the outer side of the anode plate, the cathode plate and the anode plate are attached together and form a whole through laser welding or bonding, and a closed coolant flow field is formed on the inner sides of the cathode plate and the anode plate; the areas of the common channels of the cathode, the anode and the coolant inlet/outlet on the anode plate and the cathode plate are asymmetrically arranged.
Further, the area of the cathode outlet common channel is larger than that of the cathode inlet common channel; the area of the anode outlet common channel is larger than that of the anode inlet common channel; the area of the coolant outlet common passage is larger than that of the coolant inlet common passage.
Furthermore, the area of the cathode outlet common channel is larger than that of the cathode inlet common channel, and the proportion of the cathode outlet common channel to the cathode inlet common channel is 1.2-2.2; the area of the anode outlet common channel is larger than that of the anode inlet common channel, and the proportion of the anode outlet common channel to the anode inlet common channel is 1.0-1.8; the area of the coolant outlet common passage is larger than that of the coolant inlet common passage, and the ratio of the coolant outlet common passage to the coolant inlet common passage is 1.3-2.0.
Furthermore, the cathode inlet distribution area and the cathode outlet distribution area on the cathode plate are both parallel flow channels, and the flow channels are arranged at an angle of 45-60 degrees.
Further, the anode inlet distribution area and the anode outlet distribution area on the anode plate are of a cross-type structure and are in one or a combination of 1 to 2, 1 to 3 and 1 to 4.
Further, the cathode inlet/outlet, the anode inlet/outlet and the coolant inlet/outlet are provided with fence type supporting structures.
Furthermore, the cathode reaction area of the cathode plate and the anode reaction area of the anode plate are composed of a plurality of groups of grooves and bulges and extend in a wave shape, and the flow field periods of the cathode reaction area and the anode reaction area are consistent and are distributed in a staggered mode.
Furthermore, a cathode sealing rubber wire groove is formed in the edge of the cathode plate, an anode sealing rubber wire groove is formed in the edge of the anode plate, and after the bipolar plate is welded and formed, the rubber wire is bonded in the rubber wire groove to achieve sealing assembly of the bipolar plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the optimized flow channel design, improves the effective use area of the bipolar plate, arranges the combination of the grooves and the bulges which extend in a wave shape on the cathode reaction area and the anode reaction area, ensures that the flow periods of the reaction areas are consistent, and the grooves and the bulges are distributed in a staggered way, can improve the distribution uniformity of the coolant and simultaneously reduces the flow resistance.
2. The area of the common inlet and outlet channels of the air cavity and the coolant cavity is in an asymmetric arrangement mode, so that the pressure difference of the inlet and outlet can be enhanced, the flow rate of reaction gas is improved, and the discharge of water and tail gas generated by reaction is facilitated.
3. The anode distribution area and the cathode distribution area are combined in different structural forms, so that the flow passage of the coolant cavity is improved, and the heat exchange efficiency of the galvanic pile is improved.
In conclusion, the bipolar plate and the flow field structure thereof designed by the invention can effectively improve the uniform distribution of reaction gas so as to realize the uniform distribution of reaction current, and simultaneously, liquid water and tail gas generated by the battery reaction are smoothly discharged; the weight and thickness of the bipolar plate can be reduced, and the mass specific power and the volume power of the fuel cell are improved.
For the above reasons, the present invention can be widely applied to the field of fuel cells.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bipolar plate of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the cathode plate of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode plate according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the cathode distribution region of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a cathode plate; 2. an anode plate; 3. an anode inlet I; 3', an anode outlet I; 4. a cathode inlet I; 4', a cathode outlet I; 5. a coolant inlet I; 5', a coolant outlet I; 6. a cathode inlet distribution region; 6', a cathode outlet distribution area; 7. a cathode reaction zone; 8. a cathode sealing rubber wire groove; 9. an anode inlet II; 9' and an anode outlet II; 10. a cathode inlet II; 10' and a cathode outlet II; 11. a coolant inlet II; 11', a coolant outlet II; 12. an anode inlet distribution region; 12', an anode outlet distribution area; 13. an anode reaction zone; 14. an anode sealing glue line groove; 15. a routing inspection plug-in card slot; 16. two-dimensional code identification area.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal bipolar plate of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The bipolar plate is composed of a cathode plate 1 and an anode plate 2, and the material can be stainless steel, titanium alloy or other metal alloy. And a cathode flow field is punched on the outer side of the cathode plate, an anode flow field is punched on the outer side of the anode plate, the cathode plate and the anode plate are attached together and form a whole through laser welding or bonding, and a closed coolant flow field is formed on the inner side of the cathode plate and the anode plate.
