CN114367679B - Laser printing system and method - Google Patents
Laser printing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114367679B CN114367679B CN202111446806.XA CN202111446806A CN114367679B CN 114367679 B CN114367679 B CN 114367679B CN 202111446806 A CN202111446806 A CN 202111446806A CN 114367679 B CN114367679 B CN 114367679B
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- 238000007648 laser printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 405
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 183
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/70—Gas flow means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser printing system and a laser printing method, wherein a first powder spreading assembly is arranged above a printing assembly, the first powder spreading assembly is provided with a first powder spreading opening, and powder provided by a powder supply assembly can be spread on the printing assembly through the first powder spreading opening. The second shop's powder subassembly is located and is printed the top of subassembly, and the second shop's powder subassembly is equipped with the second and spreads the powder mouth, and the powder that the powder subassembly provided can be spread in printing the subassembly through the second shop's powder mouth, and the second shop's powder width of spreading of powder mouth is less than the first shop's powder width of spreading of powder mouth. The laser emission component is used for emitting laser to irradiate the powder paved on the printing component so as to solidify and shape the powder. The visual control assembly can detect the flatness of the edge of the printing layer which is formed by curing, and respectively control the first powder paving assembly and the second powder paving assembly to lay powder. The laser printing system and the method provided by the invention solve the problem that the laser printing system is easy to interfere with the tilted part in the printing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a laser printing system and a laser printing method.
Background
Laser powder bed fusion fabrication technology is one of the important types of technology for additive manufacturing. The laser powder bed fusion manufacturing technology follows the layer-by-layer forming principle, namely a forming cavity is formed by a forming cylinder and a liftable printing substrate, a powder spreading component spreads a metal powder thin layer with uniform thickness to an opening of the forming cavity, then irradiates and heats a designated area of the metal powder thin layer by power laser scanning, and enables the metal powder thin layer to be cooled, solidified and formed after hot melting.
The problem of low success rate of printing complex metal workpieces still exists generally, wherein the most frequent process abnormality is scraping or even collision between the workpiece and the powder spreading component in forming, so that the workpiece and the powder spreading scraper are damaged, and a printer fault alarm is triggered to cause printing interruption when the workpiece and the powder spreading scraper are seriously damaged. The root cause of this type of problem is: the slicing of complex metal workpieces typically involves a large number of extended areas, i.e., portions of the newly printed layer edges beyond the cured object. Due to the lack of mechanical constraint and heat dissipation effects of cured objects, the edge of a new printing layer is easy to generate shrinkage stress-induced warping deformation in the cooling and curing stage after fusion, when the warping deformation amplitude is close to or even protrudes out of a powder spreading plane, the warping deformation is extremely easy to interfere with a powder spreading component and a powder pile in a moving state, particularly when a warping opening is opposite to the powder spreading direction, powder of the powder pile also invades the warping opening and further heightens the warping opening, so that the powder spreading component and the warping part generate self-locking collision, and the severity of interference is further deteriorated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a laser printing system and a method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the laser printing system is easy to interfere with the warped portion during the printing process.
The invention provides a laser printing system which comprises a powder supply assembly, a printing assembly, a first powder paving assembly, a second powder paving assembly, a laser emitting assembly and a visual control assembly. The powder supply assembly is used for providing powder. The printing component is used for bearing powder to be printed. The top of printing the subassembly is located to first shop's powder subassembly, and first shop's powder subassembly is equipped with first shop's powder mouth, and the powder that supplies the powder subassembly to provide can be laid in printing the subassembly through first shop's powder mouth. The second shop's powder subassembly is located and is printed the top of subassembly, and the second shop's powder subassembly is equipped with the second and spreads the powder mouth, and the powder that the powder subassembly provided can be spread in printing the subassembly through the second shop's powder mouth, and the second shop's powder width of spreading of powder mouth is less than the first shop's powder width of spreading of powder mouth. The laser emission component is used for emitting laser to irradiate the powder paved on the printing component so as to solidify and shape the powder. The visual control assembly is electrically connected with the first powder paving assembly and the second powder paving assembly, and can detect the flatness of the edge of the cured and formed printing layer and respectively control the first powder paving assembly and the second powder paving assembly to lay powder.
