CN114373282A

CN114373282A - Debris flow early warning device and early warning method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114373282A
Application number: CN202210074209.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 第宝锋; 曲云鹏; 左齐; 牛志攀
Original assignee: Sichuan University
Current assignee: Sichuan University
Priority date: 2022-01-21
Filing date: 2022-01-21
Publication date: 2022-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2042-01-21
Also published as: CN114373282B

Abstract

The invention provides a debris flow early warning device and an early warning method thereof, which are used for analyzing the characteristics of debris flow by arranging the debris flow early warning device and monitoring and warning the debris flow in real time by adopting a flow velocity sensor comprising a deformation sensing line, thereby realizing more accurate, comprehensive and timely monitoring of the debris flow and being beneficial to reducing the economic and life damages caused by the debris flow. The debris flow early warning device is low in cost, strong in field adaptability, capable of being widely arranged in each area and high in monitoring precision. The device can be widely popularized and applied, and can actually and effectively early warn debris flow disasters in real time.

Description

Debris flow early warning device and early warning method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sensor application, and particularly relates to a debris flow early warning device and an early warning method thereof.

Background

The debris flow refers to a special flood flow which is caused by landslide caused by rainstorm, snowstorm or other natural disasters and carries a large amount of silt and stones in a mountain area or other gullies and in a severe terrain. The debris flow has the characteristics of high abruptness, high flow rate, high flow, large material capacity, strong destructive power and the like. The traffic facilities such as roads and railways, even villages and towns and the like are often destroyed by debris flow, and huge loss is caused.

Debris flow is the flood flow formed by saturated dilution of sandy and soft soil mountain bodies containing sand and stones through rainstorm and flood, the area, the volume and the flow are large, a landslide is a small-area of the diluted soil mountain bodies, and the typical debris flow is composed of thick slurry which is suspended with coarse solid debris and is rich in silt and clay. Under proper terrain conditions, a large amount of water soaks solid accumulated substances in a flowing water hillside or a ditch bed, so that the stability of the solid accumulated substances is reduced, and the solid accumulated substances saturated with water move under the action of self gravity to form debris flow. Debris flow is a disastrous geological phenomenon. Usually the debris flow is sudden, violent and can carry huge stones. It is extremely destructive because it has a strong energy due to its high speed of travel.

The whole process of the debris flow is generally only a few hours, but only a few minutes, and the debris flow is a natural disaster widely distributed in countries in the world in areas with special terrains and landforms. The mixed flow of soil, water and air between the sand-carrying water flow and the landslide is excited by water sources such as heavy rain, ice and snow melting and the like on the valley or slope of the mountain area and contains a large amount of sand and stone blocks. Debris flow is often accompanied by mountainous flood. The difference between the flood and the common flood is that the flood contains enough solid debris such as silt, stone and the like, the volume content of the solid debris is at least 15 percent and can reach about 80 percent at most, and therefore, the flood is more destructive than the flood.

Firstly, classifying according to material components:

1. a mud-rock flow consisting of a large amount of cohesive soil, sand grains with different grain sizes and stones;

2. the clay is taken as the main material, contains a small amount of sand and stone, has high viscosity and is called mud flow in a thick mud shape;

3. the water-stone flow is composed of water and sand grains and stones of different sizes.

Classifying according to basin forms:

1. standard type debris flow

The river basin is a typical debris flow, is fan-shaped, has a large area, and can obviously divide a forming area, a flowing area and a stacking area.

2. River valley type debris flow

The river basin is in a long and narrow strip shape, the formation area is mostly the valley of the river upstream, the solid matter sources are scattered, water exists in the valley sometimes all the year round, so the water sources are rich, and the circulation area and the accumulation area cannot be obviously separated

3. Hillside type debris flow

The drainage basin is in the shape of a hopper, the area of the drainage basin is generally less than 1000 square meters, no obvious flow area exists, and a forming area is directly connected with a stacking area.

Sorting by substance state

1. A viscous debris flow, a debris flow or a mud flow containing a large amount of clay. The method is characterized in that: the viscosity is high, and the solid matter accounts for 40-60 percent and can reach 80 percent. The water is not a carrying medium but a composition substance, the consistency is high, the stone is in a suspension state, the outbreak is sudden, the duration is short, and the destructive power is high.

