CN114370926A - Optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system - Google Patents
Optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114370926A CN114370926A CN202111609650.2A CN202111609650A CN114370926A CN 114370926 A CN114370926 A CN 114370926A CN 202111609650 A CN202111609650 A CN 202111609650A CN 114370926 A CN114370926 A CN 114370926A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of on-line monitoring of power equipment, and particularly relates to an optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system. According to the invention, based on the principle that when the power transformer has an internal mechanical fault, the vibration signal on the surface of the box body is changed into a theoretical signal, the sensing optical fiber is wound in a snake shape and is adhered to the surface of the transformer oil tank by designing the distributed optical fiber sensing system, so that the vibration signals of hundreds of measuring points of the transformer can be collected and demodulated in real time, and the defects of few measuring points, low sensitivity, easiness in electromagnetic interference, low spatial resolution and the like in the prior art are overcome. The invention uses low-noise narrow linewidth laser, erbium-doped fiber amplifier and band-pass filter to reduce noise influence to the utmost extent; the signal-to-noise ratio can be further improved by adding the reference fiber; the arrangement of the optical fiber protective layer and the armored optical cable can effectively protect the sensing optical fiber and has the advantages of distribution, electromagnetic interference resistance, long-term reliability, electric insulation, high spatial resolution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of on-line monitoring of power equipment, and particularly relates to an optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system.
Background
Power transformers are important power devices in power systems. According to statistics, mechanical faults such as winding deformation, winding looseness, iron core looseness and the like in various internal mechanical faults of the transformer account for a large proportion. The transformer is influenced by periodic ampere force of a winding, magnetostriction of an iron core, opening of cooling equipment and the like in operation, periodic vibration signals are generated and transmitted to the oil tank through transformer oil and the bottom supporting base, and state information of an internal mechanical structure is carried. When a mechanical fault occurs inside the transformer, the vibration signal of the oil tank changes correspondingly. Therefore, the vibration sensor is arranged on the surface of the oil tank wall of the transformer, the vibration waveform of the vibration sensor is collected to effectively reflect the internal mechanical state, the structural defect is found in time, and the vibration sensor has great significance for ensuring the normal operation of the transformer.
At present, most of the vibration signals of the box body of the power transformer are acquired by directly sticking a piezoelectric type or charge type acceleration sensor on the box wall by using a permanent magnet, the method is simple and easy to implement, but because the shell of a sensing probe is generally made of metal, the accuracy of a detection result is easy to reduce due to power frequency electromagnetic interference, the quantity of the probes which can be arranged in one detection is limited, and simultaneous measurement of a large number of measuring points on each part of the box wall of the transformer is difficult to realize, so that the detection result is greatly influenced by accidental factors, and the reliability of fault diagnosis is reduced.
The optical fiber sensing technology is a sensing technology which takes an optical fiber as a carrier and senses and detects physical quantities around the optical fiber. The optical fiber is subjected to external physical quantities such as: when the temperature, the pressure, the strain, the electric field, the displacement and the like are influenced, the intensity, the phase, the frequency, the polarization state and the like of the internal transmission light wave can be changed according to a certain rule, and the change of the external physical quantity can be inverted by detecting the change rule of the light wave. In recent years, the optical fiber sensing technology is rapidly developed, and the optical fiber sensing has the advantages of low cost, good insulating property, high sensitivity and excellent reliability in the aspect of electrical sensing. The method combining optical fiber and vibration sensing, particularly the sensing method based on optical interference, has great application potential in the aspect of transformer vibration signal detection, but the application of the technology for vibration sensing of a power transformer is rarely seen.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of few point measurement points, high possibility of interference, inconvenience in wiring and the like of the traditional acceleration sensor point-mode measurement, the invention provides an optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system, wherein the simultaneous acquisition of vibration signals of multiple points is realized by arranging sensing optical fibers on the surface of a transformer oil tank in a snake shape; an optical fiber protective layer is laid on the outer layer, and an armored optical cable is used for connecting the sensing optical fiber from the leading-out end of the transformer box body to the middle part of the end connected with the detection device, so that the sensing optical fiber is protected; the quality of a light source is ensured by adopting a low-noise narrow linewidth laser; repeatedly injecting detection light pulses into the sensing optical fibers to traverse the whole sensing optical fibers, extracting phase change of scattered light signals and acquiring vibration information of each position of the transformer oil tank; by adding the reference optical fiber, the beat frequency is carried out by utilizing two paths of optical signals, the signal to noise ratio is improved, the detailed information of the time and the space to be measured in the sensing optical fiber area can be obtained, the continuous measurement with large range and high spatial resolution can be realized, and the method is suitable for the detection of the vibration of the transformer oil tank. The system can acquire vibration waveform information of thousands of measuring points at one time, the spatial resolution can reach 0.2 meter, the vibration detection frequency band is 0-10kHz, and the vibration frequency of the transformer is usually 1kHz at most, so that the vibration signal on the surface of the transformer oil tank can be effectively detected. The method has the advantages of being distributed, anti-electromagnetic interference, long-term reliable, electrically insulating, high spatial resolution and the like which are not possessed by the traditional detection method.