In an embodiment of the invention, the printing assembly is provided with a printing plane, the printing plane is used for bearing the powder, the width direction of the printing plane is the same as the width direction of the first powder spreading opening, and the powder spreading width of the first powder spreading opening is larger than or equal to the width of the printing plane; the powder spreading width of the second powder spreading opening is smaller than the width of the printing plane.
In one embodiment of the invention, the powder spreading width of the first powder spreading port is a, and the powder spreading width of the second powder spreading port is b, so that a/20-b-a/5 is satisfied. The powder paving flexibility of the second powder paving component is further improved by the arrangement.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first powder spreading assembly comprises: the first movable powder storage bin and the linear movement module are arranged at the bottom of the first movable powder storage bin, the first movable powder storage bin is slidably connected to the linear movement module, and the linear movement module is used for driving the first movable powder storage bin to move along a linear direction. The setting is favorable to reducing the assembly degree of difficulty of first shop's powder subassembly like this, and then reduces laser printing system's manufacturing cost.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second powder spreading assembly comprises: the second removes and stores up powder storehouse and horizontal migration module, and the second shop's powder mouth is located the bottom in second removal and stores up powder storehouse, and second removes and store up powder storehouse movably to connect in the horizontal migration module, and the horizontal migration module is used for driving the second and removes and store up powder storehouse and remove in the horizontal plane. The setting is favorable to reducing the assembly degree of difficulty of second shop's powder subassembly like this, and then reduces laser printing system's manufacturing cost.
In an embodiment of the invention, the horizontal moving module includes a first sliding rail and a second sliding rail that are vertically arranged, the second sliding rail is slidably connected to the first sliding rail, the second sliding rail can move along the first sliding rail, the second moving powder storage bin is slidably connected to the second sliding rail, and the second moving powder storage bin can move along the second sliding rail.
In an embodiment of the invention, the second movable powder storage bin comprises a rotating table, a bin body, a powder paving head and a control valve, one end of the bin body is rotatably connected with the powder paving head through the rotating table, the other end of the bin body is detachably connected with the horizontal moving module, the bin body is used for storing powder, the powder paving head is used for paving the powder, the second powder paving opening is arranged at the bottom of the powder paving head, and the control valve is arranged at a connecting channel of the bin body and the powder paving head so as to control the on-off of the connecting channel. The powder laying process of the second powder laying component is controlled accurately.
In an embodiment of the invention, the visual control assembly comprises a visual sensor and a controller, the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the visual sensor, the first powder paving assembly and the second powder paving assembly, the visual sensor can detect the edge flatness of the cured and formed printing layer and transmit data to the controller, and the controller respectively controls the first powder paving assembly and the second powder paving assembly to paving powder through the data detected by the visual sensor.
In one embodiment of the invention, the printing assembly comprises a printing plate and a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a sealing cavity, the printing plate is arranged in the sealing cavity, and the printing plate is used for bearing powder to be printed;
the laser printing system further comprises an atmosphere component, the atmosphere component is communicated with the sealing cavity through an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline respectively, inert gas is input into the sealing cavity through the air inlet pipeline, and original gas in the sealing cavity flows back to the atmosphere unit through the air outlet pipeline.
The invention also provides a laser printing method, which adopts the laser printing system according to any one of the embodiments, and comprises the following steps:
the first powder spreading component spreads the first layer of powder in the printing component, the laser emitting component emits laser and irradiates the first layer of powder so as to solidify the first layer of powder into a first layer of printing layer,
the vision control assembly detects edge flatness of the first printed layer,
when the edge of the first layer of printing layer is flat, the vision control component controls the first powder spreading component to continuously spread the second layer of powder, and the laser emitting component emits laser to irradiate the second layer of powder so as to solidify the second layer of powder into the second layer of printing layer,
when the edge of the first layer printing layer is uneven, the vision control component controls the second powder spreading component to avoid the uneven part of the edge of the first layer printing layer, firstly spreads powder on the uneven part of the middle part of the first layer printing layer, then spreads powder from the uneven part of the middle part of the first layer printing layer towards the part close to the uneven part of the edge of the first layer printing layer until the second layer of powder is spread, and the laser emitting component emits laser to irradiate the second layer of powder so as to solidify the second layer of powder into the second layer of printing layer,
the operation steps from printing the third printing layer to printing the Nth printing layer refer to the operation step of printing the second printing layer until the whole 3D printing model is printed.
