CN114370926B - Optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system - Google Patents
Optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114370926B CN114370926B CN202111609650.2A CN202111609650A CN114370926B CN 114370926 B CN114370926 B CN 114370926B CN 202111609650 A CN202111609650 A CN 202111609650A CN 114370926 B CN114370926 B CN 114370926B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of on-line monitoring of power equipment, and particularly relates to a vibration sensing system of an optical fiber distributed power transformer. According to the invention, when the power transformer has internal mechanical faults, vibration signals on the surface of the box body are changed into theoretical basis, and the distributed optical fiber sensing system is designed to wind and adhere sensing optical fibers in a snake shape on the surface of the transformer oil box, so that vibration signals of hundreds of measuring points of the transformer can be acquired and demodulated in real time, and the defects of few measuring points, low sensitivity, easiness in electromagnetic interference, low spatial resolution and the like in the prior art are overcome. The invention can furthest reduce noise influence by using a low-noise narrow linewidth laser, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and a band-pass filter; the signal to noise ratio can be further improved by adding the reference optical fiber; the optical fiber protection layer and the armored optical cable can effectively protect the sensing optical fiber, and have the advantages of distributed type, electromagnetic interference resistance, long-term reliability, electric insulation, high spatial resolution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of on-line monitoring of power equipment, and particularly relates to a vibration sensing system of an optical fiber distributed power transformer.
Background
Power transformers are important power devices in power systems. According to statistics, among various internal mechanical faults of the transformer, the mechanical faults such as winding deformation, winding looseness, iron core looseness and the like occupy larger proportion. During operation of the transformer, due to the influence of periodic ampere force of the winding, magnetostriction of the iron core, starting of cooling equipment and the like, periodic vibration signals are generated, and the vibration signals are transmitted to the oil tank through transformer oil and the bottom support base and carry state information of an internal mechanical structure. When a mechanical failure occurs in the transformer, the vibration signal of the oil tank changes correspondingly. Therefore, by arranging the vibration sensor on the wall surface of the transformer oil tank, the internal mechanical state can be effectively reflected by collecting the vibration waveform, and the structural defect can be timely found, so that the method has great significance in ensuring the normal operation of the transformer.
At present, a permanent magnet is directly adopted to paste a piezoelectric or charge acceleration sensor on the wall of a box body for collecting vibration signals of a power transformer box body, the method is simple and easy to implement, but because the shell of a sensing probe is generally made of metal, the accuracy of a detection result is easily reduced due to power frequency electromagnetic interference, the number of probes which can be arranged in one detection is limited, and simultaneous measurement of a large number of measuring points on each part of the wall of the transformer box body is difficult to realize, so that the detection result is greatly influenced by accidental factors, and the reliability of fault diagnosis is reduced.
The optical fiber sensing technology is a sensing technology which uses optical fibers as carriers and senses and detects physical quantities around the optical fibers. The optical fiber is subjected to external physical quantities such as: when the temperature, pressure, strain, electric field, displacement and the like are affected, the intensity, phase, frequency, polarization state and the like of the internally transmitted light wave can change regularly, and the change of the external physical quantity can be inverted by detecting the change rule of the light wave. In recent years, the optical fiber sensing technology has rapid development, low cost of optical fiber sensing, good insulating property, high sensitivity and excellent reliability in the aspect of electrical sensing. The optical fiber-vibration sensing combined method, particularly the optical interference-based sensing method, has great application potential in the aspect of detecting the vibration signals of the transformer, but the application of the technology for vibration sensing of the power transformer is rarely seen.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of few point type measurement points, easy interference, inconvenient wiring and the like of the traditional acceleration sensor, the invention provides an optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system, which realizes simultaneous acquisition of vibration signals of multiple measurement points by arranging sensing optical fibers in a snake shape on the surface of a transformer oil tank; the outer layer is laid with an optical fiber protection layer, and an armored optical cable is used for connecting sensing optical fibers from the leading-out end of the transformer box body to the middle part of the end of the access detection device, so that the effect of protecting the sensing optical fibers is achieved; a low-noise narrow linewidth laser is adopted to ensure the quality of a light source; repeatedly injecting detection light pulses into the sensing optical fibers to traverse the whole sensing optical fibers, extracting phase changes of scattered light signals, and obtaining vibration information of each position of the transformer oil tank; by adding the reference optical fiber, the signal to noise ratio is improved by utilizing the beat frequency of the two paths of optical signals, the detailed information of the time and the space measured in the sensing optical fiber area can be obtained, the continuous measurement with large range and high spatial resolution can be realized, and the method is suitable for detecting the vibration of the transformer oil tank. The system can acquire vibration waveform information of thousands of measuring points at a time, the spatial resolution can reach 0.2 meter, the vibration detection frequency band is 0-10kHz, and the vibration frequency of the transformer is usually 1kHz at most, so that the vibration signal on the surface of the transformer oil tank can be effectively detected. The method has the advantages of distributed type, electromagnetic interference resistance, long-term reliability, electric insulation, high spatial resolution and the like which are not possessed by the traditional detection method.
