CN114367676A - Composite energy field high-temperature alloy performance strengthening method based on selective laser melting - Google Patents
Composite energy field high-temperature alloy performance strengthening method based on selective laser melting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114367676A CN114367676A CN202111562628.7A CN202111562628A CN114367676A CN 114367676 A CN114367676 A CN 114367676A CN 202111562628 A CN202111562628 A CN 202111562628A CN 114367676 A CN114367676 A CN 114367676A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite energy field high-temperature alloy performance strengthening method based on selective laser melting, which comprises the following steps: mixing high-temperature alloy powder and nano ceramic powder, putting the mixture into a low-energy ball mill, adding a ceramic roller into the low-energy ball mill, and further uniformly mixing the mixture by low-energy ball milling; taking out the powder which is uniformly mixed after the low-energy ball milling, and adding the powder into a powder cylinder of SLM equipment; applying ultrasonic vibration to the molten pool in the laser scanning process to enable the ultrasonic field and the laser to form a composite energy field to generate a stirring effect on the molten pool; according to the invention, nano ceramic particles are used as a reinforcing phase to be coated on the surface of high-temperature alloy powder, mixed powder obtained after low-energy ball milling of the nano ceramic particles and the high-temperature alloy powder is used as a raw material, a molten pool is stirred by utilizing an ultrasonic and laser composite energy field in the selective laser melting forming process, and then the nano ceramic particles are uniformly distributed to a matrix crystal boundary, so that the rapid preparation of the nano particle dispersion strengthened ultrafine crystal high-temperature alloy is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing and selective laser melting, and relates to a composite energy field high-temperature alloy performance strengthening method based on selective laser melting.
Background
Additive manufacturing is a process of manufacturing objects layer by layer, connecting discrete materials according to three-dimensional model data, unlike subtractive and form manufacturing. The additive manufacturing technology has the characteristics of material saving, forming of a complex structure, short production period, individuation customization and the like due to the mode of layer-by-layer stacking and forming, and is widely applied to the fields of biological medicine, aerospace, automobiles and the like at present.
The selective laser melting technology is one of the most widely applied additive manufacturing technologies at present, and has the characteristics of high energy density, good controllability, high forming size precision, good forming quality, capability of forming complex structures and the like. However, the selective laser melting technology melts and cools at an extremely high speed in the metal forming process, and the formed part shows high strength and low plasticity, and in addition, crystal grains are easy to grow along the direction of negative temperature gradient, so that the performance of the formed part has obvious anisotropy.
Ultrasonic waves are widely used in metal consolidation processes, such as casting to refine grains, reduce or eliminate defects, homogenize material composition, and the like, to improve the properties of formed parts. Ceramic toughening and dispersion strengthening of metal materials have also been widely applied to material modification to strengthen material properties and improve fatigue strength. At present, ultrasonic assistance and material modification are common performance strengthening means in the field of metal additive manufacturing.
Ultrasonic waves and ceramic toughening and dispersion strengthening are combined and applied to a selective laser melting technology, so that ultrasonic waves and laser can form a composite energy field in a molten pool, a matrix material and ceramic particles are uniformly mixed in a forming process, and the ceramic particles are uniformly dispersed in a matrix grain boundary, so that the effects of dispersion strengthening and ceramic toughening are further enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides a method for strengthening the performance of a composite energy field high-temperature alloy based on selective laser melting. The invention utilizes the effect of a composite energy field formed by coupling the ultrasonic wave and the laser, so that the performance of the high-temperature alloy formed by selective laser melting is improved and strengthened.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a composite energy field high-temperature alloy performance strengthening method based on laser selective melting comprises the following steps:
(a) pre-mixing powder: the high-temperature alloy powder and the nano ceramic powder are initially and manually stirred and mixed;
(b) low-energy ball milling: putting the mixed powder into a low-energy ball mill, and adding a ceramic roller for low-energy ball milling to further uniformly mix ceramic particles and high-temperature alloy powder;
(c) SLM shaping preparation: taking out the powder which is uniformly mixed after the low-energy ball milling, adding the powder into a powder cylinder of SLM equipment, and preparing SLM forming (importing a print cli file, setting printing parameters and a printing strategy, adjusting a powder spreading scraper, discharging oxygen, opening a vibrating mirror, a laser and a water cooling device, and opening an ultrasonic vibration device);
(d) ultrasonic vibration assisted SLM shaping: starting SLM forming, and applying ultrasonic vibration to a molten pool in a laser scanning process to enable an ultrasonic field and laser to form a composite energy field, so that ultrasonic vibration is applied to the molten pool in a material melting process by the laser to generate a stirring effect on the molten pool;
(e) and (3) post-forming treatment: after the SLM is formed, the SLM forming cavity is cleaned, the residual powder is collected, and the formed part is taken out.