According to the laser printing system and the laser printing method, first, the first powder paving component lays the first layer of powder in the printing component, and the laser emitting component emits laser and irradiates the first layer of powder to enable the first layer of powder to be solidified into the first layer of printing layer. The vision control assembly then detects the edge flatness of the first print layer. When the edge of the first layer of printing layer is flat, the visual control assembly controls the first powder paving assembly to continuously pave the second layer of powder, and the laser emitting assembly emits laser to irradiate the second layer of powder so as to enable the second layer of powder to be solidified into the second layer of printing layer. When the edge of the first layer printing layer is uneven, as the powder spreading width of the second powder spreading opening is smaller than that of the first powder spreading opening, the visual control assembly controls the second powder spreading assembly to avoid the uneven edge part of the first layer printing layer, powder is spread from the uneven edge part of the middle part of the first layer printing layer, powder is spread from the inner side of the uneven edge part of the first layer printing layer until the second layer of powder is spread, and the laser emitting assembly emits laser to irradiate the second layer of powder so that the second layer of powder is solidified into the second layer of printing layer. Similarly, the operation steps from printing the third layer to printing the nth layer refer to the operation step of printing the second layer until the whole 3D printing model is printed. The powder spreading width of the second powder spreading port is smaller than that of the first powder spreading port, so that the second powder spreading component can effectively avoid the uneven edge of the first printing layer in the powder spreading process, and the problem that the printing fails is caused by interference between the powder spreading component and the powder pile in a warping and moving state is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second powder paving assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second movable powder storage bin according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a printing status of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a second printing status diagram of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a printing state of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the present invention when printing a printed portion having a warp;
FIG. 9 is a second printing state diagram of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the invention when printing a portion having a warp;
FIG. 10 is a third printing state diagram of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the invention when printing a part with warpage;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a fourth printing state of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the present invention when printing a printed portion having a warp;
FIG. 12 is a fifth printing state diagram of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the invention when printing a portion having a warp;
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a sixth printing state of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the present invention when printing a printed portion having a warp;
FIG. 14 is a diagram of a seventh printing state of the laser printing system according to an embodiment of the invention when printing a portion having a warp;
fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating a printing state of a laser printing system according to an embodiment of the present invention when printing a printed portion having a warp.
Reference numerals: 100. a powder supply assembly; 110. powder; 101. bending and raising; 111. a first print layer; 112. a second print layer; 200. a printing component; 210. printing a plane; 220. a printing plate; 230. a housing; 231. sealing the cavity; 300. a first powder spreading component; 310. a first powder spreading port; 320. a first movable powder storage bin; 330. a linear movement module; 331. a first driving motor; 332. a first track; 400. a second powder spreading component; 410. a second powder spreading port; 420. a second movable powder storage bin; 421. a bin body; 422. paving powder heads; 423. a control valve; 424. a rotating table; 430. a horizontal movement module; 431. a first slide rail; 432. a second slide rail; 500. a laser emitting assembly; 600. a vision control assembly; 601. a visual sensor; 602. a controller; 700. an atmosphere component; 701. an air intake duct; 702. an air outlet pipe; 800. a support frame; 900. lifting the bed; 901. and (5) a powder return assembly.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Laser powder bed fusion fabrication technology is one of the important types of technology for additive manufacturing. The laser powder bed fusion manufacturing technology follows the layer-by-layer forming principle, namely a forming cavity is formed by a forming cylinder and a liftable printing substrate, a powder spreading component spreads a metal powder thin layer with uniform thickness to an opening of the forming cavity, and then the metal powder thin layer is subjected to power laser scanning irradiation and heating of a designated area of the metal powder thin layer, so that the metal powder thin layer is subjected to hot melting and then is cooled, solidified and formed, the operation steps are repeatedly carried out along with the layer-by-layer descending of the printing substrate, and the obtained sheet-shaped metal solidified matters are accumulated layer by layer, so that the metal laser printing model can be generated.