As shown in figure 2, the cathode plate is provided with an anode inlet I3, an anode outlet I3 ', a cathode inlet I4, a cathode outlet I4', a coolant inlet I5, a coolant outlet I5 ', a cathode inlet distribution area 6, a cathode reaction area 7, a cathode outlet distribution area 6' and a cathode sealing glue line groove 8.
As shown in FIG. 3, the anode plate is provided with an anode inlet II 9, an anode outlet II 9 ', a cathode inlet II 10, a cathode outlet II 10', a coolant inlet II 11, a coolant outlet II 11 ', an anode inlet distribution area 12, an anode reaction area 13, an anode outlet distribution area 12' and an anode sealing glue line groove 14.
Wherein the area of the anode outlet II 9' is larger than that of the anode outlet II 9, and the proportion of the area is 1.0-1.8; the area of the cathode outlet II 11' is larger than that of the cathode inlet II 11, and the proportion is 1.2-2.2; the area of the coolant outlet II 11' is larger than that of the coolant inlet II 11, and the ratio of the coolant outlet II to the coolant inlet II is 1.3-2.0. The inlet and the outlet are arranged asymmetrically, so that the pressure difference of the inlet and the outlet in the flow channel can be increased, the flow rate of reaction gas is improved, and the discharge of water and tail gas generated by reaction is facilitated.
On the outside of the cathode plate 1 in the upper cathode flow field are formed: the cathode gas passes through the cathode inlet I4/cathode inlet II 10, the cathode inlet distribution area 6, the cathode reaction area 7, the cathode outlet distribution area 6 ', the cathode outlet I4 '/cathode outlet II 10 ' in sequence.
The anode flow field is formed on the outer side of the anode plate 2: the anode gas passes through an anode inlet I3/an anode inlet II 9, an anode inlet distribution area 12, an anode reaction area 13, an anode outlet distribution area 12 ', an anode outlet I3 '/an anode outlet II 9 ' in sequence.
Coolant flow field formed inside the upper cathode plate 1 and anode plate 2: the coolant passes through the coolant inlet I5/coolant inlet II 11, the coolant reaction zone (inside of the cathode reaction zone 7 and the anode reaction zone 13), the coolant outlet I5 '/coolant outlet II 11' in this order.
The cathode inlet distribution area 6 and the cathode outlet distribution area 6' are both parallel flow channels, the angles are distributed at 45-60 degrees (as shown in figure 4), the width is 1-2mm, the length can be adjusted according to the layout position, and the arrangement ensures that the entering cathode gas is uniformly distributed and the flow resistance is reduced; the anode inlet distribution area 12 and the anode outlet distribution area 12' are both of a cross-division structure, and can be one or a combination of 1 to 2, 1 to 3 and 1 to 4, so that the anode gas is uniformly distributed, and the flow resistance is reduced.
And the cathode inlet I4/the cathode outlet I4 '/the cathode inlet II 10/the cathode outlet II 10', the anode inlet I3/the anode inlet II 9/the anode outlet I3 '/the anode outlet II 9', the coolant inlet I5/the coolant inlet II 11/the coolant outlet I5 '/the coolant outlet II 11' are respectively provided with a fence type supporting structure, so that the communication between a common channel and a distribution area is ensured, and the reaction gas and the coolant can smoothly pass through the cooling device.
The cathode reaction zone 7 is composed of a plurality of groups of grooves and bulges and extends in a wave shape, the anode reaction zone 13 is composed of a plurality of groups of grooves and bulges and extends in a wave shape, and the periods of the cathode reaction zone flow field 7 and the anode reaction zone flow field 13 are consistent and are distributed in a staggered mode; each cycle includes a groove and a ridge forming a continuous, uninterrupted flow path in the coolant flow field.
The edge of the cathode plate 1 is provided with a cathode sealing rubber wire groove 8, the edge of the anode plate 2 is provided with an anode sealing rubber wire groove 14, and after the bipolar plate is welded and formed, the sealing rubber wire is bonded in the rubber wire groove to meet the sealing requirement of the assembly of the bipolar plate.