The system comprises a low-noise narrow-linewidth laser, a sensing optical fiber, a reference optical fiber, an optical fiber isolator, an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber circulator, an acousto-optic frequency shifter and a driver thereof, a photoelectric detector, a semiconductor optical amplifier, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a band-pass filter, a polarization beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a signal generator, a photoelectric detector, an optical fiber protective layer, a demodulation system and an armored optical cable; the narrow linewidth laser emitted by the narrow linewidth laser is divided into two paths of a sensing arm and a reference arm by a 1X 2 optical fiber coupler after passing through an optical fiber isolator, one path of the sensing arm is sequentially connected with an acousto-optic frequency shifter, a semiconductor optical amplifier and an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier in series, noise is filtered by a band-pass filter and then is connected to a port 1 of a circulator, a port 2 of the circulator is connected with the sensing optical fiber, the vibration of a transformer can cause the property of the sensing optical fiber to change, the change can be equivalent to the establishment of a series of refraction gratings in the sensing optical fiber, and laser can generate back scattering light under the action of the refraction gratings and carry vibration information. The back scattering light is output through a No. 3 port of the circulator, then is sequentially input into the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, the band-pass filter and the polarization beam splitter, is input into the balanced photoelectric detector after being polarized and mixed with the original reference light from the reference arm, and the balanced photoelectric detector outputs an electric signal to the data acquisition card, and the demodulation system demodulates the optical phase containing the vibration information.
The sensing optical fiber is formed by tightly sleeving a single-mode optical fiber by using a 0.9 mm-diameter polyurethane sheath, winding the sensing optical fiber in a snake shape and firmly sticking the sensing optical fiber to the surface of the transformer oil tank, wherein the snake-shaped turning radian is 180 degrees, the radius is 5cm, and the interval between adjacent parallel optical fibers is 10 cm. Epoxy glue is used in the optical fiber pasting, guarantees the fastness of pasting and vibration transmission efficiency, and the transformer tank wall outer attached 0.2mm thick aluminium foil tape that pastes the optic fibre simultaneously is in order to prevent that optic fibre from damaging the droing as the optic fibre protective layer, and the attached region of sticky tape should cover all optic fibre pasting regions, and specific visual transformer specification is selected.
The reference fiber is a common single-mode quartz fiber.
The phase demodulation device is software programmed based on Labview, receives waveform information from the data acquisition card and demodulates the optical phase.
The laser adopts a low-noise narrow linewidth laser, has output light power of 30mW and linewidth of 100Hz, and is used for providing a low-noise light source and ensuring the detection precision of the system.
The optical fiber circulator is a non-reversible device which transmits incident waves entering any one port of the optical fiber circulator into one-way transmission high-frequency signal energy of the next port according to the direction sequence determined by a static bias magnetic field, and has the functions of unidirectionally transmitting light source signals to the sensing optical fiber and unidirectionally transmitting back scattered light to the second path of erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, so that the functions of unidirectionally transmitting and protecting a laser are achieved.
The acousto-optic frequency shifter diffracts incident light through the ultrasonic grating, so that the propagation direction and the phase of the incident light are changed, and the frequency of the diffracted light is superposed with the ultrasonic frequency of 40MHz on the basis of the original input light frequency, so that preparation is made for subsequent beat frequency.
