CN114363205B - High-speed link impedance mutation analysis method, system, terminal and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed links, and particularly provides a high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method, a system, a terminal and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a frequency domain S parameter of a high-speed link by using a monitoring tool, and obtaining an impedance curve equation by carrying out Fourier transform on the frequency domain S parameter; generating an error function based on the impedance curve equation; generating a wire loss function according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and generating a loss curve function according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss coefficient; fitting the error function and the loss curve function by using a least square method to obtain a wire loss coefficient value and a dielectric loss coefficient value; substituting the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value into the loss curve function to obtain a loss value, correcting a real-time domain impedance curve of the high-speed link by using the loss value, and carrying out impedance mutation analysis according to the corrected result. The invention can eliminate impedance analysis errors.

Description

High-speed link impedance mutation analysis method, system, terminal and storage medium

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-speed links, and in particular relates to a high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method, system, terminal and storage medium.

Background technique

With the development of server technology, the demand for communication speed is getting higher and higher, and the application of high-speed links is becoming more and more extensive. Most existing performance testing methods for high-speed links use impedance mutation analysis methods, and high-speed links without impedance mutations have higher stability. In addition, the impedance mutation of the high-speed link may be observed when fault location is performed on the high-speed link.

Most of the existing impedance analysis methods for high-speed links are to obtain the frequency-domain S-parameters of the link through software simulation, and then obtain the time-domain impedance curve through Fourier transform. However, due to the influence of transmission line resistance and plate loss, the impedance curve obtained by S-parameter transformation in the prior art will increase linearly with time. This is obviously not the impedance characteristic of a uniform transmission line as commonly understood, but caused by errors, which is not conducive to It truly reflects the real value of the impedance of vias and other impedance mutations.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method, system, terminal and storage medium to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

In the first aspect, the present invention provides a high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method, including:

Obtain the frequency-domain S-parameters of the high-speed link by using monitoring tools, and obtain the impedance curve equation by performing Fourier transform on the frequency-domain S-parameters;

generating an error function based on the impedance curve equation;

generating a wire loss function according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and generating a loss curve function according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss factor;

The error function and the loss curve function are fitted by the least square method to obtain the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value;

Substituting the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value into the loss curve function to obtain a loss value, and using the loss value to correct the real-time time-domain impedance curve of the high-speed link, and performing impedance mutation analysis according to the corrected result.

Further, the monitoring tool is used to obtain the frequency-domain S-parameters of the high-speed link, and the impedance curve equation is obtained by Fourier transforming the frequency-domain S-parameters, including:

Use a network analyzer to detect frequency-domain S-parameters of high-speed links.

Further, an error function is generated based on the impedance curve equation, including:

Setting a minimum time range, and using the impedance curve equation of the time variable within the minimum time range as a theoretical transmission line impedance equation ignoring errors;

The error function is obtained by taking the difference between the theoretical transmission line impedance equation and the impedance curve equation.

Further, a wire loss function is generated according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and a loss curve function is generated according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss coefficient, including:

Calculation of theoretical wire loss functions based on signal propagation velocity, resistivity, and cross-sectional area for high-speed links Where ρ is the volume resistivity of the wire, V is the signal propagation velocity, which can be obtained from the relative permittivity and the speed of light, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire;

Set the wire loss coefficient a ₁ based on the influence of the skin effect on the series resistance, then the wire loss function r'(t)=a ₁ ×r(t);

Set the dielectric loss coefficient as a ₂ ;

Generate Loss Curve Function

Further, the loss coefficient value of the wire and the dielectric loss coefficient value are substituted into the loss curve function to obtain the loss value, and the real-time time-domain impedance curve of the high-speed link is corrected by using the loss value, and the impedance is calculated according to the corrected result. Mutation analysis, including:

The frequency-domain S-parameters are updated according to the continuous monitoring of the high-speed link, and the impedance curve equation obtained by Fourier transforming the updated frequency-domain S-parameters is used as a real-time time-domain impedance curve.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a high-speed link impedance mutation analysis system, including:

The link monitoring unit is used to obtain the frequency-domain S-parameter of the high-speed link by using the monitoring tool, and obtain the impedance curve equation by performing Fourier transform on the frequency-domain S-parameter;

an error calculation unit, configured to generate an error function based on the impedance curve equation;

A loss calculation unit, configured to generate a wire loss function according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and generate a loss curve function according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss coefficient;

The function fitting unit is used to use the least square method to fit the error function and the loss curve function to obtain the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value;

The impedance analysis unit is used for substituting the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value into the loss curve function to obtain a loss value, and using the loss value to correct the real-time time-domain impedance curve of the high-speed link, and according to the corrected The results were subjected to impedance mutation analysis.

Further, the link monitoring unit is used for:

Use a network analyzer to detect frequency-domain S-parameters of high-speed links.