In the step (a), the particle size of the powder particles of the high-temperature alloy powder material is 5-50 μm;
the ceramic powder particle size of the nano-scale ceramic powder material is 30-100nm, and the content is 1-5 wt%.
In the step (b), the ball milling parameters are as follows: premixing for 30min at 150rpm, and performing low-energy ball milling for 20-28h at 350rpm at 250-4 rpm to uniformly mix high-temperature alloy powder and nano ceramic particles; during ball milling, the tank body is air-cooled under the protection of argon, and meanwhile, the ball milling is suspended for 15min every 4 h.
In the step (c), setting the printing process parameters of the SLM forming: the laser power is 250-300W, the scanning speed is 600-900mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.08-0.10 mm, and the layer thickness is 0.03 mm.
In the step (c), the setting of the printing process parameters for SLM forming further includes:
using single-mode laser as infrared fiber laser to perform SLM (Selective laser melting) forming on the high-temperature alloy, wherein the laser wavelength is 1060-1070 nm; during the selective laser melting forming process, the laser beam direction of each layer is rotated and orthogonally scanned by 90 degrees.
In the step (d), the parameters of the ultrasonic vibration are as follows: the frequency is 20kHz-40kHz, the amplitude is about 3-5 μm, and the action area is a molten pool; the mode of ultrasound application to the molten pool was: the ultrasound acts on the SLM-shaped substrate and is then transferred to the melt pool, or the ultrasound acts on the gaseous medium and is then applied to the melt pool.
In the step (d), in the ultrasonic vibration assisted SLM forming process, a single-mode laser beam is used as a main energy source, an ultrasonic energy field is used as an auxiliary energy source, and a composite energy field in which an ultrasonic field and laser are combined is formed in a molten pool formed by the SLM.
In the step (d), in the ultrasonic vibration assisted SLM forming process, the compounding method of the laser and the ultrasonic wave is that when the laser scanning acts on the material, the ultrasonic wave is simultaneously turned on, and the ultrasonic wave and the laser are coupled in a metal molten pool formed by the action of the laser.
In the step (d), in the ultrasonic vibration assisted SLM forming process, ultrasonic waves act on the molten pool and generate acoustic flow, cavitation and mechanical vibration effects in the molten pool to stir the molten pool, and the stirring effect fully mixes and homogenizes the material components in the molten pool to uniformly distribute the ceramic in the metal matrix.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the ultrasonic wave strengthens the fusion forming performance of the laser metal. Compared with the high-temperature alloy SLM forming without ultrasonic effect, the ultrasonic vibration, acoustic flow and cavitation effect have the improvement effects of grain refinement, internal stress reduction, crack, air hole and other defects reduction, material component uniformity and the like, and the mechanical property, the fatigue strength and the like of the forming material can be improved.
(2) And the ceramic dispersion strengthening effect is improved under the action of the ultrasonic and laser composite energy field. The composite action of the ultrasonic waves and the laser can enable the ceramic particles to be uniformly distributed at the crystal boundary of the matrix superalloy material, and the ultrasonic waves have the effect of refining the crystal grains, so that the better effect of hindering the dislocation sliding of the crystal boundary can be achieved.