The problem of low success rate of printing complex metal workpieces still exists generally, wherein the most frequent process abnormality is scraping or even collision between the workpiece and the powder spreading component in forming, so that the workpiece and the powder spreading scraper are damaged, and a printer fault alarm is triggered to cause printing interruption when the workpiece and the powder spreading scraper are seriously damaged. The root cause of this type of problem is: the slicing of complex metal workpieces typically involves a large number of extended areas, i.e., portions of the newly printed layer edges beyond the cured object. Due to the lack of mechanical constraint and heat dissipation effects of cured objects, the edge of a new printing layer is easy to generate shrinkage stress-induced warping 101 deformation in the cooling and curing stage after fusion, when the warping 101 deformation amplitude is close to or even protrudes out of a powder spreading plane, the warping 101 deformation amplitude is extremely easy to interfere with a powder spreading component and a powder pile in a moving state, particularly when the warping 101 opening is opposite to the powder spreading direction, powder pile powder also invades the warping 101 opening and further heightens the warping 101 opening, so that the powder spreading component and the warping 101 part generate self-locking collision, and the severity of interference is further deteriorated.
Referring to fig. 1, in order to solve the problem that a laser printing system is easy to interfere with a warped 101 part during printing, the invention provides a laser printing system, which comprises a powder supply assembly 100, a printing assembly 200, a first powder spreading assembly 300, a second powder spreading assembly 400, a laser emitting assembly 500 and a vision control assembly 600. The powder supply assembly 100 is used for supplying powder 110. The printing assembly 200 is used for carrying the powder 110 to be printed. The first powder spreading assembly 300 is disposed above the printing assembly 200, the first powder spreading assembly 300 is provided with a first powder spreading opening 310, and the powder 110 provided by the powder supplying assembly 100 can be spread on the printing assembly 200 through the first powder spreading opening 310. The second powder spreading assembly 400 is arranged above the printing assembly 200, the second powder spreading assembly 400 is provided with a second powder spreading opening 410, the powder 110 provided by the powder supply assembly 100 can be spread on the printing assembly 200 through the second powder spreading opening 410, and the powder spreading width of the second powder spreading opening 410 is smaller than that of the first powder spreading opening 310. The laser emitting assembly 500 is used for emitting laser to irradiate the powder 110 laid on the printing assembly 200 so as to cure and shape the powder 110. The vision control assembly 600 is electrically connected to the first and second powder spreading assemblies 300 and 400, and the vision control assembly 600 is capable of detecting the flatness of the edges of the cured and formed printing layer and controlling the first and second powder spreading assemblies 300 and 400 to spread the powder 110, respectively.
First, the first powder spreading assembly 300 spreads the first layer of powder 110 within the printing assembly 200, and the laser emitting assembly 500 emits laser and irradiates the first layer of powder 110 to cure the first layer of powder 110 into the first printed layer 111. Thereafter, the vision control assembly 600 detects the edge flatness of the first print layer 111. When the edge of the first layer of printing layer 111 is flat, the vision control component 600 controls the first powder spreading component 300 to continue spreading the second layer of powder 110, and the laser emitting component 500 emits laser to irradiate the second layer of powder 110, so that the second layer of powder 110 is solidified into the second layer of printing layer 112. When the edge of the first printing layer 111 is uneven, since the powder spreading width of the second powder spreading opening 410 is smaller than the powder spreading width of the first powder spreading opening 310, the vision control module 600 controls the second powder spreading module 400 to avoid the uneven edge portion of the first printing layer 111, and to spread the powder 110 from the uneven edge portion of the first printing layer 111, and then to spread the powder 110 from the inner side of the uneven edge portion of the first printing layer 111, until the second powder 110 is spread, and the laser emitting module 500 emits laser to irradiate the second powder 110, so that the second powder 110 is solidified into the second printing layer 112. Similarly, the steps from printing the third to printing the nth layer refer to the step of printing the second layer 112 until the entire 3D print model is printed. By setting the powder spreading width of the second powder spreading opening 410 to be smaller than that of the first powder spreading opening 310, the second powder spreading assembly 400 can effectively avoid the uneven edge part of the first printing layer 111 in the powder spreading process, so that the problem that the warping 101 interferes with the powder spreading assembly and the powder pile in the moving state and printing fails is avoided.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the printing assembly 200 is provided with a printing plane 210, the printing plane 210 is used for carrying the powder 110, the width direction of the printing plane 210 is the same as the width direction of the first powder spreading opening 310, and the powder spreading width of the first powder spreading opening 310 is greater than or equal to the width of the printing plane 210. In this manner, the first powder spreading assembly 300 can cover the entire printing plane 210 through one powder spreading of the first powder spreading port 310, thereby greatly improving the powder spreading efficiency of the first powder spreading assembly 300. And, the laying width of the second laying port 410 is smaller than the width of the printing plane 210. In this way, the powder laying direction of the second powder laying assembly 400 is convenient to flexibly set, and the second powder laying assembly 400 is beneficial to avoiding uneven parts at the edge of the first printing layer 111.