For convenience in installation, 2 positioning holes are formed in the diagonal positions of the bipolar plates, one positioning hole is a round hole, the other positioning hole is a long round hole, the diagonal distribution can improve installation accuracy, and dislocation errors and over-constraint in positioning can be reduced when the bipolar plates are stacked.
The bipolar plate is also provided with an inspection plug-in card slot 15, and the later-stage installation inspection wiring harness plug-in has the advantages of convenience in installation, convenience in maintenance, high reliability and the like.
The bipolar plate is also provided with a two-dimensional code identification area 16 for identifying information such as production batch numbers, dates and the like, so that production information can be conveniently traced in the later period.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate is composed of a cathode plate and an anode plate, and is characterized in that the cathode plate and the anode plate are formed by punching metal sheets, a cathode flow field is punched on the outer side of the cathode plate, an anode flow field is punched on the outer side of the anode plate, the cathode plate and the anode plate are attached together and form a whole through laser welding or bonding, and a closed coolant flow field is formed on the inner sides of the cathode plate and the anode plate; the areas of the common channels of the cathode, the anode and the coolant inlet/outlet on the anode plate and the cathode plate are asymmetrically arranged.
2. The pem fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein the cathode outlet common channel area is greater than the cathode inlet common channel area; the area of the anode outlet common channel is larger than that of the anode inlet common channel; the area of the coolant outlet common passage is larger than that of the coolant inlet common passage.
3. The pem fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 2 wherein the cathode outlet common channels have a greater area than the cathode inlet common channels in a ratio of 1.2-2.2; the area of the anode outlet common channel is larger than that of the anode inlet common channel, and the proportion of the anode outlet common channel to the anode inlet common channel is 1.0-1.8; the area of the coolant outlet common passage is larger than that of the coolant inlet common passage, and the ratio of the coolant outlet common passage to the coolant inlet common passage is 1.3-2.0.
4. The bipolar plate of a pem fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the cathode inlet distribution area and the cathode outlet distribution area of the cathode plate are parallel flow channels with an angle of 45 ° -60 °.
5. The bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the anode inlet distribution area and the anode outlet distribution area on the anode plate are of a cross-type structure, and are one or more of 1 in 2, 1 in 3, and 1 in 4.
6. The bipolar plate of a pem fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the cathode inlet/outlet, anode inlet/outlet, and coolant inlet/outlet are provided with barrier support structures.
7. The bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the cathode reaction area of the cathode plate and the anode reaction area of the anode plate are formed by a plurality of sets of grooves and protrusions, and extend in a wave shape, and the flow field periods of the cathode reaction area and the anode reaction area are consistent and are distributed in a staggered manner.
8. The bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the cathode plate is provided with a cathode sealing rubber wire groove at the edge thereof, the anode plate is provided with an anode sealing rubber wire groove at the edge thereof, and after the bipolar plate is welded and formed, the rubber wire is bonded in the rubber wire groove to realize sealing assembly of the bipolar plate.
CN202111665718.9A 2021-12-31 2021-12-31 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate Pending CN114373955A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114744233A (en) * 2022-05-07 2022-07-12 中汽创智科技有限公司 Bipolar plate and fuel cell

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CN110581287A (en) * 2019-09-09 2019-12-17 上海骥翀氢能科技有限公司 Metal bipolar plate of proton exchange membrane fuel cell adhesion-free sealing structure
CN110828846A (en) * 2019-12-02 2020-02-21 武汉轻工大学 Air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell metal bipolar plate and fuel cell thereof
CN112864411A (en) * 2021-04-09 2021-05-28 上海兰友科技有限公司 High-performance fuel cell bipolar plate, fuel cell and fuel cell stack
CN113451599A (en) * 2021-06-25 2021-09-28 瑞达新能源(广州)有限公司 Bipolar plate for hydrogen fuel cell
CN113793946A (en) * 2021-08-24 2021-12-14 嘉寓氢能源科技(辽宁)有限公司 Metal bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114744233A (en) * 2022-05-07 2022-07-12 中汽创智科技有限公司 Bipolar plate and fuel cell
CN114744233B (en) * 2022-05-07 2024-02-09 中汽创智科技有限公司 Bipolar plate and fuel cell

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