2. The dilute debris flow contains water as main component, clay in small amount and solid matter in 10-40% and has great dispersivity. Water is used as a conveying medium, and the stone block advances in a rolling or jumping mode and has a strong undercutting effect. The deposits are scattered in a fan shape in the accumulation area and are similar to the stone sea after stopping accumulation.

The above classifications are the two most common classifications in china. There are also a number of classification methods in addition to this. If classified according to the cause of the debris flow, there are: a river-type debris flow, a rainfall-type debris flow; the classification according to the size of the debris flow basin comprises the following steps: large-scale debris flows, medium-scale debris flows and small-scale debris flows; the classification according to the development stage of the debris flow is as follows: developmental stage debris flow, vigorous stage debris flow, declining stage debris flow, and the like.

Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the formation of a debris flow requires three basic conditions: the appropriate terrain for collecting water and objects is steep; bulk solid matter is accumulated upstream in a rich manner; there is a sudden source of large running water in the short term.

1. Topographic conditions:

the water flow channel has high mountain height, deep ditch, steep terrain, large longitudinal gradient of the ditch bed and a flow city shape, and is convenient for water flow collection. In terms of landform, the landform of the debris flow can be generally divided into a forming area, a circulating area and a stacking area. The landform of the upstream formation area is mostly three-sided ring mountains, the outlet of one side is in a gourd ladle shape or a funnel shape, the landform is wide, the surrounding mountains are high and steep, the mountain body is broken, and vegetation grows badly, so that the landform is favorable for the concentration of water and debris substances; the topography of the midstream circulation area is mostly narrow, steep and deep canyons, and the longitudinal slope of the valley bed is greatly reduced, so that the debris flow can be rapidly and directly discharged; the downstream accumulation area is in the form of a wide and flat mountain front plain or river valley terrace, so that the accumulated objects have accumulation places.

2: loose material source conditions:

debris flow often occurs in areas with complex geological structures, broken folds, strong new structure activities and high seismic intensity. The unfavorable geological phenomena such as surface rock breakage, collapse, dislocation, landslide and the like develop, and a rich solid matter source is provided for the formation of debris flow; in addition, in areas where the rock stratum structure is loose, weak, easy to weathere, joint development or layering of soft and hard, abundant debris sources can be provided for the debris flow due to the easy damage; some human engineering activities, such as deforestation causing water and soil loss, mountain mining, quarrying and discarding of slag, also often provide a large source of material for debris flow.

3: water source conditions:

the water is not only an important component of the debris flow, but also an excitation condition and a carrying medium (power source) of the debris flow, a water source of the debris flow, and forms of rainstorm, water and snow melting, reservoir burst water bodies and the like. The water source of the debris flow in China mainly comprises heavy rain, long-time continuous rainfall and the like.

Fourthly, occurrence rule:

the time when the debris flow occurs has a law.

1. Seasonality:

the storm of the debris flow in China is mainly excited by continuous rainfall and rainstorm, particularly intensive rainfall of extra-large rainstorm. Therefore, the time law of the debris flow is consistent with the time law of concentrated rainfall, and the seasonality is obvious. Generally in rainy, summer and autumn seasons. It is different depending on the time of intensive rainfall.

Rainfall in southwest areas such as Sichuan and Yunnan is mostly concentrated in 6-9 months, so mud-rock flow in southwest areas is mostly generated in 6-9 months; rainfall is concentrated in the northwest region for more than 6, 7 and 8 months, especially in the two months of 7 and 8, and the rainstorm intensity is high, so the debris flow in the northwest region is mostly generated in the two months of 7 and 8. According to incomplete statistics, debris flow disasters occurring in the two months account for more than 90% of all debris flow disasters in the area.

2: the periodicity is as follows:

the occurrence of debris flow is influenced by rainstorms and floods, which always occur periodically. Therefore, the occurrence and development of the debris flow have certain periodicity, and the activity period of the debris flow is generally consistent with that of stormwater and flood. When the periods of both heavy rain and flood activities are superimposed with seasonality, a high tide of debris flow activity often forms.