To further increase the flexibility of the second powder spreading assembly 400, in one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the first powder spreading port 310 has a powder spreading width a and the second powder spreading port 410 has a powder spreading width b, satisfying a/20. Ltoreq.b.ltoreq.a/5. But is not limited thereto, in other embodiments, the spreading width b of the second spreading port 410 may be smaller than a/20, so that the spreading accuracy of the second spreading assembly 400 can be further improved, thereby improving the printing accuracy of the entire laser printing system.
To reduce the difficulty of assembling the first powder spreading assembly 300, the production cost of the laser printing system is further reduced. In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first powder spreading assembly 300 includes a first movable powder storage bin 320 and a linear movement module 330, the first powder spreading opening 310 is disposed at the bottom of the first movable powder storage bin 320, the first movable powder storage bin 320 is slidably connected to the linear movement module 330, and the linear movement module 330 is used for driving the first movable powder storage bin 320 to move along a straight line. Specifically, the linear moving module 330 includes a first driving motor 331 and two first tracks 332 disposed in parallel, two ends of the first movable powder storage bin 320 are respectively connected to the first tracks 332 disposed opposite to each other, and the first driving motor 331 drives the first movable powder storage bin 320 to move along the length direction of the first tracks 332.
To reduce the difficulty of assembling the second powder spreading assembly 400, the production cost of the laser printing system is further reduced. In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the second powder paving assembly 400 includes a second movable powder storage bin 420 and a horizontal movement module 430, the second powder paving opening 410 is disposed at the bottom of the second movable powder storage bin 420, the second movable powder storage bin 420 is movably connected to the horizontal movement module 430, and the horizontal movement module 430 is used for driving the second movable powder storage bin 420 to move in a horizontal plane. Specifically, in an embodiment, the horizontal moving module 430 includes a first slide rail 431 and a second slide rail 432 that are vertically disposed, the second slide rail 432 is slidably connected to the first slide rail 431, the second slide rail 432 is capable of moving along the first slide rail 431, the second moving powder storage bin 420 is slidably connected to the second slide rail 432, and the second moving powder storage bin 420 is capable of moving along the second slide rail 432.
In order to precisely control the powder spreading process of the second powder spreading assembly 400, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the second movable powder storage bin 420 includes a rotating table 424, a bin body 421, a powder spreading head 422, and a control valve 423, one end of the bin body 421 is rotatably connected to the powder spreading head 422 through the rotating table 424, the other end of the bin body 421 is detachably connected to the horizontal movement module 430, the bin body 421 is used for storing the powder 110, the powder spreading head 422 is used for spreading the powder 110, and the second powder spreading port 410 is provided at the bottom of the powder spreading head 422. In the process of laying the powder, the controller 602 drives the powder laying head 422 to rotate by controlling the rotating table 424, so that the powder laying head 422 always advances along the powder laying direction. The control valve 423 is disposed at a connection channel (not shown) between the bin 421 and the powder spreading head 422 to control the connection channel. It should be noted that, the bottom edge area of the powder spreading head 422 is rounded, so that the interference between the bottom of the powder spreading head 422 and the bent and warped 101 part is further avoided, and the printing success rate of the laser printing system is further improved.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the vision control assembly 600 includes a vision sensor 601 and a controller 602, the controller 602 is electrically connected to the vision sensor 601, the first powder paving assembly 300 and the second powder paving assembly 400, respectively, the vision sensor 601 is capable of detecting the edge flatness of the cured and formed printing layer and transmitting data to the controller 602, and the controller 602 controls the first powder paving assembly 300 and the second powder paving assembly 400 to paving the powder 110 through the data detected by the vision sensor 601, respectively. Of course, the controller 602 may also be electrically connected to the powder supply assembly 100, the first powder spreading assembly 300, the second powder spreading assembly 400, and the laser emitting assembly 500, respectively.