The semiconductor optical amplifier receives a pulse signal with the repetition frequency of 20KHz and the pulse width of 2ns from the signal generator, adjusts incident continuous light into pulse light with the repetition frequency of 20KHz and the pulse width of 2ns, and has the corresponding spatial resolution of 0.2m and the effective frequency band of 0-10 KHz.
The erbium-doped fiber amplifier is a device which is used for amplifying input light by doping a trace amount of erbium ions in a single-mode quartz fiber and utilizing population inversion, and plays roles in amplifying signal light and improving signal-to-noise ratio.
The center frequency of the band-pass filter is matched with the center wavelength of output light of the laser, the bandwidth is 0.2nm, and the band-pass filter plays a role in filtering noise of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
Two schemes can be adopted in the actual detection process.
1. And (5) inspection type. Set up sealed junction box by being surveyed the transformer, the junction box uses stainless steel, and box ground connection is whole to be placed detection device in the incasement, keeps the junction box at ordinary times to be in the closed condition, can open the box and use the armor optical cable to connect sensing optical fiber and detection device's optical fiber input end when patrolling and examining, realizes detecting at any time.
2. And (4) an online monitoring mode. The detection device is placed in a cabinet in a relay protection room, the detection device and the sensing optical fiber are kept to be reliably connected constantly, the vibration state is monitored on line, and early warning is timely achieved.
The technical effects of the present invention are as follows.
Compared with the traditional acceleration probe, the optical fiber distributed power transformer vibration sensing system provided by the invention has the advantages that the spatial resolution is higher, the detection range is larger, and the number of detection points is increased by hundreds of times; the sensing system can acquire and demodulate phase signals in real time, so that the real-time monitoring of the vibration of the transformer becomes possible. The optical fiber arrangement method provided by the invention increases the contact area between the optical fiber and the transformer box body, and greatly improves the number of detection points and the detection range; the optical fiber protective layer is arranged, so that the sensing optical fiber can be effectively protected, and the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged or falling off in the use process; the two detection schemes provided by the invention can flexibly select the inspection type or on-line detection type scheme aiming at the specific conditions of different stations, and have wider application range and larger selectivity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topological diagram of an optical fiber distributed vibration sensing apparatus provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the device provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the application of the optical fiber protection layer according to the present invention.
The optical fiber sensing device comprises a low-noise narrow-linewidth laser 1, an optical fiber isolator 2, a 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 3, an acousto-optic frequency shifter 4, a semiconductor optical amplifier 5, erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers 6 and 10, band-pass filters 7 and 11, an optical fiber circulator 8, a 0.9 mm-diameter polyurethane sheath tightly-sleeved single-mode sensing optical fiber 9, polarization beam splitters 12 and 13, optical mixers 14 and 15 of 90 degrees, a photoelectric detector 16, a data acquisition card 17, a phase demodulation system 18, an acousto-optic frequency shifter drive 19, a signal generator 20, a reference optical fiber 21, a transformer oil tank wall 22, an optical fiber protective layer 23, a sensing system whole 24 and an armored optical cable 25.
Detailed Description
The embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an optical fiber distribution-based power transformer vibration sensing system which comprises a low-noise narrow linewidth laser, a sensing optical fiber, a reference arm optical fiber, an optical fiber isolator, an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber circulator, an acousto-optic frequency shifter and a driver thereof, a photoelectric detector, a semiconductor optical amplifier, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a band-pass filter, a polarization beam splitter, a 90-degree optical mixer, a signal generator, a photoelectric detector, an optical fiber protective layer, a demodulation system and an armored optical cable.