Fifth, the adverse effects

The debris flow is often characterized by sudden, violent and rapid outbreak. The damage degree of the landslide-type water-saving building is wider and more serious than that of single collapse, landslide and flood. The harm to human beings is embodied in four aspects. According to statistics, 29 provinces (districts) and 771 counties (cities) in China are suffering from the damage of debris flow, the frequency of debris flow disasters is 18 times per county every year on average, and the number of dead people caused by the debris flow directly reaches 3700 people every year in nearly 40 years. According to incomplete statistics, in more than 50 years after the country is built, the number of people killed by debris flow in towns above the county level of China is about 4400, and trillion property is threatened, so that the serious damage of the debris flow to mountain towns can be seen. At present, 138 towns above county level which are damaged or threatened by debris flow are found in China, the towns are mainly distributed in the western provinces such as Gansu (45), Sichuan (34), Yunnan (23) and Tibet (13), and the number of towns at county level which are damaged or threatened by the debris flow is larger.

Besides, the debris flow can cause serious damage to public facilities such as roads, railways and the like, and can also have great influence on the life of people, the economy and the development of society.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a debris flow early warning device and an early warning method thereof aiming at the problems and the requirements in the prior art, by analyzing the characteristics of the debris flow and adopting a flow velocity sensor comprising a deformation sensing line to monitor and alarm the debris flow in real time, the debris flow is monitored more accurately, comprehensively and timely, and the economic and life damages caused by the debris flow are reduced.

The specific implementation content of the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a debris flow early warning device which is used for monitoring the flow velocity of fluid in real time and alarming the condition that debris flow possibly occurs; the debris flow early warning device comprises a flow velocity sensor, a data processing module, a data transmission module, a server and a prediction terminal;

the flow velocity sensor comprises a fixed beam, a deformation sensing line and a suspension;

the end part of the fixed beam is fixedly arranged on a fluid shore positioned on the side of the fluid, and the beam body is erected above the fluid;

one end of the deformation sensing line is fixedly wound on the fixed beam and then is connected with the data processing module, and is in signal link connection with the data transmission module, the server and the prediction terminal through the data processing module;

the other end of the deformation sensing line is fixedly connected with the suspension object and is suspended and immersed in the fluid through the suspension object;

the deformation sensing line is made of a conductive material capable of generating elastic deformation.

In order to better implement the present invention, further, the deformation sensing wire includes a fiber pipe and a conductive filler;

the fiber pipeline is made of deformable fiber materials, and the conductive filler is arranged in an inner pipe of the fiber pipeline.

In order to better implement the present invention, further, the conductive filler is a conductive liquid or an elastically deformable conductive solid.

In order to better implement the invention, further, the suspension is spherical.

In order to better realize the invention, the suspension device further comprises a spring, wherein one end of the spring is arranged on the fixed beam, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the suspension object; the deformation sensing line penetrates through the spring to be connected with the fixed beam and the suspension; and when no fluid action is carried out and the deformation sensing line is not arranged on the suspension object, the pulling force of the spring on the suspension object is equal to the gravity of the suspension object.

In order to better realize the invention, furthermore, the fixed beams are provided with a plurality of groups, and each group of fixed beams are arranged at different flow sections of the fluid at intervals; and the lengths of the deformation sensing wires arranged on each group of fixed beams are corresponding and consistent.

In order to better realize the invention, a plurality of groups of deformation sensing lines are further arranged on one group of fixed beams; and the lengths of the deformation sensing lines on the fixed beam are different.

A debris flow early warning method is based on the debris flow early warning device; the debris flow early warning method comprises the following steps:

step 1: placing the suspension object in a fluid in a hanging manner, driving the suspension object to displace through the fluid, and driving the deformation sensing line to be pulled to generate deformation;

step 2: calculating a relational expression of corresponding deformation quantity and resistance value of the deformation sensing line in the fluid with different flow rates;

and step 3: in actual measurement, electric signal transmission is carried out on the deformation sensing wire, and when the deformation sensing wire is pulled; the data processing module is used for receiving the electric signals transmitted by the deformation sensing line, and the current resistance value is calculated according to the material resistivity, the length and the resistance value of the deformation sensing line;

and 4, step 4: the data processing module sends the calculated resistance value to a server through a data transmission module to obtain a corresponding current flow rate through conversion, and whether alarming is needed or not is judged according to the current flow rate; the concrete judgment is as follows: setting a flow rate alarm threshold value, and alarming when the monitored flow rate is greater than the flow rate alarm threshold value; and setting a flow rate increase threshold value, and alarming when the real-time fluctuation of the flow rate monitored in real time exceeds the flow rate increase threshold value.

In order to better realize the invention, the data of each actual monitoring is recorded to enrich the database, and a machine learning algorithm is adopted to carry out correction learning on the monitoring.