Further, in an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the laser printing system further includes a support frame 800, and the printing assembly 200 includes a printing plate 220 and a housing 230, where the printing plate 220 is used to carry the powder 110 to be printed. The casing 230 is arranged above the support frame 800, the casing 230 is provided with a sealing cavity 231, and the printing plate 220, the powder supply assembly 100, the first powder paving assembly 300 and the second powder paving assembly 400 are all arranged in the sealing cavity 231. The vision control assembly 600 and the laser emission assembly 500 are both arranged at the upper end of the housing 230, and the powder supply assembly 100 is respectively communicated with the first powder spreading assembly 300 and the second powder spreading assembly 400 which are arranged in the sealing cavity 231, and the head of the laser emission assembly 500 for emitting laser extends into the sealing cavity 231. The lifting bed 900 and the powder return assembly 901 are further arranged below the shell 230, the lifting bed 900 is connected with the printing plate 220 to drive the printing plate 220 to move up and down along the vertical direction, and when the laser printing system finishes printing one printing layer, the lifting bed 900 drives the printing plate 220 to descend by the height of one printing layer so as to be ready for next printing. When the printing plate 220 has the excessive powder 110, the first powder spreading assembly 300 or the second powder spreading assembly 400 can send the excessive powder 110 into the powder returning assembly 901.
In general, the powder 110 is a metal powder, and in order to prevent oxidation of the metal powder during printing, the printing success rate of the laser printing system is improved. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the laser printing system further includes an atmosphere component 700. The atmosphere assembly 700 is respectively communicated with the sealing cavity 231 through the air inlet pipeline 701 and the air outlet pipeline 702, inert gas is input into the sealing cavity 231 through the air inlet pipeline 701, and original gas in the sealing cavity 231 flows back to the atmosphere unit through the air outlet pipeline 702. In general, the inert gas supplied from the atmosphere unit may be a non-oxidizing gas such as nitrogen, helium, or carbon dioxide.
Referring to fig. 6-15, the present invention further provides a laser printing method, which adopts the laser printing system according to any one of the above embodiments, and the laser printing method includes the following steps: the first powder spreading assembly 300 spreads the first layer of powder 110 within the printing assembly 200, and the laser emitting assembly 500 emits laser and irradiates the first layer of powder 110 to cure the first layer of powder 110 into the first layer of printing layer 111. The vision control assembly 600 detects the edge flatness of the first print layer 111. When the edge of the first layer of printing layer 111 is flat, the vision control component 600 controls the first powder spreading component 300 to continue spreading the second layer of powder 110, and the laser emitting component 500 emits laser to irradiate the second layer of powder 110, so that the second layer of powder 110 is solidified into the second layer of printing layer 112. When the edge of the first layer 111 is uneven, the vision control module 600 controls the second powder spreading module 400 to avoid the uneven edge of the first layer 111, spread the powder 110 on the middle portion of the first layer 111, and spread the powder 110 from the middle portion of the first layer 111 toward the portion near the uneven edge of the first layer 111 until the second layer 110 is spread. And the laser emitting assembly 500 emits laser to irradiate the second layer powder 110 so that the second layer powder 110 is solidified into the second printed layer 112. The operation steps of printing the third to nth print layers refer to the operation step of printing the second print layer 112 until the entire 3D print model is printed.