(3) The ultrasonic stirring and mixing function can save the time and the cost for uniformly mixing the powder. The stirring effect of the laser and ultrasonic composite energy field in the metal melting pool can improve the uniformity of the powder mixed and stirred for a short time to a certain extent and improve the component uniformity of the solidified forming material. The method has the advantages of taking the uniformity of the pre-alloyed powder and the random proportion of the mixed powder into consideration, and greatly saving time and cost for preparing the powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the performance enhancement of the composite energy field superalloy based on selective laser melting according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The invention relates to a composite energy field high-temperature alloy performance strengthening process based on selective laser melting, which needs two basic conditions, namely a low-energy ball milling device (capable of adopting an MITR rice cream stirring ball mill) and selective laser melting equipment. Then preparing a certain mass of high-temperature alloy powder to be strengthened and nano ceramic powder particles for strengthening, wherein the particle diameter of the ceramic powder particles is about 30-100nm, and the content is about 1-5 wt%. The particle size range of the superalloy powder particles is about 5 μm to 50 μm, with a 1-ceramic particle content. And (3) manually stirring the two kinds of powder in a container, pouring the mixture into a low-energy ball milling device after stirring the mixture until the two kinds of powder are mixed, putting a certain amount of ceramic rollers into the low-energy ball milling device for low-energy ball milling, and taking the mixture out after the two kinds of powder are basically uniformly mixed after the low-energy ball milling is carried out for 24 hours.
The high-temperature alloy powder is high-temperature alloy powder with good welding performance, such as GH5188, GH4169, GH3536 and the like as matrix powder.
The nano ceramic powder particles (used for strengthening) are one or two of nano Y2O3, ZrO2 and CeO2, are uniformly distributed on the surface of the high-temperature alloy powder, the mass fraction of the nano ceramic particles is 1-5%, and the balance is the high-temperature alloy powder.
According to the invention, nano ceramic particles are used as a reinforcing phase to be coated on the surface of high-temperature alloy powder, mixed powder obtained after low-energy ball milling of the nano ceramic particles and the high-temperature alloy powder is used as a raw material, a molten pool is stirred by utilizing an ultrasonic and laser composite energy field in a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) forming process, and then the nano ceramic particles are uniformly distributed to a matrix crystal boundary, so that the rapid preparation of the nano particle dispersion strengthened ultrafine-grained high-temperature alloy is realized. The nano-particle dispersion strengthened ultrafine crystal high-temperature alloy still has good yield strength at the high temperature of 650-750 ℃.
The method comprises the steps of putting ball-milled powder into a powder cylinder of selective laser melting equipment, starting SLM equipment and preparing SLM forming (importing a print cli file, setting printing parameters and printing strategies, adjusting a powder spreading scraper, discharging oxygen, opening a vibrating mirror, a laser and a water cooling device, and starting an ultrasonic vibration device), and then starting forming the high-temperature alloy material. In the forming process, during laser scanning, the energy wave of an ultrasonic energy field (an ultrasonic generator) is transmitted to a metal melting pool to act on the metal melting pool formed after the laser acts, an energy field compounded by laser and ultrasonic is formed in the metal melting pool, and acts on the melting process of high-temperature alloy in the melting pool (vibration stirring, acoustic flow effect and cavitation effect), so that matrix grains are refined, ceramic particles and matrix materials are mixed more uniformly and are distributed at the grain boundary of the materials more uniformly, and better dispersion strengthening and toughening effects are achieved.
The implementation case is as follows:
(1) 4.9kg of GH5188 high-temperature alloy powder with the diameter of 5-50 μm and 0.2kg of 30-100nm ZrO2 ceramic powder are prepared;
(2) placing the prepared GH5188 high-temperature alloy powder and ZrO2 ceramic powder into a container for manual stirring and mixing;
(3) placing the GH5188 ZrO2 mixed powder after primary mixing into a low-energy ball mill, and adding ceramic rollers for low-energy ball milling, wherein the ball milling time is about 24 hours;
(4) taking out the ball-milled GH5188 ZrO2 mixed powder and adding the powder into a powder cylinder of a selective laser melting device;
(5) starting the SLM equipment and preparing SLM forming: introducing a print cli file, setting print parameters and a print strategy (laser power 240W, scanning speed 700mm/s, scanning interval 0.08mm, layer thickness 0.03mm, and rotation orthogonal scanning with a 90-degree angle in the direction of each layer of laser beam), adjusting a powder spreading scraper, discharging oxygen, opening a vibrating mirror, a laser and water cooling device, and starting an ultrasonic vibration device (vibration frequency 40kHz and output power 60W), and then starting forming GH5188 ZrO2 mixed powder;
(6) in the forming process, during laser scanning, an ultrasonic energy field is assisted to be started and acts on a metal molten pool formed after the laser action to form an energy field compounded by laser and ultrasonic waves, and the energy field acts on the melting process of metal in the molten pool (vibration stirring, acoustic flow effect and cavitation effect);
(6) after the SLM forming is completed, the remaining powder is collected, the SLM device is cleaned, and the formed part is removed.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A composite energy field high-temperature alloy performance strengthening method based on laser selective melting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) pre-mixing powder: stirring and mixing the alloy powder and the nano ceramic powder;
(b) low-energy ball milling: putting the mixed powder into a low-energy ball mill, and adding a ceramic roller for low-energy ball milling to further uniformly mix ceramic particles and high-temperature alloy powder;
(c) SLM shaping preparation: taking out the powder which is uniformly mixed after the low-energy ball milling, adding the powder into a powder cylinder of SLM equipment, and preparing the SLM for forming;
(d) ultrasonic vibration assisted SLM shaping: SLM shaping is started and ultrasonic vibration is applied to the melt pool during laser scanning.