The invention also provides a debris flow early warning method, and the debris flow early warning device based on the suspended objects with different heights arranged on the same fixed beam is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 2: calculating a relational expression of corresponding deformation quantities and electric signals of the deformation sensing line in the fluid with different flow rates;

and step 3: in actual measurement, electric signal transmission is carried out on the deformation sensing wire, and when the deformation sensing wire is pulled; the data processing module is used for receiving the electric signals transmitted by the deformation sensing line, and the current electric signal feedback value is calculated according to the material resistivity, the length and the resistance value of the deformation sensing line; measuring the current water level according to the suspensions with different heights arranged on the same fixed beam;

and 4, step 4: the data processing module sends the calculated electric signal feedback value and the water level feedback value to a server through the data transmission module, converts the electric signal feedback value and the water level feedback value to obtain a corresponding current flow rate, and judges whether to alarm according to the current flow rate; the concrete judgment is as follows: setting a flow rate alarm threshold value, and alarming when the monitored flow rate is greater than the flow rate alarm threshold value; and setting a flow rate increase threshold value, and alarming when the real-time fluctuation of the flow rate monitored in real time exceeds the flow rate increase threshold value.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) the device has low cost, can be widely distributed in various high-incidence areas of debris flow, and has strong popularization and applicability;

(2) resistance change brought through the deformation of deformation sensing line comes the feedback to the mud-rock flow, compares in prior art and adopts modes such as liquid level monitoring, and measurement accuracy is higher.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the arrangement of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a plurality of sets of deformation sensing lines with different heights disposed on the same fixed beam;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the deformation sensing wire and the suspension when they are deformed by fluid;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the deformation sensing wire and the pendant hanging naturally in the absence of fluid;

fig. 5 is a perspective view of a fixed beam secured to one side of a fluid using a cantilever beam structure.

Wherein: 1. fluid bank, 2, fluid, 3, fixed beam, 4, deformation sensing line, 5 and suspension.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and therefore should not be considered as a limitation to the scope of protection. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

the embodiment provides a debris flow early warning device, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4, which is used for monitoring the flow rate of a fluid 2 in real time and alarming a debris flow condition; the debris flow early warning device comprises a flow velocity sensor, a data processing module, a data transmission module, a server and a prediction terminal;

the flow velocity sensor comprises a fixed beam 3, a deformation sensing line 4 and a suspension 5;

the end part of the fixed beam 3 is fixedly arranged on a fluid bank 1 at the side of the fluid 2, and the beam body is erected above the fluid 2;

one end of the deformation sensing wire 4 is fixedly wound on the fixed beam 3 and then is connected with the data processing module, and is in signal link connection with the data transmission module, the server and the prediction terminal through the data processing module;

the other end of the deformation sensing line 4 is fixedly connected with the suspension 5 and is suspended and immersed in the fluid 2 through the suspension 5;

the deformation sensing line 4 is made of a conductive material capable of generating elastic deformation.

The working principle is as follows: the suspension 5 enables the deformation sensing line 4 to naturally hang down into the fluid 2, meanwhile, the suspension 5 is driven to displace by the flushing of the fluid 2, and the deformation sensing line 4 is driven to deform by the suspension 5. Under the condition that the weight of the suspended object 5 is known, the deformation magnitude generated by the suspended object 5 driving the deformation sensing line 4 under different scouring forces can be summarized;

the deformation sensing wire 4 is made of a conductive material, and in the process that the deformation sensing wire 4 is lengthened or retracted along with the reduction of the pulling force, the diameter of the deformation sensing wire 4 is reduced along with the increase of the length, the diameter of the deformation sensing wire 4 is increased along with the reduction of the length, and the change of the resistance value is brought between the diameter and the length, the deformation sensing wire 4 serves as an electric conductor, and the calculation of the resistance value is represented by the following formula:

R=ρ*L/S （1）

where ρ is the material resistivity of the electrical conductor;

l is the length of the electrical conductor;

s is the area of the cross section of the electrical conductor;

r is the resistance value of the electrical conductor.

The volume of the electrical conductor has the following calculation formula:

V=L*S （2）

where V is the volume of the electrical conductor.