Fig. 1 shows a topological diagram of a power transformer vibration sensing system based on optical fiber distribution according to the present invention. Wherein, the narrow linewidth laser 1 is connected with the input end of the optical fiber isolator 2 to prevent reflected light from entering the laser 1; the output end of the optical fiber isolator 2 is connected with the 1 multiplied by 2 optical fiber coupler 3, and the optical path is divided into a sensing arm and a reference arm. The sensing arm optical fiber is sequentially connected with the acousto-optic frequency shifter 4, the semiconductor optical amplifier 5 and the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 6, the noise of the sensing arm optical fiber is filtered by the band-pass filter 7 and then is accessed to the port 1 of the circulator 8, the port 2 of the circulator 8 is connected with the sensing optical fiber 9, the port 3 output of the circulator 8 is sequentially connected with the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 10, the band-pass filter 11 and the input end of the polarization beam splitter 12, the reference arm optical fiber 21 is connected with the input end of the polarization beam splitter 13, the two polarization beam splitters 12 and 13 respectively output P polarized light to a 90-degree optical mixer 14 and S polarized light to a 90-degree optical mixer 15, and the P polarized light to the 90-degree optical mixer and the S polarized light to the 90-degree optical mixer respectively output phase difference of 90 degrees after frequency mixing
Light and
the 4 paths of optical signals are converted into electric signals by the optical and balance photoelectric detector 16 and input into the data acquisition card 17 for acquisitionThe hub 17 feeds the waveform data to the demodulation system 18 to realize vibration phase demodulation. By using
The optical phase information can be calculated.
The signal generator 20 is connected to the acousto-optic frequency shifter driver 19 and the semiconductor optical amplifier 5 through coaxial cables, and respectively sends out a direct current signal and a pulse signal to the two. The whole sensing system 24 is arranged in a metal box, and a detection optical fiber 9 leading-out hole and a beat frequency electric signal output interface are reserved in the box body. The middle part of the sensing optical fiber 9 from the outlet end of the transformer box 22 to the end 24 of the access detection device is connected by using an armored optical cable 25, so that the optical fiber 9 is prevented from being damaged.
Fig. 2 and fig. 3 are a schematic layout diagram and a schematic layout diagram of an optical fiber distribution-based power transformer vibration sensing system according to the present invention. The sensing optical fiber 9 is a snakelike single-mode optical fiber firmly adhered to the surface of the transformer oil tank 22 by using a polyurethane sheath with the diameter of 0.9mm, the snakelike turning radian is 180 degrees, the radius is 5cm, and the interval between adjacent parallel optical fibers is 10 cm. The optical fiber is pasted and used epoxy resin glue, the pasting firmness and the vibration transmission efficiency are guaranteed, meanwhile, a 0.2mm thick aluminum foil tape is pasted on the outer layer of the transformer oil tank wall pasted with the optical fiber to serve as an optical fiber protection layer 23 to prevent the optical fiber from being damaged and falling off, all optical fiber pasting areas are covered on the tape pasting area, and the specification of the specific visible transformer is selected.
Two schemes can be adopted in the actual detection process.
1. And (5) inspection type. Set up sealed junction box by being surveyed the transformer, the junction box uses stainless steel, and box ground connection is placed detection device 24 wholly in the incasement, keeps the junction box in the closed condition at ordinary times, can open the box and use armored optical cable 25 to connect sensing optical fiber 9 and detection device 24's optic fibre input when patrolling and examining, realizes detecting at any time.
2. And (4) an online monitoring mode. The detection device 24 is placed in a cabinet in the relay protection room, the detection device 24 and the sensing optical fiber 9 are kept to be reliably connected constantly, the vibration state is monitored on line, and early warning is timely achieved.
Claims (8)
1. The vibration sensing system of the optical fiber distributed power transformer is characterized by mainly comprising a low-noise narrow linewidth laser (1), a sensing optical fiber (9), a reference optical fiber (21), an optical fiber isolator (2), an optical fiber coupler (3), an optical fiber circulator (8), an acousto-optic frequency shifter (4) and a drive (19) thereof, a photoelectric detector (16), a semiconductor optical amplifier (5), erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers (6) and (10), band-pass filters (7) and (11), polarization beam splitters (12) and (13), 90-degree optical mixers (14) and (15), a signal generator (20), a photoelectric detector (16), a data acquisition card (17), an optical fiber protective layer (23), a demodulation system (18) and an armored optical cable (25), wherein the low-noise narrow linewidth laser (1) is sequentially connected with the optical fiber isolator (2), Optical fiber coupler (3), reputation frequency shifter (4), semiconductor optical amplifier (5), erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (6), band-pass filter (7), optical fiber circulator (8), sensing fiber (9), erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (10), band-pass filter (11), polarization beam splitter (12) are connected gradually to optical fiber circulator (8) output, and 90 optical mixer (14) (15) are connected jointly with the sensing arm after polarization beam splitter (13) are connected in reference optic fibre (21) that optical fiber coupler (3) were drawn forth, connect gradually photoelectric detector (16), data acquisition card (17) and demodulation system (18) afterwards.