Further, as shown in fig. 6 to 15, the laser printing method includes the steps of,
s001, starting an atmosphere unit, setting a circulating filtration wind speed of the atmosphere unit, detecting the oxygen concentration in the seal cavity 231 until the oxygen concentration in the seal cavity 231 is reduced to be within a preset range, and then adding metal powder into the powder supply assembly 100;
s002, the controller 602 sends out an instruction to control the lifting platform, the first powder paving assembly 300 and the second powder paving assembly 400 to return to zero positions, and then the controller 602 controls the lifting platform to drive the printing plate 220 to descend by the height corresponding to the thickness of a single printing layer;
s003, the controller 602 loads a slice data packet of the 3D printing model, the current printing layer is the first printing layer 111, and the controller 602 selects the first powder paving component 300 for paving powder;
s004, the controller 602 controls the first powder spreading assembly 300 to spread powder on the printing plane 210, and the controller 602 controls the first powder spreading assembly 300 to push the residual powder into the powder return assembly 901;
s005, the controller 602 sends slice data of the first layer printing layer 111 to the laser emission component 500, and the controller 602 controls the laser emission component 500 to scan the powder 110 where the first layer printing layer 111 is located according to parameters such as laser power, light spot size, linear speed, scanning path and the like defined by the slice data and obtain a cured first layer printing layer 111;
s006, the controller 602 reads the data detected by the visual sensor 601 and checks the comparison result of the data and the slice data to judge whether the current first printing layer 111 is warped 101, if the current first printing layer is warped 101, the second powder paving component 400 is selected for paving powder next time, and if the current first printing layer is not warped 101, the first powder paving component 300 is selected for paving powder next time;
s007, the controller 602 sends a lowering command to the lifting bed 900, and controls the lifting bed 900 to drive the printing plate 220 to lower the height corresponding to the thickness of the single printing layer, and makes the current printing layer be the second printing layer 112;
s008, the controller 602 determines whether the layer number of the current print layer exceeds the maximum layer number of the loaded slice data packet, if so, it indicates that the 3D print model has been completely printed, i.e. the print flow is terminated, otherwise, it returns to step S004.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be combined in any manner, and for brevity, all of the possible combinations of the technical features of the above-described embodiments are not described, however, all of the combinations of the technical features should be considered as being within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments have been provided for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that suitable modifications and variations of the above embodiments are within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A laser printing method, characterized in that it is performed with a laser printing system comprising:
a powder supply assembly (100) for supplying powder;
a printing assembly (200) for carrying a powder to be printed;
the first powder paving component (300) is arranged above the printing component (200), the first powder paving component (300) is provided with a first powder paving opening (310), and powder provided by the powder supply component (100) can be paved on the printing component (200) through the first powder paving opening (310);
the second powder paving component (400) is arranged above the printing component (200), the second powder paving component (400) is provided with a second powder paving opening (410), powder provided by the powder supply component (100) can be paved on the printing component (200) through the second powder paving opening (410), and the powder paving width of the second powder paving opening (410) is smaller than that of the first powder paving opening (310);
a laser emitting assembly (500) for emitting laser to irradiate powder laid on the printing assembly (200) so as to cure and shape the powder; and
a visual control assembly (600) electrically connected to the first powder spreading assembly (300) and the second powder spreading assembly (400), wherein the visual control assembly (600) can detect the flatness of the edge of the cured and formed printing layer and respectively control the first powder spreading assembly (300) and the second powder spreading assembly (400) to spread powder;
the laser printing method comprises the following steps:
the first powder spreading component (300) spreads a first layer of powder in the printing component (200), the laser emitting component (500) emits laser and irradiates the first layer of powder to solidify the first layer of powder into a first layer of printing layer (111),
the vision control assembly (600) detects edge flatness of the first printed layer (111),
when the edge of the first layer of printing layer (111) is flat, the visual control component (600) controls the first powder spreading component (300) to continuously spread the second layer of powder, the laser emitting component (500) emits laser to irradiate the second layer of powder so as to solidify the second layer of powder into the second layer of printing layer (112),
when the edge of the first layer printing layer (111) is uneven, the visual control component (600) controls the second powder spreading component (400) to avoid the uneven edge part of the first layer printing layer (111), firstly spreads powder on the uneven middle part of the first layer printing layer (111), spreads powder from the uneven middle part of the first layer printing layer (111) towards the uneven edge part near the first layer printing layer (111) until the second layer of powder is spread, and the laser emitting component (500) emits laser to irradiate the second layer of powder so as to solidify the second layer of powder into the second layer of printing layer (112),
the steps of printing the third through nth print layers refer to the steps of printing the second print layer (112) until the entire 3D print model is printed.