From the formula (1) and the formula (2), the following calculation formula of the resistance value of the electric conductor can be obtained:

R=L*L*ρ/V；

therefore, under the condition that the resistivity of the material of the deformation sensing wire 4 is known, the corresponding flow velocity of the fluid 2 can be calculated according to the resistance value obtained by the electric signal transmitted by the deformation sensing wire 4. And then, judging the characteristics of the debris flow, setting a debris flow velocity threshold, and when the monitored velocity exceeds the threshold, indicating that the water flow is turbulent and the like, so that the risk of the debris flow bursting exists. At the same time, a sudden and large increase in flow rate is reported, since it is likely to be the case of a sudden debris flow.

Through the arrangement, the flow speed of the fluid 2 can be monitored in real time, so that early warning can be performed on the debris flow better and more accurately.

Example 2:

in this embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment 1, in order to better implement the present invention, further, the deformation sensing line 4 includes a fiber pipe and a conductive filler;

the fiber pipeline is made of deformable fiber materials, and the conductive filler is arranged in an inner pipe of the fiber pipeline. The diameter or width of the inner tube passage is smaller than that of the conductive filler, and the cross section of the inner tube passage can be in a circular shape, a triangular shape, a rectangular shape, an oval shape, a polygonal shape, an irregular shape and the like.

The working principle is as follows: the fiber pipeline can be deformed to reduce the diameter in the pipeline and can also drive the conductive filler to reduce the diameter; meanwhile, the fiber pipeline can be insulated and protected, and conductive fillers can be protected. During actual measurement, the resistance value of the conductive filler is measured, the fiber pipeline can greatly guarantee the long-time use of the conductive filler, and the influence on the measurement precision caused by the loss or damage of the conductive filler due to the application in the field or in a severe environment is avoided.

The fiber conduits are environmentally sensitive materials including, but not limited to, shape memory polymer fibers, hydrogel fibers, shape memory polymer doped fibers, and other sensitive deformable materials, doped materials. The conductive filler comprises an electrical material, which includes but is not limited to a liquid metal, a piezoelectric material, a piezoresistive material, and other materials or devices that can generate an electrical signal along with deformation. The conductive filler can be made of flexible and insulating materials such as Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the like to be packaged and connected with the conductive ends at two ends in a lap joint mode, so that the electrical performance of the internal material is not affected.

Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and thus are not described again.

Example 3:

in this embodiment, on the basis of any one of the above embodiments 1-2, in order to better implement the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, and fig. 5, further, the suspension 5 is spherical.

The working principle is as follows: the spherical suspension 5 can better and more uniformly receive the scouring of the fluid 2, the stress is uniform, the back tension on the deformation sensing wire 4 is relatively more uniform and accurate, and the spherical suspension can be better stored in the fluid 2 and is not easily damaged by other impurities in the fluid 2. In all aspects, a spherical shape is a better choice.

Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1-2 described above, and thus are not described again.

Example 4:

in this embodiment, on the basis of any one of the above embodiments 1 to 3, in order to better implement the present invention, further, a spring is further included, one end of the spring is disposed on the fixed beam 3, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the suspension 5; the deformation sensing line 4 penetrates through the spring to be connected with the fixed beam 3 and the suspension 5; and when no fluid 2 acts and no deformation sensing wire 4 is arranged on the suspension 5, the pulling force of the spring on the suspension 5 is equal to the gravity of the suspension 5.

The working principle is as follows: the spring can be to deformation sensing line 4 its certain guard action, avoids too big pulling force to cause deformation sensing line 4's damage etc..

Selecting a spring:

length-selected according to the specific layout scene, one end of the spring (diameter 5-10 mm) is connected with the small ball, the other end is connected with the fixed beam,

the position of the hanging object 5 which naturally hangs down needs to be below 1/4 of the water level in the full water period or 30-50 cm higher than the bottom riverbed;

rigidity-based on the actual rainwater law of the region combined with the expert advice of geological disasters, proper materials and specifications are selected, and the volume weight is required to be less than or equal to 1.5t/m³The fiber can bear the water flow impact equivalent to the annual maximum peak water flow and flow velocity, plays a role in protecting the intelligent fiber, deforms in the same proportion with the intelligent fiber under the condition of no fracture, and needs to consider corrosion prevention.

The mass of the suspension 5-linking the suspension 5 to the spring, in the suspended rest state, the suspension 5 gravity = spring tension and its weight does not cause the deformation sensing wire 4 to fail when the suspension 5 is directly hung on the lower end of the deformation sensing wire 4.