Further, the error calculation unit is used for:

Setting a minimum time range, and using the impedance curve equation of the time variable within the minimum time range as a theoretical transmission line impedance equation ignoring errors;

The error function is obtained by taking the difference between the theoretical transmission line impedance equation and the impedance curve equation.

Further, the loss calculation unit is used for:

Calculation of theoretical wire loss functions based on signal propagation velocity, resistivity, and cross-sectional area for high-speed links Where ρ is the volume resistivity of the wire, V is the signal propagation velocity, which can be obtained from the relative permittivity and the speed of light, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire;

Set the wire loss coefficient a ₁ based on the influence of the skin effect on the series resistance, then the wire loss function r'(t)=a ₁ ×r(t);

Set the dielectric loss coefficient as a ₂ ;

Generate Loss Curve Function

Further, the impedance analysis unit is used for:

The frequency-domain S-parameters are updated according to the continuous monitoring of the high-speed link, and the impedance curve equation obtained by Fourier transforming the updated frequency-domain S-parameters is used as a real-time time-domain impedance curve.

In a third aspect, a terminal is provided, including:

processor, memory, where,

The memory is used to store computer programs,

The processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the terminal executes the above-mentioned terminal method.

In a fourth aspect, a computer storage medium is provided, and instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when run on a computer, the computer is made to execute the methods described in the above aspects.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method, system, terminal and storage medium provided by the present invention can eliminate the error gradually accumulated in the time-domain impedance curve after the S-parameter inverse Fourier transform increases with time, Obtain curves that correctly reflect the changes in transmission line impedance and impedance mutation points, making high-speed link analysis and fault inspection more accurate.

In addition, the design principle of the present invention is reliable, the structure is simple, and has very wide application prospects.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, In other words, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is another schematic flowchart of the method of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described The embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, the execution subject in FIG. 1 may be a high-speed link impedance mutation analysis system.

As shown in Figure 1, the method includes:

Step 110, using a monitoring tool to obtain frequency-domain S-parameters of the high-speed link, and performing Fourier transform on the frequency-domain S-parameters to obtain an impedance curve equation;

Step 120, generating an error function based on the impedance curve equation;

Step 130, generating a wire loss function according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and generating a loss curve function according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss coefficient;

Step 140, using the least squares method to fit the error function and the loss curve function to obtain the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value;

Step 150, Substituting the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value into the loss curve function to obtain a loss value, and using the loss value to correct the real-time time-domain impedance curve of the high-speed link, and performing impedance calculation according to the corrected result Mutation analysis.

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the following uses the principle of the high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method of the present invention, combined with the process of performing impedance mutation analysis on the high-speed link in the embodiment, to further explain the high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method provided by the present invention. describe.

Specifically, please refer to Figure 2, the high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method includes:

S1. Using a monitoring tool to acquire frequency-domain S-parameters of the high-speed link, and performing Fourier transform on the frequency-domain S-parameters to obtain an impedance curve equation.

Make an actual uniform transmission line test link, or establish a transmission line simulation model to obtain accurate S parameters. The impedance curve equation Z1(t) is obtained by inverse Fourier transform.

S2. Generate an error function based on the impedance curve equation.

When the time t is very small, the wire loss and dielectric loss are negligible, so the transmission line impedance value Z0 with negligible error can be read, and the ideal impedance curve equation Z0(t)=Z0 can be established based on this value. The time-varying error function E(t) can be obtained by subtracting the two equations.

S3. Generate a wire loss function according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and generate a loss curve function according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss coefficient.

The source of wire loss is wire series resistance and skin effect. Series resistance is determined by wire cross-section parameters, wire length (function of time t), and wire resistivity. The wire cross-section and resistivity are known quantities, so the series resistance of the wire as a function of time t can be obtained Where ρ is the volume resistivity of the wire, V is the signal propagation velocity, which can be obtained from the relative permittivity and the speed of light, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire. Considering the influence of the skin effect on the series resistance, add the coefficient a ₁ to correct r(t), and obtain the complete wire loss expression r'(t)=a ₁ ×r(t).

The main parameter of dielectric loss is the loss factor df value. The df value of the plate does not change with time, so the influence on the error function is constant, which is set as the coefficient a ₂ .

Establish the fitting curve equation composed of wire loss and dielectric loss factors

S4. Fitting the error function and the loss curve function by using the least squares method to obtain the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value.

Use the least square method to fit the F(t) curve and the known E(t) curve to solve a ₁ and a ₂ . In a geometric sense, the least squares method is to seek the curve y=p with the smallest sum of squares of distances from a given point set {( _xi ,y _i )}(i=0,1,2,...,m) (x). The function p(x) becomes a fitting function or a least squares solution, and the method for finding the fitting function p(x) is the least squares method of curve fitting, which is a basic mathematical solution method. The least squares fitting formula is as follows:

Among them, x _i is the time series, y _i is the sequence of F(t), a ₁ and a ₂ are the coefficients of the fitting function. The values of a ₁ and a ₂ can be obtained by the above formula.