2. The laser printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the printing assembly (200) is provided with a printing plane (210), the printing plane (210) is used for bearing powder, the width direction of the printing plane (210) is the same as the width direction of the first powder spreading port (310), and the powder spreading width of the first powder spreading port (310) is larger than or equal to the width of the printing plane (210); the second powder spreading opening (410) has a powder spreading width smaller than the width of the printing plane (210).
3. The laser printing method according to claim 1, wherein the spreading width of the first spreading port (310) is a, and the spreading width of the second spreading port (410) is b, and a/20.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.a/5 is satisfied.
4. The laser printing method according to claim 1, wherein the first powdering device (300) includes: the first powder storage bin (320) and the linear movement module (330) are moved to the first shop, the powder mouth (310) is located the bottom of first removal powder storage bin (320), first removal powder storage bin (320) slidable connect in linear movement module (330), linear movement module (330) are used for the drive first removal powder storage bin (320) are along linear movement.
5. The laser printing method according to claim 1, wherein the second powdering device (400) includes: the second movable powder storage bin (420) and the horizontal movement module (430), the second powder paving port (410) is formed in the bottom of the second movable powder storage bin (420), the second movable powder storage bin (420) is movably connected to the horizontal movement module (430), and the horizontal movement module (430) is used for driving the second movable powder storage bin (420) to move in a horizontal plane.
6. The laser printing method according to claim 5, characterized in that the horizontal movement module (430) comprises a first slide rail (431) and a second slide rail (432) which are vertically arranged, the second slide rail (432) is slidably connected to the first slide rail (431), the second slide rail (432) is movable along the first slide rail (431), the second movable powder storage bin (420) is slidably connected to the second slide rail (432), and the second movable powder storage bin (420) is movable along the second slide rail (432).
7. The laser printing method according to claim 5, wherein the second movable powder storage bin (420) comprises a rotary table (424), a bin body (421), a powder spreading head (422) and a control valve (423), one end of the bin body (421) is rotatably connected to the powder spreading head (422) through the rotary table (424), the other end of the bin body (421) is detachably connected to the horizontal movement module (430),
the bin body (421) is used for storing powder, the powder paving head (422) is used for paving powder, the second powder paving port (410) is formed in the bottom of the powder paving head (422), and the control valve (423) is formed in the connecting channel of the bin body (421) and the powder paving head (422) so as to control the on-off of the connecting channel.
8. The laser printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vision control assembly (600) comprises a vision sensor (601) and a controller (602), the controller (602) is electrically connected with the vision sensor (601), the first powder spreading assembly (300) and the second powder spreading assembly (400) respectively, the vision sensor (601) is capable of detecting the edge flatness of the cured and formed printing layer and transmitting data to the controller (602), and the controller (602) controls the first powder spreading assembly (300) and the second powder spreading assembly (400) to spread powder respectively through the data detected by the vision sensor (601).
9. The laser printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the printing assembly (200) comprises a printing plate (220) and a housing (230), the housing (230) is provided with a sealing cavity (231), the printing plate (220) is arranged in the sealing cavity (231), and the printing plate (220) is used for bearing powder to be printed;
the laser printing system further comprises an atmosphere component (700), the atmosphere component (700) is communicated with the sealing cavity (231) through an air inlet pipeline (701) and an air outlet pipeline (702), inert gas is input into the sealing cavity (231) through the air inlet pipeline (701), and original gas in the sealing cavity (231) flows back to the atmosphere component (700) through the air outlet pipeline (702).
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Address after: 321000 Building A, No. 706, Huancheng North Road, Xinshi Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Zhejiang Positive Additive Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. Address before: 311200 room 101-022, building 5, south bank, phase II, Xianghu Financial Town, Xianghu National Tourism Resort, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: Hangzhou zhengzeng material manufacturing technology Co.,Ltd. |