And the deformation sensing line 4 penetrates through the spring, one end of the deformation sensing line is connected with the suspension 5, the other end of the deformation sensing line is connected with the fixed beam 3, and the length of the deformation sensing line is kept to be the same as that of the spring which is kept in a static state after the suspension 5 is suspended.

Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1 to 3, and thus are not described again.

Example 5:

in this embodiment, on the basis of any one of the above embodiments 1 to 4, in order to better implement the present invention, as further shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, and fig. 5:

as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the fixed beams 3 are provided in multiple groups, and each group of fixed beams 3 is arranged at different flow sections of the fluid 2 at intervals; and the lengths of the deformation sensing lines 4 arranged on each group of fixed beams 3 are correspondingly consistent.

As shown in fig. 2, in order to better implement the present invention, further, a plurality of sets of deformation sensing lines 4 are disposed on one set of the fixed beam 3; the lengths of the deformation sensing lines 4 on the fixed beam 3 are different.

As shown in fig. 1, the fixed beam 3 may be selected to have both ends fixed to one side of the fluid 2, and in some cases, as shown in fig. 5, a cantilever beam structure fixed to a single side of the fluid 2 may be used. The device has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, convenient transportation, simple construction and strong maneuverability. Since the formation of debris flow is mostly caused by continuous heavy rain or heavy rainfall in the area, there is uncertainty in the location of the sensors. The device has small volume, light weight and simple construction, so observation points can be arranged in a debris flow formation area with extremely high maneuverability, the development situation of the debris flow formation area is monitored, and early warning signals are sent to the downstream in time after the debris flow is formed at the upstream.

The working principle is as follows: the flow velocity of different flow sections can be measured by comprehensively calculating the electric signals transmitted by the deformation sensing lines 4 on the fixed beams 3 of different flow sections of the fluid 2, and the current flow velocity of the fluid 2 can be comprehensively evaluated.

Through comprehensive calculation of electric signals transmitted by the deformation sensing lines 4 with different heights on the same fixed beam 3, more accurate data under the position of the fluid 2 can be obtained.

Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1 to 4, and thus are not described again.

Example 6:

the embodiment also provides a debris flow early warning method based on the debris flow early warning device; the debris flow early warning method comprises the following steps:

step 1: placing a suspension object 5 in the fluid 2 in a hanging manner, driving the suspension object 5 to generate displacement through the fluid 2, and driving the deformation sensing line 4 to be pulled to generate deformation;

step 2: calculating a relational expression of corresponding deformation quantities and electric signals of the deformation sensing line 4 in the fluid 2 with different flow rates;

and step 3: in the actual measurement, the deformation sensing line 4 is subjected to electric signal transmission, and when the deformation sensing line 4 is pulled; the data processing module is used for receiving the electric signals transmitted by the deformation sensing line 4, and the current resistance value is calculated according to the material resistivity, the length and the resistance value of the deformation sensing line 4;

Example 7:

in this embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment 6, in order to better implement the present invention, further, data actually monitored each time is recorded to enrich a database, and a machine learning algorithm is adopted to perform modified learning on monitoring.

The working principle is as follows: the algorithm monitoring is carried out through the computer artificial intelligence AI, so that the monitoring is more accurate. Meanwhile, deep learning means including but not limited to machine learning model training, genetic algorithm and the like are added to continuously enrich the database and optimize the monitored structure.

Example 8:

the embodiment also provides a debris flow early warning method, which is based on the debris flow early warning device that the suspenders with different heights are arranged on the same fixed beam, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

and step 3: in the actual measurement, the deformation sensing line 4 is subjected to electric signal transmission, and when the deformation sensing line 4 is pulled; the data processing module is used for receiving the electric signals transmitted by the deformation sensing line 4, and the current electric signal feedback value is calculated according to the material resistivity, the length and the resistance value of the deformation sensing line 4; measuring the current water level according to the suspensions 5 with different heights arranged on the same fixed beam 3;

The working principle is as follows: the suspension objects 5 with different heights are arranged on the same fixed beam 3, when the suspension objects 5 are on the water level, the stress keeps certain stability, and the stress fluctuation is not large, so that the feedback signals received by the system are relatively stable; when the suspended object 5 is in the fluid 2 and the suspended object 5 on the water level is in contact with the water surface in the process of rising of the water level, the suspended object 5 is subjected to upward buoyancy, the stress changes to cause the change of the electric signal feedback, meanwhile, when the water level drops, the suspended object 5 in the fluid 2 is separated from the fluid 2, the received buoyancy disappears, and the water level can be monitored by monitoring the conditions and combining different heights of the suspended object 5. Meanwhile, the water level data and the flow rate are combined to monitor the debris flow occurrence condition, so that the monitoring effect is better.