2. The vibration sensing system of the optical fiber distributed power transformer according to claim 1, wherein the sensing optical fiber (9) is formed by tightly sleeving a single mode optical fiber with a 0.9mm diameter polyurethane sheath, the sensing optical fiber is wound in a snake shape and is firmly adhered to the front surface, the side surface and the bottom surface of a transformer oil tank during arrangement, the snake-shaped turning radian is 180 degrees, the radius is 5cm, the interval between adjacent parallel optical fibers is 10cm, epoxy resin glue is used for adhering the optical fiber, the adhering firmness and the vibration transmission efficiency are ensured, and an optical fiber protective layer (23) is additionally arranged on the outer layer of the wall of the transformer oil tank adhered with the optical fiber.
3. The vibration sensing system of the optical fiber distributed power transformer according to claim 1, wherein the low-noise narrow linewidth laser (1) outputs a narrow linewidth continuous light, and the acousto-optic frequency shifter (4) superposes the frequency of the diffracted light on the frequency of the original input light, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40 MHz; the signal generator (20) sends a pulse signal with the repetition frequency of 20KHz and the pulse width of 2ns to the semiconductor optical amplifier (5), and the pulse signal modulates continuous light into optical pulses with the pulse width of 2ns and the repetition frequency of 20KHz, the achievable spatial resolution is 0.2m, and the effective frequency band is 0-10 KHz.
4. The vibration sensing system of the optical fiber distributed power transformer of claim 1, wherein the band-pass filters (7) and (11) have center frequencies matched with the center wavelength of output light of the laser and bandwidths of 0.2nm, and are used for filtering noise of devices of the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers (6) and (10); the polarization beam splitters (12) and (13) respectively divide the sensing light and the reference light into two paths of orthogonal polarization state light beams of P light and S light, the P light of the sensing light and the reference light generates phase shift and frequency mixing in a 90-degree optical mixer (14), two paths of orthogonal beat frequency signals are output, and the two paths of S light generate similar action in a 90-degree optical mixer (15); the photoelectric detector (16) converts orthogonal beat frequency optical signals of P light and S light into electric signals, the electric signals are collected by a data collecting card (17), and a demodulation system (18) demodulates vibration time domain signals on the whole sensing optical fiber path.
5. The vibration sensing system of a fiber optic distributed power transformer of claim 1, wherein: the sensing light and the reference light are respectively subjected to polarization beam splitting and independent collection in the sensing system, and P light and S light components of the sensing light and the signal light are respectively subjected to independent frequency mixing and phase demodulation, so that the problems of signal-to-noise ratio reduction and measurement result error caused by polarization fading effect in long-distance optical fiber sensing can be effectively solved.
6. The optical fiber distributed power transformer of claim 1Vibration sensing system, its characterized in that: the beat frequency signal is phase-demodulated by adopting a 90-degree optical mixer and an arc tangent algorithm, the 90-degree optical mixer carries out 90-degree phase shift on one optical signal and then mixes the optical signal with the other optical signal, and two paths of orthogonal beat frequency signals are output
And
using the inverse tangent algorithm
And demodulating vibration phase information carried by the scattered light signals.
7. A fiber optic distributed power transformer vibration sensing system as claimed in claim 1, said armored fiber optic cable (25) for connecting the sensing fibers (9) from the outlet end of the transformer tank to the intermediate portion of the end of the access detection means, for preventing the sensing fibers (9) from being damaged by bending.
8. The vibration sensing system of the optical fiber distributed power transformer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the optical fiber protective layer (23) uses 0.2mm thick aluminum foil tape as a protective material, the tape attaching area covers all the optical fiber attaching areas, the protective layer (23) is selected according to the specification of the transformer, and the protective layer is used for preventing the sensing optical fiber (9) from being damaged and falling off.
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