2. The method for strengthening the performance of the composite energy field superalloy based on selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step (a), the particle size of powder particles of the alloy powder material is 5-50 μm;
the ceramic powder particle size of the nano-scale ceramic powder material is 30-100nm, and the content is 1-5 wt%.
3. The method for strengthening the performance of the composite energy field superalloy based on selective laser melting according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step (b), the ball milling parameters are as follows: premixing for 30min at 150rpm, and performing low-energy ball milling for 20-28h at 350rpm at 250-4 rpm to uniformly mix alloy powder and nano ceramic particles; and (3) carrying out air cooling on the tank body under the protection of argon during ball milling, and pausing for 15min every time the ball milling is carried out for 4 h.
4. The method for strengthening the performance of the composite energy field superalloy based on selective laser melting according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step (c), setting printing process parameters of SLM forming: the laser power is 250-300W, the scanning speed is 600-900mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.08-0.10 mm, and the layer thickness is 0.03 mm.
5. The method for strengthening the performance of the composite energy field superalloy based on selective laser melting according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step (c), the setting of the printing process parameters for SLM forming further comprises:
using single-mode laser as infrared fiber laser to perform SLM (Selective laser melting) forming on the high-temperature alloy, wherein the laser wavelength is 1060-1070 nm; during the selective laser melting forming process, the laser beam direction of each layer is rotated and orthogonally scanned by 90 degrees.
6. The method for strengthening the performance of the composite energy field superalloy based on selective laser melting according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step (d), the parameters of ultrasonic vibration: the frequency is 20kHz-40kHz, the amplitude is about 3-5 μm, and the action area is a molten pool; the mode of ultrasound application to the molten pool was: the ultrasonic wave acts on the SLM forming substrate, ultrasonic vibration energy is transferred to the molten pool by the substrate, or the ultrasonic wave acts on a gas medium and is transferred to the molten pool.
7. The method for strengthening the performance of the composite energy field superalloy based on selective laser melting according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step (d), in the ultrasonic vibration assisted SLM forming process, a single-mode laser beam is used as a main energy source, an ultrasonic energy field is used as an auxiliary energy source, and a composite energy field of an ultrasonic field and laser composite is formed in a melting pool formed by the SLM.
8. The method for strengthening the performance of the composite energy field superalloy based on selective laser melting according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step (d), in the ultrasonic vibration assisted SLM forming process, the compounding method of the laser and the ultrasonic wave is that when the laser scanning acts on the material, the ultrasonic wave is simultaneously turned on, and the ultrasonic wave and the laser are coupled in a metal molten pool formed by the action of the laser.
9. The method for strengthening the performance of the composite energy field superalloy based on selective laser melting according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step (d), in the ultrasonic vibration assisted SLM forming process, ultrasonic waves act on the molten pool and generate acoustic flow, cavitation and mechanical vibration effects in the molten pool to stir the molten pool, and the stirring effect fully mixes and homogenizes the material components in the molten pool to uniformly distribute the ceramic in the metal matrix.
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| CN114990415A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-02 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Nano biphase reinforced aluminum-based composite material and 3D printing forming method thereof |
| CN115488353A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-20 | 南昌航空大学 | SLM (Selective laser melting) forming method of high-temperature alloy material |
| CN117962310A (en) * | 2024-04-01 | 2024-05-03 | 云耀深维(江苏)科技有限公司 | Composite material, method for producing the same and machine for layup production of three-dimensional objects |
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Application publication date: 20220419 |