The system comprises a low-noise narrow linewidth laser, a sensing optical fiber, a reference optical fiber, an optical fiber isolator, an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber circulator, an acousto-optic frequency shifter, a driver, a photoelectric detector, a semiconductor optical amplifier, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a band-pass filter, a polarization beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a signal generator, a photoelectric detector, an optical fiber protection layer, a demodulation system and an armored optical cable; the narrow linewidth laser emitted by the narrow linewidth laser is divided into two paths of a sensing arm and a reference arm by a 1X 2 optical fiber coupler after passing through an optical fiber isolator, one path of the sensing arm is sequentially connected with an acousto-optic frequency shifter, a semiconductor optical amplifier and an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier in series, noise is filtered by a band-pass filter and then is connected with a No. 1 port of an annular device, a No. 2 port of the annular device is connected with a sensing optical fiber, the vibration of a transformer can cause the property of the sensing optical fiber to change, the change can be equivalently that a series of refraction gratings are established in the sensing optical fiber, the laser generates back scattered light under the action of the refraction gratings, and vibration information is carried. The back scattered light is output through a No. 3 port of the circulator, then is sequentially input into an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a band-pass filter and a polarization beam splitter, and is input into a balanced photoelectric detector after polarization separation and frequency mixing with original reference light from a reference arm, and the electric signal is output to a data acquisition card by the balance photoelectric detector, and the optical phase containing vibration information is demodulated by a demodulation system.
The sensing optical fiber is tightly sleeved with a single-mode optical fiber with the polyurethane sheath of 0.9mm diameter, is coiled in a serpentine shape and firmly stuck on the surface of the transformer oil tank, has a serpentine turning radian of 180 degrees and a radius of 5cm, and is spaced by 10cm between adjacent parallel optical fibers. The epoxy resin glue is used for optical fiber pasting, so that pasting firmness and vibration transmission efficiency are guaranteed, meanwhile, an aluminum foil tape with the thickness of 0.2mm is attached to the outer layer of the wall of the transformer tank to which the optical fibers are pasted to serve as an optical fiber protection layer so as to prevent the optical fibers from being damaged and falling off, and an adhesive tape attaching area should cover all optical fiber pasting areas, so that the specification of the transformer is selected specifically.
The reference optical fiber is a common single-mode quartz optical fiber.
The phase demodulation device is software based on Labview programming, receives waveform information from the data acquisition card, and demodulates the optical phase.
The laser adopts a low-noise narrow linewidth laser, and the laser has 30mW output light power and 100Hz linewidth, and is used for providing a low-noise light source and ensuring the detection precision of a system.
The optical fiber circulator is a non-reversible device for transmitting incident waves entering any port of the optical fiber circulator into the next port in sequence according to the direction determined by the static magnetic field and transmitting the high-frequency signal energy in one direction, and has the functions of transmitting light source signals in one direction to a sensing optical fiber and transmitting back scattered light in one direction to a second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, and has the functions of transmitting in one direction and protecting a laser.
The acousto-optic frequency shifter diffracts incident light through the ultrasonic grating to change the propagation direction and the phase of the incident light, and the frequency of the diffracted light is superposed with the ultrasonic frequency of 40MHz on the basis of the original input light frequency so as to prepare for subsequent beat frequency.
The semiconductor optical amplifier receives pulse signals with the repetition frequency of 20KHz and the pulse width of 2ns from the signal generator, adjusts the incident continuous light to pulse light with the repetition frequency of 20KHz and the pulse width of 2ns, and has the corresponding spatial resolution of 0.2m and the effective frequency band of 0-10KHz.
The erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is a device for amplifying input light by doping trace erbium ions into a single-mode quartz optical fiber and utilizing particle number inversion, and plays roles of amplifying signal light and improving signal-to-noise ratio.
The band-pass filter has the center frequency matched with the output light center wavelength of the laser and the bandwidth of 0.2nm, and plays a role in filtering the noise of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier device.
Two schemes can be adopted in the actual detection process.
1. And (5) inspection. The sealed junction box is arranged beside the transformer to be tested, the junction box body is made of stainless steel, the junction box body is grounded, the detection device is integrally arranged in the box, the junction box is kept in a closed state at ordinary times, the junction box body can be opened during inspection, and an armored optical cable is used for connecting sensing optical fibers with the optical fiber input end of the detection device, so that detection at any time is realized.
2. And (5) an on-line monitoring type. The detection device is placed in the cabinet in the relay protection chamber, reliable connection between the detection device and the sensing optical fiber is kept all the time, and online monitoring of the vibration state and timely early warning are realized.
The technical effects of the invention are as follows.
Compared with the traditional acceleration probe, the vibration sensing system of the optical fiber distributed power transformer has higher spatial resolution, larger detection range and hundreds of times of detection points; the sensing system can acquire and demodulate the phase signal in real time, so that real-time monitoring of the vibration of the transformer is possible. The optical fiber arrangement method provided by the invention increases the contact area between the optical fiber and the transformer box body, and greatly improves the detection point number and the detection range; the optical fiber protective layer is arranged to effectively protect the sensing optical fiber and prevent the optical fiber from being damaged or falling off in the using process; the two detection schemes provided by the invention can flexibly select the inspection type or the online detection type scheme according to the specific conditions of different stations, and have wider application range and higher selectivity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of an optical fiber distributed vibration sensing device provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an arrangement of the device provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber protection layer application provided by the present invention.
The laser is characterized in that 1 is a low-noise narrow linewidth laser, 2 is an optical fiber isolator, 3 is a 1×2 optical fiber coupler, 4 is an acousto-optic frequency shifter, 5 is a semiconductor optical amplifier, 6 and 10 are erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers, 7 and 11 are band-pass filters, 8 is an optical fiber circulator, 9 is a 0.9 mm-diameter polyurethane sheath tightly sleeved single-mode sensing optical fiber, 12 and 13 are polarization beam splitters, 14 and 15 are 90-degree optical frequency mixers, 16 is a photoelectric detector, 17 is a data acquisition card, 18 is a phase demodulation system, 19 is an acousto-optic frequency shifter drive, 20 is a signal generator, 21 is a reference optical fiber, 22 is a transformer oil tank wall, 23 is an optical fiber protection layer, 24 is a sensing system whole, and 25 is an armored optical cable.
Detailed Description
The embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
The invention provides a vibration sensing system of a power transformer based on optical fiber distribution, which comprises a low-noise narrow-linewidth laser, a sensing optical fiber, a reference arm optical fiber, an optical fiber isolator, an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber circulator, an acousto-optic frequency shifter, a driving photoelectric detector, a semiconductor optical amplifier, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a band-pass filter, a polarization beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a signal generator, a photoelectric detector, an optical fiber protection layer, a demodulation system and an armored optical cable.
As shown in FIG. 1, is the present inventionThe topological graph of the vibration sensing system of the power transformer based on the optical fiber distribution is provided. The narrow linewidth laser 1 is connected with the input end of the optical fiber isolator 2, so that reflected light is prevented from entering the laser 1; the output end of the optical fiber isolator 2 is connected with the 1×2 optical fiber coupler 3, and the optical path is divided into a sensing arm and a reference arm. The sensing arm optical fiber is sequentially connected with the acousto-optic frequency shifter 4, the semiconductor optical amplifier 5 and the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 6, noise is filtered by the band-pass filter 7, the sensing arm optical fiber is connected with the No. 1 port of the circulator 8, the No. 2 port of the circulator 8 is connected with the sensing optical fiber 9, the No. 3 port output of the circulator 8 is sequentially connected with the input end of the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 10, the band-pass filter 11 and the polarizing beam splitter 12, the reference arm optical fiber 21 is connected with the input end of the polarizing beam splitter 13, the two polarizing beam splitters 12 and 13 respectively output P polarized light to the 90-degree optical mixer 14 and S polarized light to the 90-degree optical mixer 15, and the phase difference is 90 degrees after mixing Light and method for producing the same The balanced photoelectric detector 16 converts the 4 paths of optical signals into electric signals and inputs the electric signals into the data acquisition card 17, and the acquisition card 17 sends waveform data into the demodulation system 18 to realize vibration phase demodulation. By means ofThe optical phase information can be calculated.