S5. Substituting the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value into the loss curve function to obtain a loss value, and using the loss value to correct the real-time time-domain impedance curve of the high-speed link, and perform impedance mutation according to the corrected result analyze.

The frequency-domain S-parameters are updated according to the continuous monitoring of the high-speed link, and the impedance curve equation obtained by Fourier transforming the updated frequency-domain S-parameters is used as a real-time time-domain impedance curve. Substitute the values of a ₁ and a ₂ obtained in step S4 into the obtained F(t) and add it to the result converted from the S parameter as a correction part. As verified in other transmission line designs, the equations can be applied to most designs stating that the optimal method was obtained. If the deviation is large, re-correct the equation and solve it again.

As shown in Figure 3, the system 300 includes:

The link monitoring unit 310 is configured to use a monitoring tool to obtain frequency-domain S parameters of the high-speed link, and obtain an impedance curve equation by performing Fourier transform on the frequency-domain S parameters;

An error calculation unit 320, configured to generate an error function based on the impedance curve equation;

A loss calculation unit 330, configured to generate a wire loss function according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and generate a loss curve function according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss coefficient;

The function fitting unit 340 is used to use the least square method to fit the error function and the loss curve function to obtain the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value;

The impedance analysis unit 350 is used to substitute the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value into the loss curve function to obtain a loss value, and use the loss value to correct the real-time time-domain impedance curve of the high-speed link, and according to the corrected The results were subjected to impedance mutation analysis.

Optionally, as an embodiment of the present invention, the link monitoring unit is used for:

Use a network analyzer to detect frequency-domain S-parameters of high-speed links.

Optionally, as an embodiment of the present invention, the error calculation unit is used for:

Setting a minimum time range, and using the impedance curve equation of the time variable within the minimum time range as a theoretical transmission line impedance equation ignoring errors;

The error function is obtained by taking the difference between the theoretical transmission line impedance equation and the impedance curve equation.

Optionally, as an embodiment of the present invention, the loss calculation unit is used for:

Calculation of theoretical wire loss functions based on signal propagation velocity, resistivity, and cross-sectional area for high-speed links Where ρ is the volume resistivity of the wire, V is the signal propagation velocity, which can be obtained from the relative permittivity and the speed of light, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire;

Set the wire loss coefficient a ₁ based on the influence of the skin effect on the series resistance, then the wire loss function r'(t)=a ₁ ×r(t);

Set the dielectric loss coefficient as a ₂ ;

Generate Loss Curve Function

Optionally, as an embodiment of the present invention, the impedance analysis unit is used for:

The frequency-domain S-parameters are updated according to the continuous monitoring of the high-speed link, and the impedance curve equation obtained by Fourier transforming the updated frequency-domain S-parameters is used as a real-time time-domain impedance curve.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal 400 provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and the terminal 400 may be used to implement the method for analyzing a sudden change in impedance of a high-speed link provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, the terminal 400 may include: a processor 410 , a memory 420 and a communication unit 430 . These components communicate through one or more buses. Those skilled in the art can understand that the structure of the server shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation to the present invention. It can be a bus structure, a star structure, or a More or fewer components than shown, or combinations of certain components, or different arrangements of components may be included.

Wherein, the memory 420 can be used to store the execution instructions of the processor 410, and the memory 420 can be realized by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage terminal or their combination, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Magnetic Memory, Flash Memory, Magnetic Disk or Optical Disk . When the execution instructions in the memory 420 are executed by the processor 410, the terminal 400 is enabled to perform some or all of the steps in the following above-mentioned method embodiments.

The processor 410 is the control center of the storage terminal, using various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire electronic terminal, by running or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 420, and calling data stored in the memory, To perform various functions of the electronic terminal and/or process data. The processor may be composed of an integrated circuit (Integrated Circuit, IC for short), for example, may be composed of a single packaged IC, or may be composed of multiple packaged ICs connected with the same function or different functions. For example, the processor 410 may only include a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU for short). In the embodiments of the present invention, the CPU may be a single computing core, or may include multiple computing cores.

The communication unit 430 is configured to establish a communication channel, so that the storage terminal can communicate with other terminals. Receive user data sent by other terminals or send user data to other terminals.

The present invention also provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium may store a program, and the program may include part or all of the steps in the various embodiments provided by the present invention when executed. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (English: read-only memory, ROM for short), or a random access memory (English: random access memory, RAM for short), and the like.