The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 7, and thus, the description thereof is omitted.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A debris flow early warning device is used for monitoring the flow speed of a fluid (2) in real time and giving an alarm for the possible debris flow; the system is characterized by comprising a flow velocity sensor, a data processing module, a data transmission module, a server and a prediction terminal;

the flow velocity sensor comprises a fixed beam (3), a deformation sensing line (4) and a suspension (5);

the end part of the fixed beam (3) is fixedly arranged on a fluid bank (1) positioned at the side edge of the fluid (2), and the beam body is erected above the fluid (2);

one end of the deformation sensing wire (4) is fixedly wound on the fixed beam (3) and then is connected with the data processing module, and is in signal link connection with the data transmission module, the server and the prediction terminal through the data processing module;

the other end of the deformation sensing line (4) is fixedly connected with the suspension (5) and is vertically suspended and immersed in the fluid (2) through the suspension (5);

the deformation sensing line (4) is made of a conductive material capable of generating elastic deformation.

2. The debris flow warning device according to claim 1, wherein the deformation sensing wire (4) comprises a fiber pipe and a conductive filler;

3. The debris flow warning device of claim 2, wherein the conductive filler is a conductive liquid or an elastically deformable conductive solid.

4. A debris flow warning device according to claim 1, wherein the suspension (5) is spherical.

5. A debris flow warning device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, further comprising a spring, wherein one end of the spring is arranged on the fixed beam (3), and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the suspension (5); the deformation sensing line (4) penetrates through the spring to be connected with the fixed beam (3) and the suspension (5); and when the fluid (2) does not act and the deformation sensing line (4) is not arranged on the suspension (5), the pulling force of the spring on the suspension (5) is equal to the gravity of the suspension (5).

6. A debris flow warning device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the fixed beams (3) are arranged in a plurality of groups, and each group of fixed beams (3) is arranged at different flow sections of the fluid (2) at intervals; and the lengths of the deformation sensing lines (4) arranged on each group of fixed beams (3) are correspondingly consistent.

7. The debris flow warning device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein a plurality of deformation sensing lines (4) are arranged on one group of the fixed beams (3); the lengths of the deformation sensing lines (4) on the fixed beam (3) are different.

8. A debris flow early warning method, based on the debris flow early warning device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, comprising the steps of:

step 1: the suspension object (5) is hung down and placed in the fluid (2), the fluid (2) drives the suspension object (5) to displace, and drives the deformation sensing line (4) to be pulled to deform;

step 2: calculating a relational expression of corresponding deformation quantities and electric signals of the deformation sensing line (4) in the fluid (2) with different flow rates;

and step 3: in actual measurement, electric signal transmission is carried out on the deformation sensing wire (4), and when the deformation sensing wire (4) is pulled; the data processing module is used for receiving the electric signals transmitted by the deformation sensing line (4), and the current electric signal feedback value is calculated according to the material resistivity, the length and the resistance value of the deformation sensing line (4);

and 4, step 4: the data processing module sends the calculated electric signal feedback value to a server through a data transmission module to obtain a corresponding current flow rate through conversion, and whether alarming is needed or not is judged according to the current flow rate; the concrete judgment is as follows: setting a flow rate alarm threshold value, and alarming when the monitored flow rate is greater than the flow rate alarm threshold value; and setting a flow rate increase threshold value, and alarming when the real-time fluctuation of the flow rate monitored in real time exceeds the flow rate increase threshold value.

9. The debris flow warning method according to claim 8, wherein data of each actual monitoring is recorded to enrich a database, and a machine learning algorithm is adopted to perform correction learning on monitoring.

10. A debris flow early warning method based on the debris flow early warning device of claim 7, comprising the following steps:

and step 3: in actual measurement, electric signal transmission is carried out on the deformation sensing wire (4), and when the deformation sensing wire (4) is pulled; the data processing module is used for receiving the electric signals transmitted by the deformation sensing line (4), and the current electric signal feedback value is calculated according to the material resistivity, the length and the resistance value of the deformation sensing line (4); measuring the current water level according to the suspensions (5) with different heights arranged on the same fixed beam (3);