The signal generator 20 is connected to the acousto-optic frequency shifter driver 19 and the semiconductor optical amplifier 5 via coaxial cables, respectively, and sends a direct current signal and a pulse signal to the two. The whole sensing system 24 is arranged in a metal box, and a detection optical fiber 9 leading-out hole and a beat frequency electric signal output interface are reserved in the box body. The middle part of the sensing optical fiber 9 from the outgoing end of the transformer tank 22 to the access detection device end 24 should be connected by using an armored optical cable 25, so as to avoid the damage of the optical fiber 9.
Fig. 2 and fig. 3 are a schematic layout diagram and a schematic layout diagram of an optical fiber protection layer of a vibration sensing system of a power transformer based on optical fiber distribution. The sensing optical fiber 9 is tightly sleeved with a single-mode optical fiber with the polyurethane sheath of 0.9mm in diameter, is firmly adhered to the surface of the transformer oil tank 22 in a serpentine shape, has a serpentine turning radian of 180 degrees and a radius of 5cm, and is spaced by 10cm between adjacent parallel optical fibers. The optical fiber is pasted and uses epoxy resin glue, so that pasting firmness and vibration transmission efficiency are guaranteed, meanwhile, an aluminum foil tape with the thickness of 0.2mm is attached to the outer layer of the wall of the transformer tank pasted with the optical fiber to serve as an optical fiber protection layer 23 so as to prevent the optical fiber from being damaged and falling off, and an adhesive tape attaching area should cover all optical fiber pasting areas, so that the specification of the transformer is selected specifically.
Two schemes can be adopted in the actual detection process.
1. And (5) inspection. The sealed junction box is arranged beside the transformer to be tested, the junction box body is made of stainless steel, the junction box body is grounded, the detection device 24 is integrally arranged in the box, the junction box is kept in a closed state at ordinary times, the junction box body can be opened during inspection, and the armored optical cable 25 is used for connecting the sensing optical fiber 9 with the optical fiber input end of the detection device 24, so that the detection at any time is realized.
2. And (5) an on-line monitoring type. The detection device 24 is placed in a cabinet in the relay protection room, reliable connection between the detection device 24 and the sensing optical fiber 9 is kept all the time, and online monitoring of vibration state and timely early warning are realized.
Claims (6)
1. The optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system is characterized by mainly comprising a low-noise narrow-linewidth laser (1), a sensing optical fiber (9), a reference optical fiber (21), an optical fiber isolator (2), an optical fiber coupler (3), an optical fiber ring (8), an acousto-optic frequency shifter (4) and a driving device (19) thereof, a photoelectric detector (16), a semiconductor optical amplifier (5), a first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (6), a second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (10), a first bandpass filter (7), a second bandpass filter (11), a first polarization beam splitter (12), a second polarization beam splitter (13), a first 90-degree optical hybrid (14), a second 90-degree optical hybrid (15), a signal generator (20), a data acquisition card (17), an optical fiber protection layer (23), a demodulation system (18) and an armor (25), wherein the low-noise narrow-linewidth laser (1) is sequentially connected with the optical fiber isolator (2), the optical fiber coupler (3), the acousto-optic frequency shifter (4), the semiconductor optical amplifier (5), the first bandpass filter (7), the second bandpass filter (11), the first polarizing beam splitter (13), the second 90-degree optical hybrid (15), the signal generator (20), the data acquisition card (17), the demodulation system (18) and the armor (25), and the optical fiber amplifier (25), which are sequentially connected with the optical fiber isolator (8) The second band-pass filter (11) and the first polarization beam splitter (12), wherein a reference optical fiber (21) led out by the optical fiber coupler (3) is connected with the second polarization beam splitter (13) and then is connected with the first 90-degree optical mixer (14) and the second 90-degree optical mixer (15) together with the sensing arm, and then is sequentially connected with the photoelectric detector (16), the data acquisition card (17) and the demodulation system (18);