Therefore, the present invention can eliminate the error that the time-domain impedance curve after the S-parameter inverse Fourier transform gradually accumulates as time increases, and obtain a curve that correctly reflects the change of the transmission line impedance and the impedance mutation point, enabling high-speed link analysis and fault inspection More precisely, the technical effects that can be achieved by this embodiment can refer to the above description, and will not be repeated here.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the technologies in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform. Based on such an understanding, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products are stored in a storage medium such as a USB flash drive, mobile Hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes, including several instructions to make a computer terminal (It may be a personal computer, a server, or a second terminal, a network terminal, etc.) Execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

For the same and similar parts among the various embodiments in this specification, refer to each other. In particular, for the terminal embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for relevant details, refer to the description in the method embodiment.

In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed system and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of systems or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

Although the present invention has been described in detail in conjunction with preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or replacements to the embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications or replacements should be within the scope of the present invention/any Those skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method, characterized in that, comprising: Obtain the frequency-domain S-parameters of the high-speed link by using monitoring tools, and obtain the impedance curve equation by performing Fourier transform on the frequency-domain S-parameters; generating an error function based on the impedance curve equation; generating a wire loss function according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and generating a loss curve function according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss factor; The error function and the loss curve function are fitted by the least square method to obtain the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value; Substituting the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value into the loss curve function to obtain a loss value, and using the loss value to correct the real-time time-domain impedance curve of the high-speed link, and performing impedance mutation analysis according to the corrected result; generating an error function based on the impedance curve equation comprising: Setting a minimum time range, and using the impedance curve equation of the time variable within the minimum time range as a theoretical transmission line impedance equation ignoring errors; The difference between the theoretical transmission line impedance equation and the impedance curve equation is obtained to obtain the error function; Generate a wire loss function according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and generate a loss curve function according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss coefficient, including: Calculation of theoretical wire loss functions based on signal propagation velocity, resistivity, and cross-sectional area for high-speed links Among them, ρ is the volume resistivity of the wire, V is the signal propagation speed obtained by the relative permittivity and the speed of light, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire; Set the wire loss coefficient a ₁ based on the influence of the skin effect on the series resistance, then the wire loss function r'(t)=a ₁ ×r(t); Set the dielectric loss coefficient as a ₂ ; Generate Loss Curve Function Substituting the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value into the loss curve function to obtain a loss value, and using the loss value to correct the real-time time-domain impedance curve of the high-speed link, and performing impedance mutation analysis according to the corrected result, include: The frequency-domain S-parameters are updated according to the continuous monitoring of the high-speed link, and the impedance curve equation obtained by Fourier transforming the updated frequency-domain S-parameters is used as a real-time time-domain impedance curve. 2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, utilizes monitoring tool to obtain the frequency domain S parameter of high-speed link, and obtains impedance curve equation by carrying out Fourier transform to described frequency domain S parameter, comprises: Use a network analyzer to detect frequency-domain S-parameters of high-speed links. 3. A high-speed link impedance mutation analysis system, characterized in that, comprising: The link monitoring unit is used to obtain the frequency-domain S-parameter of the high-speed link by using the monitoring tool, and obtain the impedance curve equation by performing Fourier transform on the frequency-domain S-parameter; an error calculation unit, configured to generate an error function based on the impedance curve equation; A loss calculation unit, configured to generate a wire loss function according to the wire characteristics of the high-speed link, and generate a loss curve function according to the wire loss function and a set dielectric loss coefficient; The function fitting unit is used to use the least square method to fit the error function and the loss curve function to obtain the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value; The impedance analysis unit is used for substituting the wire loss coefficient value and the dielectric loss coefficient value into the loss curve function to obtain a loss value, and using the loss value to correct the real-time time-domain impedance curve of the high-speed link, and according to the corrected The results were subjected to impedance mutation analysis; The error calculation unit is used for: Setting a minimum time range, and using the impedance curve equation of the time variable within the minimum time range as a theoretical transmission line impedance equation ignoring errors; The difference between the theoretical transmission line impedance equation and the impedance curve equation is obtained to obtain the error function; The loss calculation unit is used for: Calculation of theoretical wire loss functions based on signal propagation velocity, resistivity, and cross-sectional area for high-speed links Among them, ρ is the volume resistivity of the wire, V is the signal propagation speed obtained by the relative permittivity and the speed of light, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire; Set the wire loss coefficient a ₁ based on the influence of the skin effect on the series resistance, then the wire loss function r'(t)=a ₁ ×r(t); Set the dielectric loss coefficient as a ₂ ; Generate Loss Curve Function The impedance analysis unit is used for: The frequency-domain S-parameters are updated according to the continuous monitoring of the high-speed link, and the impedance curve equation obtained by Fourier transforming the updated frequency-domain S-parameters is used as a real-time time-domain impedance curve. 4. A terminal for realizing a high-speed link impedance mutation analysis method, characterized in that, comprising: processor; memory for storing instructions for execution by the processor; Wherein, the processor is configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-2. 5. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1-2 is implemented.