the low-noise narrow linewidth laser (1) outputs narrow linewidth continuous light, and the acousto-optic frequency shifter (4) superimposes the frequency of the diffracted light at 40MHz on the basis of the frequency of the original input light; the vibration frequency range of the transformer is 0-1000Hz, the size of the box body is less than 10m multiplied by 10m, vibration signals generated by the three-phase iron core and the winding are distributed on the surface of the box body of the transformer, and the spatial resolution of the sensor is required to be less than 0.3m for detecting the vibration signals of each phase without aliasing; in order to realize fault location, a sensor is required to be capable of measuring vibration signals of a plurality of measuring points on the wall surface of the oil tank, and in order to realize effective acquisition of vibration signals of a transformer, the signal generator (20) sends pulse signals with the repetition frequency of 20KHz and the pulse width of 2ns to the semiconductor optical amplifier (5), and the pulse signals with the pulse width of 2ns adjust continuous light into optical pulses with the pulse width of 2ns and the repetition frequency of 20KHz, so that the achievable spatial resolution is 0.2m, and the effective frequency band is 0-10KHz;
the second polarization beam splitter (13), the first 90-degree optical mixer (14), the second 90-degree optical mixer (15), the photoelectric detector (16) and the data acquisition card (17) respectively conduct polarization beam splitting and independent acquisition on the sensitive light and the reference light in the sensing system, and respectively conduct independent frequency mixing and phase demodulation on P light and S light components of the sensitive light and the reference light.
2. The vibration sensing system of the optical fiber distributed power transformer according to claim 1, wherein the sensing optical fiber (9) is tightly sleeved with a single-mode optical fiber with the diameter of 0.9mm, the sensing optical fiber is coiled in a snake shape and firmly stuck to the front, the side and the bottom of the transformer oil tank during arrangement, the snake-shaped turning radian is 180 degrees, the radius is 5cm, the distance between adjacent parallel optical fibers is 10cm, epoxy resin glue is used for sticking the optical fiber, the firmness of sticking and the vibration transmission efficiency are ensured, and an optical fiber protection layer (23) is additionally arranged on the outer layer of the wall of the transformer oil tank stuck with the optical fiber.
3. The vibration sensing system of the optical fiber distributed power transformer according to claim 1, wherein the first band-pass filter (7) and the second band-pass filter (11) have a center frequency matched with the center wavelength of the laser output light and a bandwidth of 0.2nm, and are used for filtering noise of the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier (6) and the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (10); the first polarizing beam splitter (12) and the second polarizing beam splitter (13) respectively divide the sensing light and the reference light into two paths of light beams in orthogonal polarization states of P light and S light, the P light of the sensing light and the reference light generates phase shift and generates frequency mixing in the first 90-degree optical mixer (14) and outputs two paths of orthogonal beat signals, and the two paths of S light generate similar effects in the second 90-degree optical mixer (15); the photoelectric detector (16) converts the orthogonal beat frequency optical signals of P light and S light into electric signals, the electric signals are collected by the data collection card (17), and the demodulation system (18) demodulates the vibration time domain signals on the whole sensing optical fiber path.
4. The fiber optic distributed power transformer vibration sensing system of claim 1, wherein: the phase demodulation of the beat frequency signals is carried out by adopting a 90-degree optical mixer and an arctangent algorithm, one optical signal is carried out by the 90-degree optical mixer after 90-degree phase shift, and then the other optical signal is mixed with the 90-degree optical mixer, two paths of orthogonal beat frequency signals I (t) and Q (t) are output, and the arctangent algorithm is usedAnd demodulating vibration phase information carried by the scattered light signal.
5. An optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system according to claim 1, wherein the armored optical fiber cable (25) is used for connecting the sensing optical fiber (9) from the outgoing end of the transformer box to the middle part of the incoming detection device end.
6. A vibration sensing system of a fiber optic distributed power transformer according to claim 2, wherein the optical fiber protective layer (23) uses a 0.2mm thick aluminum foil tape as a protective material, and the tape attaching area covers all the optical fiber attaching areas.
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